Skip to main content

Full text of "Journal of the proceedings of the Linnean Society"

See other formats 


hi 


ku^uim,    . 


■■ni^^'KTm:^.jmsLM.-  i:.tMi:vrr sfyjg-  ■■;^M:irMa:tjr-,:JMrfWi^-mMH'X.jaM»a^fexiMmi.\ 


.■'JMPal -SSflnPESilli 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY. 


LIBRARY 

OF  THE 
MUSEUM   OF  COMPARATIVE   ZOOLOGY 

Ht5A 


I 


JOURNAL 


OF 


THE    PROCEEDINGS 


ov 


THE   LINNEAN   SOCIETY. 


ZOOLOGY. 


VOL.  VIL 


LONDON: 

SOLD   AT  THE    SOCIETY'S   APARTMENTS,  BURLINGTON    HOUSE; 

AND  BY 

LONGMAN,  GREEN,  LONGMAN,  ROBERTS  &  GREEN, 

AND 

WILLIAMS  AND  NORGATE. 

1864. 


i] 


PRINTED  BY  TAYLOR  AND  FRANCIS, 

BED  HON  COURT,  FLEET  STREET. 


■^ 


LIST  OE  PAPEHS. 


. 


Page 

Adams,  Abthub,  F.L.S.  &c. 

On  tlie  Species  of  PyramideUince  found  in  Japan    1 

On  the  Japanese  Species  of  Leiostraca 84 

On  the  Species  of  Rostriferous  Gasteropods  (Strombulce,  Tricho- 

tropidce,  Cyprceidce,  and  A7upMperasidce)  found  in  Japan  ....  91 

On  the  Species  of  Fiisidce  which  inhabit  the  Seas  of  Japan  ....  105 

On  the  Species  of  3Iitridce  foimd  in  the  Seas  of  Japan 198 

Blackwall,  John,  F.L.S. 

A  succinct  Review  of  recent  Attempts  to  explain  several  remark- 
able Facts  in  the  Physiology  of  Spiders  and  Insects 164 

M'Intosh,  W.  Cahmichael,  M.D.,  F.L.S. 

Notes  on  the  Food  and  Parasites  of  the  Salmo  Salar  of  the  Tay  145 

MuBKAY,  Andbeav,  F.L.S. 

On  the  early  Stages  of  Development  of  Orthopterous  Insects   .  .     97 

Smith,  Fbedebick,  Esq. 

Catalogue  of  Hymeuopterous  Insects  collected  by  Mr.  A.  R. 
Wallace  in  the  Islands  of  Mysol,  Ceram,  Waigiou,  Bouru, 
and  Timor 6 

Notes  on  the  Geographical  Distribution  of  the  Aculeate  Hyme- 
noptera  collected  by  Mr.  A.  R.  Wallace  in  the  Eastern  Archi- 
pelago        109 

Walkek,  Fbancis,  F.L.S. 

Catalogue  of  the  Heterocerous  Lepidopterous  Insects  collected 
at  Sarawak,  in  Borneo,  by  Mr.  A.  R.  Wallace,  with  Descrip- 
tions of  New  Species     49,  160 

Catalogue  of  the  Dipterous  Insects  collected  in  Waigiou,  Mysol, 
and  North  Coram,  by  Mr.  A.  R.  Wallace,  with  Descriptions 
of  New  Species     202 

Index    239 


W  :!-» 


JOURNAL  or  THE  PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THE 


LINNEAN  SOCIETY  OF  LONDON. 


On  the  Species  of  Pyramidellints  foimd  in  Japan.     By  Abthur 
Adams,  P.L.S.,  &c.     Received  September  11,  1862. 

[Eeacl  Nov.  6,  1862.] 

I  HAVE  not  met  with  a  single  species  of  PyramideUa,  s.  str.,  in 
Japan.  The  small  plicate  species  with  a  single  plait,  separated 
under  the  name  of  Fartlienia  by  Lowe,  and  the  pupoid  forms 
arranged  by  P.  P.  Carpenter  under  the  head  of  ChrysalUda  are 
the  most  numerous  of  the  subfamily.  Besides  these,  I  recognize 
a  thin,  turreted  form,  which  I  call  Pyrgulina ;  an  ovate-cancellate 
group,  which  is  named  Mumiola  ;  a  plicate  form,  with  a  spiral  axis, 
which  is  my  Mormula ;  and  a  little  group,  solid,  and  half  costate, 
half  lirate,  which  I  designate  Miralda. 

Gen.  Mormula,  A.  Ad. 

Testa  subulato-turrita,  rissoidea,  solida,  crassa,  longitudinaliter 
plicata.  Apertura  magna  ;  labio  spiraliter  tortuoso  ;  labro  intus 
incrassato,  margine  acuto. 

1.  Mormula  rissoina,  A.  Ad. 

M.  testa  subulato-turrita,  solida,  in  medio  tumidula,  albida,  fasciis  duabus 
transversis  rufesceiitibus  saspe  ornata ;  anfractibus  normalibus  7>  pla- 
niuseulis,  longitudinaliter  plicatis,  plicis  crassis  vix  undulatis,  nonnullis 

LrNN.  PBOC. — ZOOLOGY,  YOL.  VII.  1 


i5  ME.  A.  ADAMS  ON  SPECIES  OF  PTEAMIDELLIN^ 

variciformibus,  interstitiis  valde  liratis;  apertur  asubquadrata ;  labio 
recto,  spiraliter  tortuoso  ;  labro  intus  incrassato,  margine  acuto. 

Hab.  0-Sima;  Takano-Sinia. 

This  is  a  singular-banded  shell,  very  much  resembling  a  Rissoina ;  but 
the  iuner  lip  is  spirally  twisted,  and  the  nucleus  is  sinistral. 

2.    MORMULA  EGREGIA,  A.  Ad. 

M.  testa  subulato-turrita,  crassa,  solida,  rissoida,  carneola,  rufo  fasciata ; 
anfractibus  normalibus  8,  planis,  longitudinaliter  valde  costatis,  trans- 
versira  totis  liratis,  fasciis  tribus  transversis  rufis  ornatis ;  apertura 
subquadrato-ovata ;  labio  spiraliter  tortuoso ;  labro  intus  incrassato, 
extus  varicoso,  margine  arcuato,  acuto. 
Hab.  Delaguete;  Philippines. 

I  have  introduced  this  singular  Rissoid-looking  shell  here,  although  not 
from  Japan,  as  a  second  species  of  Mormula.  It  appears  to  agree  conge- 
nerically  with  M.  rissoina;  but  the  nucleolar  whorls  are  unfortunately  broken 
off. 

Gren.  Chetsallida,  Cpr. 

The  species  enumerated  and  described  in  this  communication 
are  all  from  Japan. 

1.  Chrysallida  plicata,  A.  Ad.  Annals  Nat.  Hist.  18G0, 
Hab.  Mino-Sima;  Gotto  ;  0-Sima. 

2.  Chrysallida  consimiUs,  A.  Ad.  Annals  Nat.  Hist.  1861. 
Hab.  0-Sima ;  Takano-Siraa. 

3.  Chrysallida  pupula,  A.  Ad.  Annals  Nat.  Hist.  1861. 
Hab.  Tsu-Sima,  26  fathoms. 

4.  Chrysallida  alveata,  A.  Ad.  Annals  Nat.  Hist.  1861. 
Hab.  Tsu-Sima;  Takano-Sima. 

5.  Chrysallida  consobrina,  A.  Ad.  Annals  Nat.  Hist.  1861. 
Hab,  Awa-Sima;  Gotto. 

6.  Chrysallida  nana,  A.  Ad.  Annals  Nat.  Hist.  1861. 
Hab.  Tsu-sima,  26  fathoms. 

7.  Chrysallida  mumia,  A.  Ad.  Annals  Nat,  Hist.  1861. 
Hab.  Gotto,  48  fathoms. 

8.  Chrysallida  mundula.  A.  Ad.  (Parthenia  mundula,  Annals  Nat.  Hist. 
1861). 

Hab.  Sado ;  0-Sima. 

9.  Chrysallida  munda,  A.  Ad.  Annals  Nat.  Hist.  1861. 
Hab.  Korea  Strait. 

10.  Chrysallida  filocincta,  A.  Ad. 

C.  testa  elongato-ovali,  albida,  linea  rufa  (in  anfractu  ultimo  lineis  duabus) 
ornata ;  anfractibus  normalibus  5,  convexiusculis,  longitudinaliter  pli- 


FOUND  IN  JAPAN.  6 

catis,  plicis  subconfertis,  interstitiis  punctatis,  plicis  in  anfractu  ulti- 
mo ad  peripLeriam  evanidis ;  apertura  ovata,  antice  efFusa,  plica  colu- 
mellari  obliqua. 

Hab.  0-Sima. 

More  ovate  than  31.  rufolineata,  and  the  interstices  obscurely  punctate. 

11.  Chrysallida  rufolineata,  a.  Ad. 

C.  testa  elongato-turrita,  albida,nitida,linea  rufa  (in  anfractu  ultimo  lineis 
duabus)  ornata ;  anfractibus  normalibus  6,  planis,  in  medio  excavatis, 
longitudinaliter  plicatis,  plicis  subdistantibus,  interstitiis  Isevibus,  su- 
turis  crenulatis,  plicis  in  anfractu  ultimo  ad  peripheram  evanidis; 
apertura  subquadrato-ovato,  antice  effusa,  plica  parietali  obliqua. 

Hab.  Gotto,  48  fathoms. 

12.  Chrysallida  galbula,  A.  Ad. 

C.  testa  elongato-ovata,  pupoidea,  in  medio  tumida,  apice  obtusiusculo, 
lactea,  nitida ;  anfractibus  normalibus  6,  tabulatis,  transversim  liratis, 
in  medio  concaviusculis,  superioribus  longitudinaliter  plicatis,  inferi- 
oribus  Isevibus  ;  apertura  ovata  ;  labio  incrassato,  plica  parietali  me- 
diana,  transversa  ;  labro  intus  sulcato. 
Hab.  Gotto,  48  fathoms. 

A  little  pupoid,  semiplicate  species,  with  the  whorls  transversely  grooved 
internally. 

13.  Chrysallida  brucella,  A.  Ad. 

C.  testa  elongata,  pupiformi,  badia;   anfractibus  normalibus  7,  planis, 
longitudinaliter  costatis,  costis  validis,  rectis,  confertis,  interstitiis  sim- 
plicibus  ;  apertura  ovato-oblonga,  plica  parietali  obliqua,  conspicua. 
Hab.  Seto-Uchi;  0-Sima;  Takano-Sima. 

A  neatly  fashioned,  brown  species,  with  strong  ribs,  and  with  the  inter- 
stices plain. 

Gen.  Miralda,  A.  Ad. 

Testa  solida,  ovata,  seu  elongata ;  anfractibus  planis,  postice 
plicatis,  antice  transversim  liratis.  Apertura  labro  postice  sub- 
angulato,  margine  crenato. 

1.  Miralda  diadema,  A.  Ad.  (Parthenia  diadema.  Annals  N.  H.  1860), 
Hab.  Mino-Sima;  Seto-Uchi;  Uraga. 

2.  Miralda  Mariella,  A.  Ad.  (Parthenia  Mariella,  Ann.  N.  H.  1860), 
Hab.  Mino-Sima;  Gotto;  Tsu-Sima;  Seto-Uchi. 

3.  Miralda  gemma,  A.  Ad.  (Parthenia  gemma,  A7in.  N.  H.  1861). 
Hab.  Tsu-Sima ;  Seto-Uchi ;  Akasi. 

Gen.  Paethenia,  Lowe. 

Testa  tenuis,  pyramidata  seu  turrita ;  anfractibus  longitudinaliter 

costellatis,  costellis,  in  anfractu  ultimo,  ad  peripheriam  evanidis. 

Apertura  ovata ;  labro  in  medio  subangulato ;  labio  plica  unica 

instructo. 

1* 


4  MR.  A.  ADAMS  ON  SPECIES  OE  PTEAMIDELLIN^ 

1.  Parthenia  monocycla,  A.  Ad.  Annals  Nat.  Hist.  1860. 
Hab.  Mino-Sima;  Gotto ;  0-Sima;  Tanabe. 

2.  Parthenia  spirata,  A.  Ad.  Annals  Nat.  Hist.  1860. 
Hab.  Mino-Sima. 

3.  Parthenia  littoralis,  A.  Ad.  Annals  Nat.  Hist.  1861. 
Hab.  Tsu-Sima,  on  oysters,  low  water. 

4.  Parthenia  punctigera,  A.  Ad.  Annals  Nat.  Hist.  1860. 
Hab.  Gotto ;  Sado. 

5.  Parthenia  semiplicata,  A.  Ad.  (Chrysallida  seraiplicata.  Annals,  1860). 
Hab.  Gotto;  0-Siina;  Takano-Sima. 

6.  Parthenia  pusio,  A.  Ad.  (Chrysallida  pusio,  Annals  Nat.  HJs^.'^1861). 
Hab.  Tsu-Sima ;  0-Sima. 

7.  Parthenia  pagodula,  A.  Ad.  (Tm'bonilla  monocycla,  A.  Ad.  Annals 
Nat.  Hist.  1860). 

Hab.  Mino-Sima;  Taku-Sima;  Takano-Sima. 

8.  Parthenia  foveolata,  A.  Ad.  Annals  Nat.  Hist.  1860. 
Hab.  Mino-Sima. 

9.  Parthenia  cjelata,  A.  Ad. 

M.  testa  pyramidato-turrita,  alba,  solida;  anfractibus  normalibus  8,  pla- 
natis,  longitudiualiter  costatis,  costis  rectis,  interstitiis  valde  punctatis ; 
cingula  transversa,  conspicua,  ad  suturas  ornatis ;  anfractu  ultimo  ad 
peripheriam  angulato,  basi  cingulis  tribus,  validis,  concentricis  instructo ; 
apertura  subquadrata,  plica  columellari  transversa,  conspicua,  acuta. 
Hab.  Seto-Uchi;  Akasi ;  Tsu-Sima. 

This  is  a  very  regular,  strongly-marked  species,  found  principally  at 
Akasi,  in  the  Inland  Sea.  The  form  is  elongately  pyramidal,  and  the 
whorls  are  ribbed  and  Urate,  the  lower  portions  being  encircled  with  a 
concentric  elevated  zone,  and  the  last  whorl  at  the  base  being  furnished 
with  three  similar  zones. 

Gen.  Ptegulina,  A.  Ad. 

Testa  tenuis,  ovato-turrita ;  anfractibus  spiratis,  postice  angulatis, 
longitudinaliter  plicatis.  Ajjertura  ovata ;  labro  margine  postice 
angulato. 

1.  Pyrgulina  casta,  A.  Ad.  (Chrysallida  casta.  Annals  Nat.  Hist.  1861. 
Hab.  Takano-Sima. 

2.  Pyrguhna  Minna,  A.  Ad.  (Chrysallida  Minna,  Annals,  1860.) 
Hab.  Mino-Sima;  Gotto, 

3.  Pyrgulina  Brenda,  A.  Ad.  (Chrysallida  Brenda,  Annals,  1860). 
Hab.  Takano-Sima;  0-Sinia. 

4.  Pyrgulina  elegantula,  A.  Ad.  (Chrysallida  elegantula,  Annals,  1860). 
Hab.  Mino-Sima  ;  Seto-Uchi. 


FOUND  IN  JAPAN.  O 

5.  Pyrgulina  pygmaea,  A.  Ad.  (Chrysallida  pygmsea,  Annals,  1861). 
Hab.  Mino-Sima;  Gotto. 

6.  Pyrgulina  pulchella,  A.  Ad.  (Chrysallida  pulchella,  Annals,  1860). 
Hab.  Gotto;  Miuo-Sima;  Seto-Uchi;  Akasi. 

7.  Pyrgulina  concinna,  A.  Ad.  (Chrysallida  concinna,  Annals,  1860). 
Hab.  Mino-Sima. 

8.  Pyrgulina  miranda,  A.  Ad.  (Chrysallida  miranda,  Annals,  1861). 
Hab.  Yobuko. 

9.  Pyrgulina  bellula,  A.  Ad.  (Parthenia  bellula,  Annals,  1860). 
Hab.  Tabu-Sima,  24  fathoms. 

10.  Pyrgulina  fenestrata,  A.  Ad.  (Parthenia  fenestrata,  Annals,  1860). 
Hab.  Mino-Sima. 

1 1.  Pyrgulina  pura,  A.  Ad.  (Chrysallida  pura,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  1861). 
Hab.  Awa-Sima ;  Takano-Sima. 

12.  Pyrgulina  tantilla,  A.  Ad. 

P.  testa  tenui,  turrita,  alba,  semipellucida ;  anfractibus  normalibus4,  con- 
vexiusculis,  postice  vix  angulatis,  longitudinaliter  plicatis,  plicis  undu- 
latis,  subeonfertis,  interstitiis  concinne  elathratis,  suturis  profundis  J 
apertura  ovata,  plica  columellari  conspicua. 

Hab.  0-Sima  ;  Tanabe ;  Takano-Sima, 

A  very  pretty  little  species,  semitransparent,  and  neatly  sculptured. 

13.  Pyrgulina  decussata,  A.  Ad. 

P.  testa  ovato-turrita,  rimata,  tenui ;  anfractibus  normalibus  4,  planatis, 
postice  rotundato-angulatis,  costellis  tenuibus  confertis  longitudinali- 
bus  et  lineis  elevatis  transversis  decussatis ;  apertura  quadrato-ovata ; 
labio  subrecto ;  plica  columellari  cselata. 

Hab.  Gotto,  48  fathoms. 

In  this  species  the  longitudinal  ribs  are  very  fine  and  close  together,  and 
are  crossed  by  transverse  lines. 

Gen.  Mumiola,  A.  Ad. 

Testa  tenuis,  elongata  seu  ovata ;  anfractibus  convexis,  cancellatis 
aut  granulosis.  Aperhira  ovata ;  labro  margine  regulariter 
arcuato. 

1.  Mumiola  spirata,  ^.  Jrf.  (Monoptygma  spirata,  A.  Ad.  Sow.  Tkes. 
Monopt.  pi.  172.  figs.  26,  27.) 

Hab.  0-Siraa. 

2.  Mumiola  reticosa,  A.  Ad. 

31.  testa  tenui,  rimata,  acuminato-ovata ;  anfractibus  normalibus  4,  con- 
vexis, lineis  elevatis  transversis  et  longitudiualibus  decussatis ;  apertura 
ovata  ;  labio  plica  postica,  transversa,  valida ;  labro  siniplici,  arcuato. 

Hab.  Seto-Uchi. 


6  ME.  r.  SMITH  ON  HYMENOPTEEOUS  INSECTS 

The  cancellation  in  this  species  is  much  finer  than  in  M.  spirata,  and 
the  whorls  are  not  angulate  at  the  sutures. 

3.    MUMIOLA  TESSELLATA,  A.  Ad. 

M.  testa  ovata,  rimata,  sordide  alba,  anfractibus  normalibus  5,  planius- 
culis,  liris  granosis  longitudinalibus  confertis,  et  sulcisvalidis  transversis 
concinne  tessellatis ;  apertura  ovato-oblonga,  plica  columellari  trans- 
versa, valida,  mediana. 

Hab.  Tanabe ;  0-Sima. 

An  ovate,  tessellated  species,  of  very  neat  form,  and  peculiar  style  of 
sculpture. 


Catalogue  of  Hymeuopterous  Insects  collected  by  Mr.  A.  E.,  Wal- 
lace in  the  Islands  of  Mysol,  Ceram,  Waigiou,  Bouru  and 
Timor.  By  Feedeeick:  Smith,  Assistant  in  the  Zoological 
Department,  British  Museum.  Communicated  by  W.  W. 
Saundees,  Esq.,  r.E.S.  &  L.S. 

[Read  Jan.  15,  1863.] 

It  will  be  observed,  on  comparing  the  contents  of  the  present  col- 
lection with  others  described  in  previous  papers,  that  the  species 
most  widely  distributed  belong  to  the  families  Vespidoe  and  SpTie- 
gidce,  both  containing  insects  of  powerful  flight ;  whilst  among  the 
apterous  genera,  or  those  in  which  the  females  are  onl)''  tempora- 
rily winged,  as  in  the  Formicidcd,  the  range  of  distribution  is  much 
more  circumscribed ;  it  is,  consequently,  here  that  the  largest 
number  of  new  species  are  foimd. 

In  this  paper,  no  less  than  four  new  species  of  the  family  Thyn- 
nidcB  are  described,  one  belonging  to  the  genus  ^hirus,  the  first,  I 
believe,  that  has  occurred  out  of  Australia.  We  hope  shortly  to 
be  enabled  to  draw  up  a  set  of  tables  showing  the  range  of  geo- 
graphical distribution  of  the  numerous  species  of  Hymenoptera 
described  in  the  various  previous  papers  on  the  insects  of  the 
Eastern  Archipelago. 

Earn.  EVANID^,  Leach. 

Gen.  Megischus,  BrulU. 

1.  Megischus  tarsalis,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  l.'j/-  2. 
Hab.  Ceram ;  Bachian. 

2.  Megischus  viduus.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  \.  1.38.  .3. 
Hab.  Kaisaa;   Ceram. 

3.  Meuischvs    spoliator.      M.   niger,   maudibulis    et    anteuuarum 


OF  MTSOL,  CERAM,  WAIGIOU,  BOUUU,  AKD  TIMOR.  7 

basi  rufis ;  thorace  rugoso ;  pedibus  anticis  et  intermediis  ferrugineis, 
tarsis  posterioribiis  rubris ;  alis  hyalinis. 

Female.  Length  7  lines.  Black ;  the  mandibles,  palpi,  and  five  basal 
joints  of  the  antennae  ferruginous ;  the  face  rugose ;  the  front  with 
three  short  acute  tubercles  placed  in  a  triangle,  behind  which  the  head 
is  transversely  rugulose ;  behind  the  eyes  is  a  broad  cream-coloured 
stripe,  which  extends  to  the  base  of  the  mandibles.  The  thorax  ru- 
gose, with  large  punctures  on  the  metathorax  ;  the  anterior  and  inter- 
mediate legs  ferruginous,  the  coxae  of  the  latter  black ;  the  posterior 
tarsi  ferruginous.  Abdomen :  the  first  segment,  which  forms  the 
petiole,  transversely  striated ;  the  rest  of  the  abdomen  smooth  and 
shining ;  the  ovipositor  more  than  one-third  longer  than  the  body ; 
the  wings  hyahne,  the  nervures  black. 

Hab.  Waigiou. 

4.  Megischus  insidiator.  M.  niger,  capite  et  antennarum  basi 
rufis  ;  pedibus  anticis  et  intermediis  obscure  ferrugineis,  tarsis  poste- 
rioribus  palhde  rubris ;  alis  subhyalinis. 

Male.  Length  9  lines.  The  head  and  base  of  the  antennae  ferruginous  ; 
the  former  transversely  striated,  with  the  posterior  margin  of  the  ver- 
tex smooth  and  shining,  or  with  a  few  distant  punctures.  Thorax 
strongly,  but  not  closely  punctured ;  the  wings  fusco-hyaline ;  the 
anterior  and  intermediate  tibiae  rufo-testaceous,  with  the  femora  ob- 
scurely so  ;  the  posterior  femora  with  two  stout  teeth  beneath  and  six 
minute  ones  between  them  ;  the  posterior  tibiae,  at  their  apex,  and  the 
tarsi  pale  rufo-testaceous.  The  abdomen  elongate,  lanceolate  at  the 
apex,  and  entirely  smooth  and  shining. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

Fam.  ICHNEUMONIDJE,  Leach. 
Gen.  Cetptus,  Fab7\ 

1.  Cryptus  albopictus^  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  61.  3. 
Hab.  Mysol;  Makassar. 

2.  Cryptus  volatilis.  C.  ferrugineus,  antennis  nigris,  medio  albis; 
alis  hyalinis. 

Female.  Length  7  lines.  Ferruginous  ;  the  flagellum  black,  with  the 
seventh  and  five  following  joints  white ;  the  claw-joint  of  the  tarsi 
fuscous  ;  the  wings  hyaline,  the  nervures  fuscous,  the  costa  and  stigma 
ferruginous. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

3.  Cryptus  TARSATUS.  C.  ferrugineus,  antennis  tarsisque  nigris ;  alis 
hyalinis,  apice  fusco  fumatis. 

Male.  Length  6:5  lines.  Ferruginous,  inclining  to  ochraceous;  the 
thorax  beneath,  the  metathorax,  and  base  of  the  legs  pale  ochraceous ; 
the  flagellum,  posterior  tarsi,  and  the  apical  joints  of  the  anterior  and 


8  MB.  F.  SMITH  OK  HTMENOPTEROUS  IKSECTS 

intermediate  pair  black ;  the  wings  hyaline,  with  a  fuscous  cloud  be- 
yond the  base  of  the  marginal  cell. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

This  species  very  closely  resembles  the  C.  sicarius  from  Bachian :  it  is 
probably  the  male  of  that  insect. 

Gen.  Mesostenus,  Brulle. 

1.  Mesostenus  multipictus.  M.  niger,  capite  thoraceque  albo 
pictis ;  segmentis  abdominalibus  albo  marginatis ;  pedibus  nigro,  albo 
et  ferrugineo  lavatis ;  alis  hyalinis. 

Female.  Length  7  lines;  ovi])ositor 4Mines.  Black;  a  spot  on  the 
labrum,  an  irregular  transverse  line  on  the  face  at  the  insertion  of  the 
antennae,  a  line  on  the  cheeks,  and  another  behind  the  eyes  white ; 
the  seventh  and  four  following  joints  of  the  antennae  white.  An  ovate 
spot  on  the  disk  of  the  mesothorax,  the  tegulse,  scutellum,  a  spot  at 
the  base  and  apex  of  the  metathorax,  and  another  on  each  side  white; 
two  white  spots  beneath  the  wings  ;  the  legs  spotted  and  striped  with 
white  and  black,  also  coloured  with  ferruginous  tints.  The  abdomen 
annulated  with  white,  more  or  less  inclining  to  ochraceous  ;  some  of 
the  bands  attenuated  or  slightly  interrupted  in  the  middle  ;  the  wings 
hyaline. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

2.  Mesostenus  pulcherrimus.  M.  niger,  antennis  medio  albis ; 
capite  thoraceque  albo  punctatis ;  abdominis  fasciis  albis  ;  alis  hyalinis. 

Female.  Length  5^  lines.  Black  ;  two  angular  spots  on  the  vertex, 
uniting  in  front  of  the  ocelli,  and  five  joints  in  the  middle  of  the  an- 
tennae white.  Thorax  :  a  semicircular  spot  on  the  disk,  the  scutel- 
lum, the  spines  on  the  metathorax,  two  spots  on  the  sides,  the  anterior 
and  intermediate  coxae,  a  spot  on  the  posterior  pair,  the  trochanters, 
the  anterior  and  mtermediate  tibiae  outside,  the  base  of  the  posterior 
pair,  and  the  second  and  third  joints  of  the  intermediate  and  posterior 
tarsi  white ;  the  posterior  femora  with  a  fulvpus  stripe  outside,  and  a 
white  one  within  ;  the  anterior  femora  fulvous,  with  a  white  stripe 
beneath  ;  the  intermediate  pair  are  fulvous  above  and  black  beneath ; 
wings  hyaline  and  iridescent ;  the  nervures  black.  Abdomen  shining  ; 
all  the  segments,  except  the  fifth  and  six,  annulated  with  white  on 
their  posterior  margins ;  the  ovipositor  shorter  than  the  abdomen. 
Hab.  Waigiou. 

Gen.  PiMPLA,  Fahr. 

\.  Pimpla  braconoides.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  1/2.  2  (var.). 
Hab.  Mysol;  Key  Island. 

2.  Pimpla  arrogans.    P.  ferrugineo-lutea,  antennis  strigisque  tribus 

thoracis  nigris ;  alis  hyalinis,  apice  imimaculato. 
Female.     Length  9  lines  ;  of  ovipositor  4  lines.     Reddish  yellow,  pale 

beneath ;  the  face,  clypeus,  and  front  of  the  scape  yellow  ;  the  antenna 


or  MYSOL,  CEEAM,  WAIGIOU,  BOURU,  AND  TIMOE.  9 

black,  beneath  obscurely  rufo-fuscous ;  the  thorax  with  three  longi- 
tudinal black  stripes,  and,  as  well  as  the  abdomen,  closel}' punctured  ; 
the  apical  margins  of  the  latter  incrassate,  smooth,  and  shining ;  legs 
stout ;  femora  incrassate  ;  the  tips  of  the  claws  of  the  tarsi  black ; 
wings  hyaline,  with  a  dark  brown  macula  at  the  apex  of  the  marginal 
cell. 
Hab.  Ceram. 

3.  PiMPLA  APlCALis.  P.  flavo-rufa,  scapo  supra  nigro ;  alis  hyalinls  J 
abdominis  segraentis  duobus  apicalibus  nigris. 

Male.  Length  7  lines.  Reddish-yellow;  the  face  and  the  mandibles  yel- 
low ;  the  scape  above,  a  minute  spot  on  the  disk  of  the  thorax,  and 
the  two  apical  segments  of  the  abdomen  black ;  the  thorax  shining 
and  smooth ;  the  metathorax  with  a  semicircular  space  at  its  base 
enclosed  by  an  elevated  carina,  from  which  two  oblique  carinje  run 
on  each  side  to  a  lateral  carina,  which  extends  from  the  base  to  the 
apex.  Abdomen  closely  punctured,  each  segment  having  a  transverse 
curved  line ;  the  basal  segment  impunctate. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

4.  PiMPLA  INSIDIATOR.  P.  rufoflava,  abdomine  svipra  nigro,  seg- 
mentis  flavo  marginatis  ;  mesothorace  nigro  trivittato ;  alis  hyalinis, 
apice  cellulse  raarginalis  fusco  unimaculato. 

Female.  Length  6  lines  ;  of  the  ovi])Ositor  2^  lines.  Reddish  yellow  ] 
antennae  fuscous  above  and  ferruginous  beneath  ;  the  fice  testaceous 
yellow ;  a  spot  in  front  of  the  ocelli,  and  three  longitudinal  stripes 
on  the  thorax  black  ;  the  wings  hyaline,  with  a  dark  brown  macula 
at  the  apex  of  the  marginal  cell.  Abdomen  black  above,  the  basal 
and  apical  segments  reddish  3  ellovv,  the  apical  margins  of  all  the  seg- 
ments yellow  ;  the  pectus  black.  The  mule  differs  in  having  the  ab- 
domen reddish  yellow,  the  margins  pale,  with  the  base  of  the  third 
and  fourth  segments  black,  the  fifth  and  sixth  entirely  black,  and  the 
base  only  of  the  apical  one  black. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

5.  PiMPLA  DESTRUCTOR.  P.  rufo-flava,  antennis  tarsisque  et  abdo- 
minis segmentis  posterioribus  nigris,  marginibus  apicalibus  fasciis 
flavis ;  alis  hyalinis. 

Female.  Length  5  lines.  Reddish  yellow ;  the  face,  mandibles,  and 
cheeks  pale  yellow  ;  the  antenna?  black,  with  the  scape  yellow  in  front ; 
the  claws  of  the  anterior  tarsi,  the  claw-joint  of  the  intermediate  pair, 
and  the  tarsi  and  apex  of  the  posterior  tibia;  fuscous  ;  the  wings  hya- 
line, the  uervures  dark  brown ;  the  mesothorax  with  two  longitudinal 
pale  lines.  Abdomen  :  the  two  basal  segments  yellow,  the  rest  black, 
with  their  apical  margins  yellow. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

6.  PiMPLA  INCISA.  P.  nigra,  capite,  thorace  pedibusque  anticis  et 
intennediis  ferrugineis  ;  alis  nigro-fuscis. 


10  MB.  F.   SMITH  ON  HTMENOPTEEOUS  INSECTS 

Female.  Length  8  lines  ;  the  ovipositor  as  long  as  the  body.  The  head, 
scape  of  the  antennae,  thorax,  anterior  and  intermediate  legs  ferrugi- 
nous, smooth  and  shining ;  the  face  yellow  ;  the  flagellum  black  ;  the 
wings  dark  brown.  Abdomen  elongate,  attenuated  at  the  base  and 
apex  ;  the  margins  of  the  segments  deeply  constricted,  and  each  seg- 
ment, excepting  the  basal  and  two  apical  ones,  with  a  transverse  deeply 
impressed  curved  line  ;  rather  strongly  and  regularly  punctured. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

7.  PiMPLA  INIMICA.  p.  flavo-rufa,  antennis  tarsisqiie  posterioiibus 
nigris  ;  alis  hyalinis,  iridescentibus. 

Female.  Length  5  lines.  Yellowish  red  ;  the  antennae  black,  with  the 
scape  ferruginous ;  the  pectus  yellow ;  the  wings  hyaline,  with  a  yellow- 
ish tinge ;  the  nervures  ferruginous.  Abdomen  :  the  margins  of  the 
segments  paler  than  the  other  parts  ;  the  ovipositor  black. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

8.  PiMPLA  CAUDATA.  P.  lutca ;  antcnnis  supra  fuscis;  abdominis 
segmentis  utrinque  puncto  nigro ;  ovipositore  nigro. 

Female.  Length  4^  lines.  Pale  yellow,  the  abdomen  darkest;  the 
scape  yellow  in  front ;  the  flagellum  fulvous  beneath,  above  fuscous ; 
the  thorax  immaculate  ;  the  wings  hyaline,  with  the  nervures  black  ; 
the  legs  incrassate.  Abdomen  :  the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  segments 
with  a  minute  black  spot  on  each  side ;  the  seventh  with  a  minute  black 
transverse  spot  on  each  side,  at  the  basal  margin ;  the  ovipositor  black. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

Gen.  EnTSSA,  Grav. 

1.  Rhyssa  vestigator.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  1/4.  2. 
Hab.  Mysol;  Aru. 

2.  Rhyssa  viator.  R.  nigra,  capite  thoraceqne  flavo  variis,  abdo- 
mine  pedibusque  ferrugineis ;  alis  hyalinis,  macula  fusca  ad  apicem. 

Male.  Length  9i  lines.  Black ;  the  thorax  above  transversely  rugu- 
lose ;  the  face  and  orbits  of  the  eyes  yellow  ;  the  posterior  margin  of 
the  prothorax  and  a  spot  beneath  the  wings  yellow  ;  the  anterior  coxae 
yellow  beneath  ;  the  legs  ferruginous,  with  the  intermediate  and  pos- 
terior coxae,  the  posterior  femora,  and  the  intermediate  pair  above 
black ;  the  wings  hyaline ;  the  nervures  black,  with  a  narrow  brown 
stripe  crossing  at  the  middle  of  the  marginal  cell  and  terminating  in 
the  second  submarginal  cell.  Abdomen  smooth,  shining,  and  obscurely 
ferruginous,  becoming  black  at  the  base ;  the  apical  margins  of  the 
segments  bright  ferruginous. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

G-en.  Gltpta,  Grav. 

1.  Glypta  fracticornis.  G,  viridi-cyanea,  antennae  pedibusque 
albo  annulatis ;  alis  anticis  fascia  transversa  fusca. 


OF.MTSOL,  CEEAM,  WAIGIOU,  BOURU,  AND  TIMOE.  11 

Female.  Length  4|  lines.  Bright-green,  shining;  the  thorax  with 
rather  distant  jiunctures  on  the  disk ;  the  scutellura  and  metathorax 
more  strongly  jjunctured  ;  the  second  and  third  segments  with  oblique 
depressions,  the  first  and  second  punctured.  The  antennae,  from  the 
eleventh  to  the  seventeenth  joints,  white,  elbowed  at  the  eighteenth, 
and  from  thence  tapering  to  a  point.  The  anterior  legs,  trochanters, 
base  of  the  tibiae,  and  the  tarsi  white,  the  apical  joint  of  the  latter 
black;  the  wings  hyaUne ;  the  stigma  white,  the  apical  half  black; 
the  base  of  the  costal  nervures  white;  a  fuscous  line  runs  along  the 
apical  portion  of  the  externo-medial  cell ;  a  fuscous  stain  also  runs 
from  the  base  of  the  marginal  cell  nearly  across  the  anterior  wings  ; 
the  apical  mai-gins  of  the  third  and  seventh  segments  of  the  abdomen 
with  a  white  fascia.  The  male  differs  in  having  the  antennae  simple, 
the  wings  without  fasciae,  the  body  more  elongate,  and  the  abdomen 
without  white  marginal  fasciae. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

Fam.  BEACONID^,  Westw. 
Gen.  Beacon,  Fahr. 

1.  Bracon  occultator.  B.  rufescenti-flavus,  antennis  et  oviposi- 
tore  nigris ;  alis  fuscis,  macula  hyalina. 

Female.  Length  5  lines.  The  head,  thorax,  and  legs  of  a  clay-coloured 
yellow ;  the  abdomen  of  a  ferruginous  yellow ;  the  antennae  black, 
with  the  scape  yellow  ;  the  wings  dark  fuscous,  yellow  at  the  base, 
with  a  subhyaline  yellow  macula  beyond  the  stigma,  the  nervures 
testaceous,  with  the  stigma  black.  The  first  segment  of  the  abdomen 
with  a  deep  channel  on  each  side ;  the  second  and  third  segments 
with  a  central  longitudinal  carina ;  the  second  has  besides  this  a  lateral 
abbreviated  carina  on  each  side  at  its  base,  and  is  also  irregularly  lon- 
gitudinally striated ;  the  basal  half  of  the  third  segment  is  also  striated ; 
the  ovipositor  black  and  as  long  as  the  thorax  and  abdomen. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

2.  Bracon  penetrator.  B.  niger,  capite,  thorace  pedibusque  an- 
ticis  et  intermediis  ferrugineis ;  alis  nigro-fuscis,  macula  hyalina. 

Female.  Length  6  lines.  The  head,  thorax,  anterior  and  intermediate 
legs  ferruginous  ;  the  head  has  a  yellowish  tinge  ;  the  antennae  black, 
with  the  scape  yellow  ;  wings  dark  brown,  with  a  small  hyaline  ma- 
cula beyond  the  discoidal  cells,  their  extreme  base  reddish  yellow ; 
the  posterior  legs  have  the  coxae,  trochanters,  and  knees  ferruginous. 
The  first  segment  of  the  abdomen  with  a  deep  longitudinal  channel 
on  each  side,  and  a  central  carina;  the  second  segment  coarsely  and 
irregularly  striated  at  the  base,  and  a  longitudinal  channel  at  the  la- 
teral margins. 

Hab.  Mysol. 


12  MR.  F.   SMITH  ON  HTMENOPTEROUS  INSECTS 

Geu.  Agathis,  Latr. 

1.  Agathis  DECEPTOR.  .4.  ferruginea,  abdomine  longitudinaliter  stri- 
ate, apice  iiigro  ;  alis  flavo-hyalinis,  apice  late  fuscis. 

Female.  Length  6  lines.  Ferruginous  ;  the  eyes,  antennae,  and  two 
apical  segments  of  the  abdomen  black ;  the  first,  second,  and  third 
segments  of  the  abdomen  strongly  and  evenly  grooved  or  striated  lon- 
gitudinally; the  ovipositor  ferruginous,  the  valves  black;  the  wings 
yellow-hyaline,  with  a  broad,  dark  fuscous  apical  border. 

Hub.  Ceram. 

2.  Agathis  FLAViPENNis.  ^.  ferruginea, abdominis  segmentis  supra 
longitudinaliter  striatis ;  alis  flavo-hyahnis,  fusco  maculatis. 

Female.  Length  5i  lines.  Ferruginous ;  the  face,  anterior  legs,  and 
the  intermediate  coxae  paler  than  the  body  ;  the  four  basal  segments 
of  the  abdomen  longitudiuallj'  striated ;  the  ovipositor  ferruginous, 
with  the  valves  black ;  the  wings  yellow,  their  apical  mai'gins  slightly 
fuscous,  with  an  ovate  brown  macula  beneath  the  stigma. 

Hah.  Ceram, 

Gen.  CENOCffiLiirs,  Haliday. 

1.  Cenoccelius  insidiator.  C.  capite,  thorace.  pedibus  auterioribus 
et  intermediis  ferrugineis ;  alis  fuscis  ;  metathorace  pube  cinerea  tecto ; 
abdomine  nitide  nigro. 

Female.  Length  4J  lines.  Head  and  thorax  ferruginous,  the  former 
subquadrate,  wider  than  the  thorax,  smooth  and  shining ;  the  antennae 
black ;  the  face  thinly  covered  with  white  pubescence.  Thorax  rough 
and  pubescent ;  the  scutellum  smooth,  shining,  and  elevated ;  the  me- 
tathorax black,  and  densely  covered  with  white  pubescence;  the  wings 
dark  brown,  with  the  nervures  black  ;  the  anterior  and  intermediate 
legs  red,  the  posterior  pair  black.  Abdomen  black,  smooth,  shining, 
and  impuuctate ;  the  basal  segment  with  a  short  petiole  and  a  deep 
impression  on  each  side  at  its  apical  margin  above. 

Hah.  Mvsol. 

Pain.  FOEMICID^,  Leach. 

Gen.  PoEMiCA,  Lifin. 

1.  Formica  coxalis,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  136.  5. 
Hab.  Waigiou  ;  Aru  ;    Mysol. 

2.  Formica  fragilis.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  136.  3. 
Hab.  Waigiou ;  Aru. 

3.  Formica  circumspecta.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  vi.  37.  4. 
Hab.  Waigiou ;    Celebes. 

4.  Formica  quadriceps.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  137.  9. 
Hab.  Ceram  ;  Aru. 

5.  Formica  pallida.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  ii.  57-  19. 
Hab.  MartabcUo  ;  Timor  :  Rachian  ;  Borneo ;  Sumatra. 


OE  MTSOL,  CERAM,  WATQIOU,  BOURU,  AND  TIMOR.  13 

6.  Formica  nitida,  S7nith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  138.  11. 
Hab.  Mysol ;  Am. 

7.  Formica  pavida,  Proc.  Linn.  Soe,  v.  96.  9. 
Hab.  Mysol;  Bachian. 

8.  Formica  laevissima.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  138.   10. 
Hab.  M'^aigiou  ;  Aru  ;  Bachian. 

9.  Formica  longiceps.  F.  nigra,  sparse  griseo  pilosa ;  capite  ob- 
longo,  anteunis  tarsisque  rufo-testaceis ;  thorace  postice  attenuato  ;  ab- 
dominis squamula  incrassata,  supra  rotundata. 

Worker.  Length  3  lines.  Black,  and  thinly  covered  with  a  short  gri- 
seous  pile ;  the  head  oblong-quadrate,  slightly  narrowed  anteriorly ;  the 
mandibles  short,  very  stout,  and  denticulate  on  their  inner  margin ; 
the  antenuse  ferruginous,  with  the  apical  half  of  the  scape  black ;  the 
front  with  a  slightly  impressed  line  down  the  centre.  Thorax  ob- 
long, narrowed  posteriorly,  and  slightly  compressed ;  the  prothorax 
rounded  in  front,  its  posterior  margin  slightly  constricted  ;  the  articu- 
lations of  the  legs  and  the  tarsi  rufo-testaceous.  Abdomen  ovate,  the 
posterior  luargins  of  the  segments  narrowly  pale  testaceous ;  the 
node  of  the  peduncle  thick  but  narrow,  with  its  upper  margin  rounded. 

Hab.  Waigiou. 


*&■ 


Gen.  PoLTEtiACHis,  Smith. 

1 .  Polyrhachis  sexspinosus,  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  Fourm.  p.  126,  pi.  4.  f.  21  ^  . 
Hab.  Waigiou ;  Aru ;  Philippines  ;  India  j  Mysol. 

2.  Polyrhachis  Ithonus,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  99.   10. 
Hab.  Waigiou  ;  Bachian ;  Mysol. 

3.  Polyrhachis  bihamatus,  Drury,  Ins.  ii.  pi.  38.  f.  />  8  ^  . 
Hab.  Waigiou  ;  Celebes ;  Bachian ;  Ceram  ;  Borneo ;  India. 

4.  Polyrhachis  marginatus.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  139.  3. 
Hab.  Waigiou  ;  Bachian  ;  Philippines  ;  India. 

5.  Polyrhachis  Diaphantus,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  vL  40.  14. 
Hab.  Ceram;  Celebes. 

6.  Polyrhachis  scutellatus,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  140.  7- 
Hab.  Ceram;  Aru. 

7 .  Polyrhachis  rugifrons,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  /O.  3. 
Hab.  Ceram ;  Celebes. 

8.  Polyrhachis  dives.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  ii.  64.  19. 
Hab.  Ceram  ;  Malacca  ;  Bachian. 

9.  Polyrhachis  rufofemoratus.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  142.  14. 
Hab.  Ceram;  Aru;  Waigiou. 

10.  Polyrhachis  Busiris,  Smith.  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  98.  7. 
Hab.  Ceram ;  Bouru ;  Waigiou  ;  Celebes ;  Bachian. 


14  MR.  r.   SMITH  ON  HTMEKOPTEEOUS  INSECTS 

11.  Polyihachis  seiicatus,  Guer.  Voy.  Coq.  Zool.  ii.  203;  Atlas  Ins. 
pi.  8.  f.  2,  2  a,  b,  c,d,^. 

Hab.  Maitabello  ;  Waigiou  ;  Am  ;  New  Hebrides  ;  Mysol. 

12.  Polyrhachis  "Valerus,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  vi.  40.   12. 
Hab.  Waigiou  ;  Celebes  (Tondano). 

13.  Polyi-hachis  serratus.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  140.  6. 
Hab.  Waigiou;  Aru. 

14.  Polyrhachis  Orsyllus,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  vi.  39.  8. 
Hab.  Ceram  ;  Celebes  (Tondano). 

15.  Polyrhachis  sculpturatus,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  70.  4. 
Hab.  Timor;  Celebes. 

16.  Polyrhachis  Acasta,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  100.  14. 
Hab.  Bouru;  Bachian. 

17.  Polyrhachis  Dolomedes.  P.  niger,  capita  thoraceque  sub- 
opacis;  abdomine  nitido;  thorace  inermi ;  pedibus  ferrugineis;  abdo- 
minis squamula  spiuis  duabus  acutis  armata. 

Female.  Length  3;^  lines.  Black,  the  front  very  prominent ;  the  ridges 
under  which  the  antennae  are  inserted  much  elevated;  the  extreme 
base  and  apex  of  the  scape,  the  apex  of  the  five  basal  joints  of  the 
flagellum,  and  the  following  ones  entirely  ferruginous ;  the  mandibles 
ferruginous.  Thorax  oblong-ovate  ;  the metathorax  truncate  behind; 
the  lateral  angles  of  the  verge  of  the  truncation  acute,  or  subdentate ; 
the  legs  obscure  ferruginous,  their  articulations  pale.  Abdomen  glo- 
bose, shining  and  slightly  sericeous ;  the  node  of  the  peduncle  armed 
above  with  two  short,  stout,  acute  spines. 

Worker.  Length  2-i-  lines.  Altogether  more  shining  and  smoother  than 
the  female ;  the  front  very  prominent ;  the  antennjie  and  legs  pale 
ferruginous ;  the  base  of  the  abdomen  obscurely  fen-uginous ;  the 
thorax  compressed ;  the  meso-  and  metathorax  flattened  above. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

Mr.  Wallace  says,  "  Nest  on  a  leaf,  small,  oval,  and  of  papery  texture." 

18.  Polyrhachis  Trophimus.  P.  niger,  capite  thoraceque longitudi- 
naliter  striatis  ;  metathorace  petiolique  squamula  bispinosis  ;  pedibus 
obscure  ferrugineis. 

Worker.  Length  2  lines.  Black ;  the  head  shining  and  finely  striated 
longitudinally.  Thorax  flattened  above  and  longitudinally  striated, 
slightly  shining ;  the  suture  between  the  meso-  and  metathorax  strongly 
impressed ;  the  metathorax  with  two  slightly  elevated  acute  spines, 
those  on  the  peduncle  are  longer,  stouter,  and  curve  to  the  shape  of 
the  sides  of  the  abdomen ;  the  legs  dark  ferruginous.  Abdomen 
globose,  smooth,  and  shining. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

19.  Polyrhachis  Alpheus.       P.  niger,  capite  thoraceque  minute 


or  MYSOL,  CERAM,  WAIQIOU,  BOUEU,  AND  TIMOll.  15 

verrucatis ;  thorace  spinis  iluabus  minutis  antice  armato ;  abdominis 
squamula  supra  bispinosa  ;  pedibus  ferrugineis. 

Worker.  Length  3  lines.  Black;  head  and  thorax  minutely  and  finely 
rugose  ;  the  head  very  prominent  in  front ;  the  mandibles  and  antenna? 
ferruginous,  the  scape  more  or  less  fuscous  above.  Thorax  above  and 
at  the  sides  flat,  the  anterior  angles  with  a  short  acute  tooth  ;  the 
legs  ferruginous,  the  anterior  coxte  black.  The  abdomen  globular, 
smooth,  and  shining,  with  the  base  castaneous  ;  the  node  of  the  pedun- 
cle armed  with  two  long,  acute,  curved  spines,  which  incline  slightly 
towards  the  abdomen. 

Hab,  Waigiou. 

20.  PoLYRHACHis  BuBASTES.  P.  uigcr,  capite  rugoso;  thorace  spi- 
nis duabus  acutis  antice  et  postice  armato ;  squama  bispinosa ;  pedi- 
bus obscure  ferrugineis. 

Female.  Length  5\  lines.  Black,  thinly  sprinkled  with  erect  hairs;  the 
abdomen  covered  with  ashy,  silky  pubescence  ;  the  legs  dark  ferrugi- 
nous. The  head  very  coarsely  rugose,  much  narrowed  behind  the  eyes, 
with  the  posterior  lateral  angles  produced  and  forming  curved  flattened 
processes  or  spines.  The  thorax  elongate,  widest  in  the  middle, 
rugose,  but  much  more  finely  so  than  the  head  ;  the  spines  in  front 
short,  curved,  stout,  and  acute;  the  posterior  pair  are  of  the  same 
form ;  the  legs  obscurely  ferruginous ;  the  scale  of  the  abdomen  in- 
crassate,  rugose,  and  armed  with  two  short  acute  spines  behind. 
Worker.  This  sex  only  dift^ers  in  the  form  of  the  thorax,  which  is  oblong, 
the  sides  straight  and  gradually  narrowed  slightly  posteriorly;  the 
sculpture  on  the  thorax  stronger  than  in  the  female. 
Hab.  Waigiou. 

This  species  closely  resembles  the  P.  sescspinosus,  but  diff'ers  too  much 
to  be  regarded  as  a  variety  of  that  species ;  the  form  of  the  head  is 
very  different,  being  more  narrowed  behind  the  eyes,  the  sides  being 
straight ;  the  short,  thick,  curved  spines  on  the  thorax  also  distinguish  it 
from  P.  sexpinosus. 

21.  PoLYRHACHis  PAROMALUS.  P.  niger,  Isevis  nitidusque,  thorace 
spinis  duabus  acutis  postice  armato ;  pedibus  obscure  ferrugineis  ; 
squama  spinis  duabus  acutis  curvatis. 

Worker.  Length  3  lines.  Jet-black,  smooth  and  shining ;  the  man- 
dibles ferruginous  ;  the  extreme  base  and  apex  of  the  antennae  rufo- 
piceous ;  the  head  much  narrowed  behind  the  eyes,  which  are  round 
and  prominent ;  the  front  of  the  head  very  convex.  Thorax  :  on  each 
side  in  front  a  minute  tooth  or  tubercle  ;  armed  posteriorly  with  two 
long,  bent,  acute  spines,  directed  backwards  ;  the  metathorax  oblique ; 
the  legs  long  and  obscurely  ferruginous.  Abdomen  :  the  node  of  the 
peduncle  with  two  long,  bent,  acute  spines  directed  backwards  above 
the  base  of  the  abdomen ;  the  latter  smooth,  shining,  and  globose. 

Hab.  Ceram. 


16  MR.  F.  SMITH  ON  HYMENOPTEEOUS  IXSECTS 

Mr.  Wallace,  in  a  note,  says,  "  ?s  est  on  a  tree,  consisting  of  two  small 
cells  of  soft  papery  matter,  about  one  inch  in  diameter ;  each  with  one 
opening." 

22.  PoLYRHACHis  XiPHiAS.  P.  niger,  laevis  nitidusque,  metatho- 
race  petiolique  squamula.  bispinosis. 

Female.  Length  4^  lines.  Black  ;  the  head  subquadrate,  the  front 
very  convex,  smooth  and  shining ;  the  flagellum  pale  ferruginous, 
with  two  or  three  of  the  basal  joints  fuscous  above.  Thorax  ovate ; 
the  metathorax  truncate,  and  armed  with  two  short  acute  spines  ;  the 
legs  obscure  ferruginous,  with  the  articulations  palest,  the  trochanters' 
very  pale ;  wings  opake,  the  nervm-es  rufo-testaceous,  the  stigma 
fuscous.  Abdomen  globose,  smooth  and  shining ;  the  peduncle  with 
two  short  acute  spines,  directed  backwards,  and  slightly  curved. 

Hah.  Waigiou. 

23.  PoLYRHACHis  EuRYALUS.  P.  niger,  Isevis,  nitidus,  thorace  in- 
ermi ;  petioli  squamula  quadrispinosa. 

Worker.  Length  2^  lines.  Black,  smooth  and  shining ;  the  thorax 
rounded  above,  not  spined ;  the  outline,  when  viewed  laterally,  semi- 
circular ;  the  legs  obscure  ferruginous.  Abdomen  globose  ;  the  node 
of  the  peduncle  with  four  spines,  the  two  inner  ones  shorter  than  the 
lateral  pair,  but  all  short  and  acute. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

24.  PoLYRHACHis  DoLOMEDES.  P.  niger,  thorace  supra  deplanato  ; 
abdominis  squama  spinis  duabus  curvatis  armata  ;  abdomine  nitido  ; 
pedibus  obscure  ferrugineis  ;  flagello  flavo-testaceo. 

Worker.  Length  3  lines.  Black  ;  the  head  and  thorax  subopake  ;  the 
abdomen  smooth  and  shining ;  the  flagellum  testaceous  yellow,  or 
pale  ferruginous  ;  the  legs  dark  ferruginous.  The  thorax  flattened 
above,  the  anterior  angle  acute,  or  produced  into  short  acute  teeth ; 
the  metathorax  unarmed  ;  the  front  of  the  head  very  prominent.  The 
abdomen  globose ;  the  node  of  the  peduncle  with  two  long  acute 
spines,  which  are  divergent  and  curve  backwards  to  the  shape  of  the 
base  of  the  abdomen. 

Hab.  Waigiou. 

This  species  may  very  probably  prove  to  be  the  worker  of  Polyrhachis 
Xiphias. 

25.  Polyrhachis  Sparaxes.  P.  niger,  capite  thoraceque  subopacis  ; 
thorace  inermi ;  abdominis  squamula  trispinosa;  alis  subhyalinis,  ner- 
vuris  pallide  testaceis. 

Female.  Length  3  lines.  Black  ;  the  head  and  thorax  finely  rugose  and 
subopake ;  the  abdomen  globose  and  shining ;  the  extreme  apex 
of  the  flagellum  pale  rufo-testaceous ;  the  angles  of  the  prothorax 
acute;  the  wings  yellow,  with  the  nervures  pale  testaceous;  the  node 
of  the  peduncle  with  three  acute  spines,  erect,  and  of  equal  length ; 
the  abdomen  slightly  sericeous. 

Hab.  Mysol. 


OF  MYSOL,  CERAM,  WAIGIOU,  BOURU,  AND  TIMOB.  17 

This  is  very  distinct  from  P.  trispinosus,  which  is  much  larger  and  has 
the  anterior  angles  of  the  thorax  rounded ;  the  spines  on  the  node  of  the 
peduncle  are  shorter,  and  the  central  one  shorter  than  the  others. 

26.  PoLYRHACHis  NiGRiCEPS.  P.  ferrugineus,  nitidus,  capite  nigro  ; 
thorace  spinis  duabus  acutis  antice  et  postice  armato. 

Worker.  Length  4  lines.  Smooth,  shining,  and  impunctate  ;  the  head 
oblong,  the  eyes  prominent  and  placed  backwards;  the  mandibles 
stout,  obscurely  ferruginous,  and  quadridentate  at  the  apex ;  the  ridges 
on  the  front,  at  the  sides  of  which  the  antennae  are  inserted,  much 
elevated,  and  with  a  less  elevated  ridge  between  them  ;  the  antennae 
ferruginous.  Thorax  elongate  as  in  P.  sexspinosus,  with  two  acute 
teeth  in  front  diverging  outwards,  and  two  suberect  ones  behind ; 
the  legs  elongate,  paler  than  the  thorax.  Abdomen  paler  than  the 
head  and  thorax,  the  node  of  the  peduncle  incrassate,  somewhat 
wedge-shaped  above. 

Hab.  Waigiou. 

27.  PoLYRHACHis  Paxillus.  P.  niger ;  thorace  supra  deplanato, 
metathorace  et  pedunculo  spinis  duabus  longis  acutis  armatis ;  pedibus 
ferrugineis . 

Worker.  Length  3|  lines.  Black  ;  the  head  and  thorax  finely  sha- 
greened  ;  the  mandibles  ferruginous,  but  obscure,  finely  striated  ;  the 
flagellum  fusco-ferruginous ;  the  extreme  base  of  the  scape  bright 
ferruginous.  Thorax  oblong,  narrowed  behind,  flattened  above  and 
at  the  sides,  the  lateral  margins  raised,  particularly  those  of  the  pro- 
thorax  in  front ;  the  metathorax  has  two  long,  slightly  bent,  acute 
spines  directed  backwards  over  the  node  of  the  peduncle,  which  has 
also  two  acute  spines  directed  backwards;  the  legs  ferruginous. 
Abdomen  globose,  smooth  and  shining,  with  a  fine  silky  fulvous 
pile  which  changes  colour  in  difl'erent  lights. 

Hab.  Martabello. 

Gren.  (EcoPHTLLA,  Smith. 

1.  (Ecophylla  smaragdina.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  102. 1.     (Formica 

smaragdina,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  397.  4.) 
Hab.  Mysol ;  Timor ;  Waigiou ;  Gilolo  ;  Bachian  ;  Dory ;  Aru ;  Borneo  ; 

Philippines ;  Java ;  India. 

Fam.  PONEEIDtE,  Smith. 
G-en.  PoNERA,  Latr. 

1.  Ponera  parallela.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  143.  3. 
Hab.  Waigiou ;  Aru ;  Celebes ;  Mysol. 

2.  Ponera  laeviceps,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  ii.  69.  13. 
Hab.  Waigiou ;  Celebes  ;  Bachian  ;  Borneo. 

3.  Ponera  cuprea.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  104.  6. 
Hab.  Ceram ;  Dory. 

LINN.  PEOC. — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  VII.  2 


18  MR.  F.  SMITH  ON  HTMENOPTEROU8  INSECTS 

4.  PoNERA  PURPUREA.  P.  purpureo-cserulca ;  capitc,  thotacc  abilomi- 
nisque  basi  profunde  striatis ;  abdominis  nodo  incrassato,  supra  spinis 
duabus  parvis  armato. 

Worker.  Length  4  lines.  Purple-blue,  the  antennae  and  legs  fusco- 
ferruginous ;  the  second  and  following  segments  of  the  abdomen  black, 
with  the  margins  of  the  segments  rufo-piceous.  The  head  evenly, 
strongly,  and  longitudinally  striated  ;  the  striation  on  the  prothorax  is 
strong,  transverse,  and  curved ;  that  on  the  thorax  behind  is  also  trans- 
verse and  runs  obliquely  forwards  at  the  sides  ;  the  striae  on  the  pe- 
duncle run  round  it,  being  circular ;  on  the  first  segment  of  the  ab- 
domen, in  the  centre  of  its  apical  margin,  is  a  minute  curved  stria  in 
the  form  of  a  horse-shoe,  round  which  passes  a  second,  and  so  on, 
each  successive  stria  being  an  enlarged  form  of  the  preceding;  the 
second  and  following  segments  with  a  silky  texture. 

Hab.  Gilolo. 

5.  PoNERA  TORTUOLOSA.  P.  aeueo-nigra ;  capite,  thorace  abdominis- 
que  basi  striatis ;  nodo  spinis  duabus  acutis  armato.  {Operaria.) — P. 
nitida,  nigra ;  capite  longitudinaliter  striato  ;  thorace  profunde  punc- 
tato.  {Fcemina.) 

Worker.  Length  5  lines.  Obscurely  nigro-feneous,  covered  with  a 
short  yellowish  downy  pile,  and  sprinkled  with  longer  cinereous  hair ; 
the  head  strongly  striated,  the  striae  radiating  as  it  were  from  the 
middle  of  the  face  and  running  obliquely  to  the  sides  of  the  head ; 
down  the  cheeks  the  striae  are  longitudinal ;  the  mandibles  obscure 
rufo-piceous.  Thorax  :  the  striae  on  the  prothorax  are  transverse  and 
curved,  behind  which  they  are  oblique,  running  from  the  middle  for- 
wards down  the  sides ;  the  peduncle  is  incrassate,  rounded  in  front  and 
truncate  behind,  the  striae  running  round,  above  armed  with  two  acute 
spines.  The  first  node  of  the  abdomen  has  a  curved  striation  much 
more  delicate  than  that  on  the  thorax ;  the  following  segments  not 
striated,  with  their  apical  margins  rufo-piceous ;  the  legs  dark  fusco- 
ferruginous. 

Female.  The  same  size  as  the  worker,  shining,  the  head  longitudinally 
striated,  the  thorax  with  large  scattered  punctures  ;  the  abdomen  im- 
punctate,  with  the  margins  of  the  segments  rufo-piceous  ;  wings  slightly 
fuscous,  the  nervures  black,  with  a  dark  fuscous  cloud  in  the  mar- 
ginal cell ;  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  ferruginous  as  well  as  the  mandibles 
and  antennae. 

Hab.  Ceram ;  Bourn. 

The  sexes  were  identified  bv  Mr.  Wallace. 


Gen.  Ambltopone,  Erichs. 

1.  Ambh'opone  castaneus.  Smith,  Proc.lAnn.  Soc.  v.  105.  1. 
Hab.  Ceram ;   Bachian. 


or  MYSOL,  CERAM,  WAIGIOU,  BOURU,  AND  TIMOR.  19 

Gen.  EcTATOMMA,  Smith. 

1.  Ectatomma  rugosa,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iv.  143.  1. 
Hab.  Ceram ;  Aru. 

Gren.  Odontomachus,  Latr. 

1.  Odontomachus  siraillimus.  Smith,  Cat.  Form.  p.  80.  11  ;  Proc.  Linn. 
Soc.  iv.  144. 1. 

Hab.  Waigiou;  Ceram;  Aru;  Ceylon;  Goram. 

2.  Odontomachus  tyrannicus,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  vi.  44.  3. 
Hab.  Waigiou  ;  i^ju  ;  Mysol ;  Celebes. 

3.  Odontomachus  malignus,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  144.  3. 
Hab.  Ceram  ;  Aru  ;  Mysol. 

4.  Odontomachus  nigriceps,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  103.  3. 
Hab.  Mysol;  New  Guinea  (Dory). 

5.  Odontomachus  CEPHALOTES.  O.  ferrugineus,  capite  abdomineque 
longitudinaliter  striatis;  thorace  oblongo,  transversim  striato. 

Worker.  Length  5^  lines.  Ferruginous ;  the  head  and  abdomen,  or 
sometimes  the  entire  insect,  more  or  less  fuscous,  the  antennae  and 
legs  pale  ferruginous ;  the  mandibles  tridentate  at  the  apex,  the  inner 
and  outer  teeth,  particularly  the  former,  blunt  at  their  apex ;  their 
inner  margin  without  teeth ;  the  head  large,  oblong-quadrate,  finely 
striated  longitudinally,  and  having  a  glossy  silky  appearance.  The 
thorax  and  node  of  the  abdomen  finely  striated  transversely.  The 
abdomen  striated  transversely  at  the  base,  the  striae  curving  at  the 
sides  and  then  running  in  a  longitudinal  direction  to  the  apex. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

6.  Odontomachus  aciculatus.  O.  fusco-ferrugineus  ;  capite  supra 
longitudinaliter  striato,  thorace  abdomineque  transversim  striatis. 

Worker.  Length  5i  lines.  Blackish  brown,  with  the  antennae,  legs, 
and  mandibles  ferruginous ;  the  head  posteriorly  and  the  node  of  the 
peduncle  reddish  brown ;  the  mandibles  tridentate  at  the  apex,  their 
inner  margin  serrated.  The  face  longitudinally  striated ;  the  sides 
of  the  head  behind  the  eyes  obliquely  striated,  the  striation  much 
finer  than  that  on  the  face.  Thorax :  the  prothorax  with  a  circular 
striation,  behind  which  it  is  transverse.  The  node  of  the  peduncle 
transversely  striated,  terminating  above  in  one  acute  spine  ;  the  ab- 
domen transversely  and  finely  aciculate. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

G-en.  PoDOMTRMA,  Smith. 

1.  Podomyrma  basalis.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  147-  4. 

Hab.  Mysol ;  Bouru  ;  Amboyna  ;  Aru ;  Dory. 

The  specimens  from  Mysol  consist  of  a  worker  and  a  female :  the  latter 

2* 


20  MB.  F.  SMITH  ON  HTMENOPTEHOUS  I>SECTS 

differs  from  the  former  in  having  the  thorax  oblong-ovate,  with  a  few  striae 
down  the  middle,  leaving  the  sides  smooth  ;  the  striae  do  not  extend  beyond 
the  scutellum,  the  metathorax  being  smooth  and  shining ;  the  first  node 
of  the  peduncle  is  oblong,  slightly  curving  downwards,  and  not  toothed 
either  above  or  beneath  ;  the  second  node  is  globose  and  longitudinally 
striated.  Abdomen  oblong-ovate,  pale  ferruginous  or  rather  clay-coloured ; 
the  apical  margin  of  the  first  segment  with  a  broad  black  band,  which  is 
toothed  in  the  middle ;  the  second  segment  has  a  narrower  band. 

2.  PoDOMYRMA  L^vissiMA.  P.  nigro-fcrruginca ;  thorace  abdomine- 
que  Isevissimis  lucidisque  ;  capite  delicatule  punctate  ;  femoribus  me- 
dio valde  incrassatis,  basi  tenuissimis. 

Worker.  Length  2|  lines.  Dark  castaneous,  nearly  black,  with  the 
mandibles,  abdomen  at  the  base,  and  the  legs  in  parts  obscure  ferru- 
ginous, the  mandibles  palest ;  the  head  obloug-quadrate,  with  the 
augles  rounded,  delicately  striated  between  the  antennae,  and  very 
finely  punctured  behind  their  insertion.  Thorax  deeply  strangulated 
in  the  middle,  the  anterior  angles  produced  and  acute. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

3.  PoDOMYRMA  RUFicEPS.  P.  fusco-fcrruginea ;  capite  rubro  ;  capite 
thoraceque  longitudinaliter  striatim  rugulosis  ;  femoribus  medio  valde 
incrassatis,  basi  tenuissimis;  pedibus  abdomineque  laevissimis  luci- 
disque. 

Worker.  Length  4  lines.  Head  ferruginous,  the  antennae  and  teeth  of 
the  mandibles  black  ;  the  thorax,  abdomen,  and  legs  dark  fusco-ferru- 
ginous ;  the  head,  thorax,  and  nodes  of  the  petiole  coarsely  and  longi- 
tudinally rugose,  on  the  disk  of  the  thorax  running  into  irregular  coarse 
striae ;  on  each  side  of  the  thorax  in  front  is  a  stout  blunt  spine  ;  the 
metathorax  has  two  short  teeth  or  spines,  and  the  first  node  of  the  ab- 
domen has  a  tooth  in  the  middle  above,  and  another  at  the  base  be- 
neath. The  abdomen  is  oblong-ovate,  and  pointed  at  the  apex ;  the 
legs  smooth  and  shining,  with  the  femora  much  swollen  in  the  middle ; 
the  antennae,  thorax,  abdomen,  and  legs  thinly  sprinkled  with  erect 
pale  hairs. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

Gen.  PsEUDOMTRMA,  Guer. 

1.  Pseudomyrma  laeviceps.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  145.  \. 
Hab.  Ceram  ;  Dory  ;  Aru ;  Waigiou. 

2.  Pseudomyrma  carbonaria.  P.  aterrima, laevis,  nitida;  antennis, 
mandibulis,  tibiis  tarsisque  rufo-testaceis. 

Worker.  Length  2  lines.  Jet-black,  smooth  and  shining;  the  eyes 
large,  oblong-ovate,  occupying  a  considerable  portion  of  the  sides  of 
the  head;  the  antennae  and  mandibles  rufo-testaceous.  Thorax  ob- 
long, widest  in  front,  the  divisions  strongly  impressed  ;  the  tibiae  and 


or  MYSOL,  CEEAM,  WAIOIOU,  BOUEU,  AKD  TIMOR.  21 

tarsi  rufo-testaceous.     Abdomen  oblong-ovate,  the  petiole  of  the  first 

node  short ;  the  second  node  wider  than  the  first,  subglobose. 
Female.     Resembles  the  worker,  but  with  the  head  longer,  the  sides 

more  parallel,  and  having  three  ocelli  on  the  vertex  ;  the  legs  ai'e  rather 

darker;  in  other  respects  both  sexes  are  ahke. 
Hub.  Bourn. 

Gen.  Mtrmica,  Latr. 

1 .  Myrmica  poneroides.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  1(>7.  -• 
Hab.  Ceram  ;  Bouru  ;  Bachian. 

2.  Myrmica  incerta.  M.  nigra,  capite  ferrugineo ;  capite  thorace- 
que  longitudinaliter  striatis  ;  metathorace  bispinoso. 

Female.  Length  2f  lines.  Head  ferruginous ;  the  thorax  and  abdomen 
black,  the  former  obscurely  ferruginous  on  the  disk  ;  the  legs  rufo- 
fuscous,  with  the  anterior  tibiae  and  all  the  tarsi  palest ;  the  flagellum 
pale  ferruginous.  The  head  heart-shaped,  and,  as  well  as  the  thorax, 
longitudinally  striated ;  the  thorax  short  and  rounded,  posteriorly 
armed  with  two  short  acute  spines.  Abdomen  rounded,  truncate  at 
the  base,  and  covered  with  a  fine  silky  pubescence ;  the  first  node  of 
the  abdomen  small  and  compressed,  the  second  transverse  and  more 
than  twice  the  width  of  the  first. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

This  species  is  probably  not  a  true  Myrmica ;  it  has  exactly  the  appear- 
ance of  a  small  CEcodoma ;  it  may  be  a  female  of  Crematogaster. 

3.  Myrmica  mcesta.  M.  fusco-nigra,  nitida  ;  mandibulis,  antennis 
pedibusque  rufo-ferrugineis ;  metathorace  mutico. 

Worker.  Length  2  lines.  Blackish  brown,  shining ;  the  anterior  mar- 
gin of  the  head,  the  mandibles  and  antennae  rufo-ferruginous ;  the  head 
finely  striated  longitudinally.  Thorax  delicately  striated  and  with 
scattered  punctures ;  the  legs  rufo-ferruginous.  Abdomen  smooth 
and  shining,  the  nodes  globose. 

Hab.  Martabello. 

4.  Myrmica  umbripexnis.  M.  rufo-ferruginea,  nitida;  capite  tho- 
raceque  sparse  punctatis,  alis  nigro-fuscis. 

Female.  Length  2|  lines.  Bright  rufo-ferruginous,  smooth  and  shining ; 
the  head  with  a  few  fine,  distant  pimctures.  Thorax  short,  ovate,  and 
with  a  few  strong,  distant  punctures ;  the  wings  dark  brown  ;  the 
metathorax  subdentate.  Abdomen  ovate,  the  nodes  of  the  peduncle 
subovate,  smooth  and  shining. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

Fam.  ATTID.^,  Smith. 

Gen.  SoiENOPSis,  Westio. 

1.  Solenopsis  ceplialotes.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  113.  1. 
Hab.  Ceram  ;  Aru  ;  Celebes. 


22  ME.  r.  SMITH  ON  HTMENOPTEEOUS  INSECTS 

2.  Solenopsis  laboriosa,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  vi.  48.  2. 
Hab.  Waigiou  ;  Celebes  (Tondano). 

3.  Solenopsis  calida.  S.  fusco-ferruginea ;  capita  oblongo-ovato, 
longitudinaliter  striato,  postice  transverse  striate  ;  abdomine  oblongo, 
nitido ;  pedibus  ferrugineis. 

Female.  Length  7  lines.  Dark  brown^,  with  the  anterior  margin  of  the 
face  and  the  antennae  ferruginous ;  the  head  longitudinally  striated 
before  the  ocelli,  behind  which  it  has  a  curved  rugose  striation ; 
the  mandibles  obscure  ferruginous,  smooth,  with  a  few  oblong 
punctures  at  their  inner  margin,  and  having  two  teeth  at  their  apex. 
Thorax  ovate,  shining,  with  five  distant  punctures ;  the  sutures  ferru- 
ginous, as  well  as  the  apex  of  the  metathorax  ;  the  legs  bright  pale 
ferruginous ;  the  lateral  angles  of  the  superior  surface  of  the  meta- 
thorax subdentate.  Abdomen  oblong-ovate,  the  apical  margins  of 
the  segments  broadly  obscure  ferruginous  ;  the  nodes  of  the  abdomen 
thickened,  transverse,  rounded  above. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

Geu.  Pheidole,  Westw. 

1.  Pheidole  megacephala.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  112.  6. 
Hab.  Timor;  Tondano;  Bachian. 

2.  Pheidole  singularis.  P.  rufo-ferruginea ;  capite  maximo,  striato 
at  punctato,  postice  emarginato ;  thorace  quadrispinoso. 

Worker.  Length  2  lines.  Rufo-ferruginous ;  the  head  very  large, 
more  than  four  times  the  size  of  the  abdomen,  longitudinally  striated, 
with  the  sides  and  posterior  portion  strongly  punctured,  the  posterior 
margin  deeply  emarginate ;  a  curved  transverse  depression  crossing 
from  eye  to  aye,  the  curve  being  backwards  ;  the  mandibles  very  stout, 
smooth,  and  without  teeth  on  their  inner  margin.  Thorax  armed  in 
front  with  a  stout  acute  spina  on  each  side ;  the  metathorax  has  also 
two  spines,  which  are  much  smaller,  nearly  upright,  and  acute.  Ab- 
domen small,  ovate,  and  fuscous  towards  the  apex. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

3.  Pheidole  mordax.  P.  rufo-ferruginea;  capite  maximo,  longi- 
tudinaliter striato ;  metathoracis  spinis  acutis,  minutissimis ;  abdomine 
apice  fusco. 

Worker.  Length  2  lines.  Rufo-farruginous ;  the  head  veiy  large,  at 
least  four  times  the  size  of  the  abdomen,  longitudinally  striated, 
deeply  emarginate  behind.  The  thorax  smooth  and  shining  in  front, 
and  with  two  minute,  erect,  acute  spines  on  the  metathorax ;  the  legs 
long,  slender,  and  paler  than  the  body.  Abdomen  small  and  ovate, 
ferruginous  at  the  base  and  fuscous  at  the  apex ;  the  first  node  of  the 
peduncle  small  and  compressed,  the  second  subglobose  and  transverse. 

Hab.  Mysol. 


OF  MYSOL,  OEBAM,  AVAIUIOU,  BOUllU,  AND  TIMOK.  23 

4.  Pheidole  penetralis.  p.  rufo-ferruginea ;  capite  maximo,  in 
medio  sulcato  et  longitudinaliter  striato ;  metathorace  bispinoso ;  ab- 
domine  apice  fusco. 

Worker.  Length  2  lines.  Rufo-ferruginous ;  the  head  very  large, 
longitudinally  deeply  striated,  the  striae  scarcely  extending  to  the 
posterior  margin,  which  is  roughened  and  deeply  emarginate  in  the 
middle ;  the  mandibles  incrassate,  smooth  and  shining.  Thorax  very 
narrow,  strangulated  in  the  middle,  smooth  and  shining  anteriorly, 
and  armed  with  two  small  acute  spines  on  the  metathorax  ;  the  abdo- 
men fuscous,  with  the  base  ferruginous. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

Subfam.  CRTPTOCERiDiE,  Smith. 
Gren.  EcHiNOPLA,  Smith. 

1.  Echinopla  striata.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  ii.  80.  3. 
Hab.  Ceram  ;  Celebes ;  Malacca. 

2.  Echinopla  nitida.  E.  nigra;  capite,  thorace  et  abdomine  laevi- 
bus,  nitidis;  pedunculo  transverso;  antennarum  pedumque  apicibus 
ferrugineis. 

Worker.  Length  2  lines.  Jet-black,  smooth  and  shining ;  the  apex  of 
the  antennae  rufo-testaceous ;  the  head  rounded  in  front  and  trans- 
verse behind ;  eyes  round  and  very  prominent.  The  thorax  oblong- 
quadrate,  scarcely  as  wide  as  the  head,  rather  widest  behind;  the 
apical  joints  of  the  tarsi  ferruginous.  Abdomen  subglobose  ;  the  node 
of  the  peduncle  transverse,  each  lateral  extremity  armed  with  three 
teeth,  two  of  which  are  at  the  upper  margin  of  the  extremity,  the 
third  and  the  largest  being  at  the  lower  margin. 

Hab,  Ceram. 

3.  Echinopla  DECEPTOR.  E.  nigra,  capite  thoraceque  longitudinaliter 
striatis ;  abdomine  nigro-caeruleo,  squama  in  utroque  latere  spina  hori- 
zoutah  ;  tarsis  apicalibus  pallide  testaceis. 

Female.  Length  4  lines.  Black,  with  the  abdomen  obscurely  blue. 
The  head  a  little  wider  than  the  thoi'ax  and  longitudinally  striated. 
Thorax  oblong,  longitudinally  striated,  the  sides  parallel  to  the  base 
of  the  scutellum,  then  obliquely  narrowed  to  the  base  of  the  metatho- 
rax, the  sides  of  which  are  rounded  and  expanded  beyond  the  width 
of  the  prothorax ;  the  metathorax  is  also  roimded  behind ;  the  claw- 
joint  of  the  tarsi  testaceous ;  the  legs  and  also  the  body  thiuljf  sprinkled 
with  pale  hairs  ;  wings  wanting.  Abdomen  globose  and  pubescent, 
the  scale  of  the  peduncle  transverse,  its  superior  margin  slightly 
curved,  and  with  a  number  of  minute  denticulations,  terminating  on 
each  side  in  an  acute  point  or  spine. 

Hab.  Bouru. 


24  ME.  F.  SMITH  ON  HTMENOPTEEOUS  INSECTS 

Gren.  Cataulacus,  Smith. 

1.  Cataulacus  setosus.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  114.  1. 

Hub.  Mysol ;  Waigiou  ;  Bachian. 

The  specimen  from  Mysol  is  a  female  :  this  sex  differs  in  having  a  single 
ocellus  on  the  vertex ;  it  is  very  minute,  and  situated  in  a  pit ;  the 
head  is  rather  smaller,  and  the  eyes  also  are  smaller  ;  the  thorax  is  only 
subdentate  behind ;  the  abdomen  is  oblong-ovate,  and  emarginate  at  the 
base. 

Fam.  MUTILLID^,  Leach. 

Gren.  MuTiLLA,  Linn. 

1.  Mutilla  lanthea.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  115.  3. 
Hab.  Ceram  ;  Amboyna ;  Bachian. 

2.  Mutilla  anthylla,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  115.  4. 
Hab.  Ceram  ;  Gilolo ;  Bachian. 

3.  Mutilla  nigra.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  151.4. 
Hab.  Ceram  ;  Aru. 

4.  Mutilla  suspiciosa.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  ii.  84.  5. 
Hab.  Bouru ;  Makassar;  Amboyna;  Bachian;  Borneo. 

5.  Mutilla  mirabilis.  M.  cupreo-viridi  tincta;  scapo  pedibusque 
ferrugineis ;  alis  fuscis,  basi  hyalinis. 

Male.  Length  5  lines.  Entirely  bright  copper-coloured,  with  tints  of 
green  in  different  lights ;  the  head  and  thorax  strongly  punctured,  the 
abdomen  more  finely  and  distantly  so ;  the  mandibles,  palpi,  scape, 
two  basal  joints  of  the  flagellum,  and  the  legs  ferruginous,  the  rest 
of  the  antennae  black  ;  the  head,  thorax,  legs,  and  two  basal  segments 
of  the  abdomen  thinly  covered  with  erect,  long,  pale  pubescence,  that 
on  the  rest  of  the  abdomen  black ;  the  wings  brown,  with  their  base 
subhyaline. 

Hab.  Waigiou. 

6.  Mutilla  Damia.  M.  capite  abdomineque  nigris  ;  thorace  rubro  j 
alis  fuscis,  basi  hyalinis  ;  abdomine  fascia  albo-pubescente  decorato. 

Male.  Length  3^-4  lines.  Head,  abdomen,  legs,  and  antennae  black; 
thorax  red,  thinly  sprinkled  with  long  pale  hair ;  the  apical  margin 
of  the  second  segment  of  the  abdomen  with  a  fascia  of  long  snow- 
white  hair ;  the  margin  of  the  basal  segment  is  also  thinly  fringed 
with  the  same.  The  head  and  thorax  strongly  punctured ;  the  abdo- 
men with  more  distant  strong  punctures  ;  the  pubescence  on  the  third, 
fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth  segments  black,  that  on  the  apical  one  white ; 
the  wings  fuscous,  with  their  base  subhyaline. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

7.  Mutilla  Thera.  M.  capite  abdomineque  nigris;  thorace  rubro; 
abdominis  segraento  secundo  fascia  albo-pubescente  ornato. 


or  MYSOL,  CEBAM,  WAIGIOU,  BOURTJ,  AND  TIMOR.  25 

Female.  Length  4  lines.  Head,  antennae,  legs,  and  abdomen  black, 
finely  shagreened  and  subopake  ;  thinlj-  sprinkled  with  black  hairs ; 
the  legs  sprinkled  with  glittering  white  hairs.  The  thorax  red,  rugose, 
and  clothed  with  decumbent  red  hair ;  its  anterior  and  posterior  mar- 
gins transverse ;  the  sides  rounded,  but  slightly  narrowed  behind.  The 
apical  margin  of  the  second  segment  of  the  abdomen  with  a  narrow 
band  of  white  pubescence,  produced  and  widened  in  the  middle  of  the 
band  ;  the  fifth  segment  fringed  with  glittering  pale  pubescence  ;  the 
sixth  longitudinally  striated,  with  the  base  ferruginous. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

8.  MuTiLLA  FAUSTA.  M.  capitc  thoraceque  nigro-cseruleis ;  abdo- 
mine  nigro,  fascia  argenteo-pubescente  decorato. 

Female.  Length  2f  lines.  Head  and  thorax  blue-black,  and  closely 
punctured ;  the  palpi  elongate  and  pale  rufo-testaceous ;  the  man- 
dibles, apex  of  the  scape,  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  ferruginous ;  the  tibiae 
dusky  outside ;  the  head  wider  than  the  thorax,  and  transverse-qua- 
drate above.  The  basal  segment  of  the  abdomen  yellowish  above ; 
the  second  segment  with  its  apical  margin  pale  testaceous  and  clothed 
with  silvery-white  hair,  the  band  produced  in  the  middle  into  a  bilobed 
shaj^e  ;  the  apical  segment  rufo-testaceous,  smooth  and  shining ;  the 
insect  thinly  sprinkled  with  erect  pale  pubescence. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

Gen,  TiPHiA,  Fabr. 

I.  TiPHiA  INTRUDENS.  T.  nitida,  atra,  punctata,  sparse  griseo-pu- 
bescens;  femoribus  quatuor  posticis  compressis;  linea  intermedia 
metathoracis  ad  lineam  transversam  excurrente. 

Female.  Length  3|-5  lines.  Black  and  shining  ;  the  head  with  strong 
but  rather  distant  punctures ;  the  mandibles  ferruginous.  Thorax  : 
the  pro-  and  mesothorax  strongly  punctured,  the  posterior  margin  of 
the  former  smooth  and  shining ;  the  metathorax  smooth,  the  superior 
surface  with  three  elevated  longitudinal  lines,  all  extending  to  the 
verge  of  the  truncation, — the  lines  nearly  parallel,  veiy  slightly  conver- 
ging towards  the  apex ;  the  anterior  wings  fusco-hyaline ;  the  tegulae 
smooth  and  shining,  with  their  posterior  margins  rufo-piceous ;  the 
tips  of  the  femoi-a  rufo-piceous.  Abdomen  delicately  punctured  ;  the 
apical  segment  rugose,  with  the  tip  ferruginous ;  the  legs,  the  sides 
and  apex  of  the  abdomen  with  glittering  pale  hairs. 

The  male  differs  in  having  the  marginal  cell  closed  and  the  stigma  large 
and  black. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

Pam.  THYNNID^,  Urichs. 

Gen.  Thynnus,  Fabr. 

1.  Thynnus  lugubris.  T.  niger,  delicatule  punctulatus;  alis  fusco- 
nigris. 


26  MR.  F.  SMITH  ON  HTMENOPTEEOUS  INSECTS 

Male.  Length  9  lines.  Black,  closely  and  finely  punctured ;  the  cly- 
peus  with  its  anterior  margin  truncate ;  longitudinally  and  irregularly 
striated,  the  striae  interspersed  with  strong  punctures;  the  orbits 
of  the  eyes  narrowly  bordered  with  yellow,  the  border  interrupted 
above.  The  disk  of  the  thorax  more  strongly  punctured  than  the 
other  portion  ;  the  anterior  margin  of  the  prothorax  fringed  with  dark 
pubescence ;  the  wings  dark  fuscous,  palest  at  their  apical  margins. 
Abdomen  shining,  more  delicately  and  more  distantly  punctured  than 
the  head  and  thorax ;  the  apical  segment  longitudinally  striated  above  ; 
the  sixth  segment  has  a  short  acute  spine  on  each  side  beneath ;  the 
seventh  is  terminated  by  a  tridentate  mucro,  and  has  also  on  each  side 
a  small,  flattened,  projecting  process;  the  abdomen  is  much  more 
strongly  punctured  beneath  than  above. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

2.  Thynnus  iNSULARis.  T.  fcrrugincus,  capite  thoruccque  rude  punc- 
tatis. 

Female.  Length  3  lines.  Ferruginous;  the  head  quadrate,  strongly 
punctured,  more  or  less  fuscous,  the  eyes  situated  at  the  anterior 
angles ;  the  antennae  and  mandibles  pale  ferruginous.  Thorax  coarsely 
punctured,  the  metathorax  obhquely  rounded  ;  the  legs  spinose.  Ab- 
domen oblong,  strongly  punctured,  the  segments  darkest  at  the  base ; 
the  body  thinly  sprinkled  with  pale,  erect  pubescence. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

3.  Thynnus  placidus.  T.  niger,  nitidus,  punctulatus;  abdomine 
laevi,  dehcatule  et  sparse  punctulato  ;  ahs  anticis  fusco-nigris,  pur- 
pureo-iridescentibus,  posticis  subhyaliuis. 

Male.  Length  8^  lines.  Black  and  shining  ;  the  head  and  thorax  finely 
and  closely  punctured,  the  abdomen  delicately  and  distantly  so.  The 
anterior  margin  of  the  clypeus  truncate ;  the  outer  orbits  of  the  eyes 
narrowly  bordered  with  yellow  ;  there  is  also  an  abbreviated  line  on 
their  inner  orbits.  The  wings  with  a  slight  purple  iridescence ;  the 
anterior  pair  dark  fuscous,  with  their  apical  margins  paler ;  the  pos- 
terior pair  subhyaline.  Abdomen  shining  black,  with  a  fine  chalybeous 
iridescence,  delicately  and  not  very  closely  punctured,  beneath  strongly 
punctured. 

Hab.  Waigiou. 


■o 


4.  Thynnus  pullatus.  T.  niger,  nitidus,  capite  thoraceque  punc- 
tatis,  alis  fusco-hyalinis.  {Mas.) — T.  niger,  thorace  antice  coarcte  punc- 
tato,  abdomine  utrinque  maculis  tribus  flavis.  {Fcsm.) 

Mule.  Length  9  lines.  Black,  the  head  and  thorax  closely  punctured, 
slio-htly  shining ;  a  narrow  abbreviated  line  on  the  inner  orbits  of  the 
eyes  and  a  similar  line  behind  them  yellow ;  a  minute  yellow  spot  at 
the  base  of  the  mandibles ;  the  pubescence  on  the  head,  on  the  sides 
of  the  thorax  and  beneath,  cinereous  ;    the  wings  subhyaline,  tinged 


OF  MYSOL,  CEEAM,  WAIGTOU,  BOTJEU,  AND  TIMOR.  27 

with  brown.     Abdomen  conical,  gradually  tapering  from  the  base  to 
the  apex,  smooth,  shining,  and  delicately  punctured. 

Female.  Length  65  lines.  Black,  pubescent ;  the  mandibles  in  the  mid- 
dle and  the  scape  of  the  antenna;  at  the  apex  ferruginous ;  the  vertex 
with  a  deep  depression  on  each  side  above,  with  a  raised  central  carina 
between  them.  The  thorax  above  closely  and  deeply  punctured ;  the 
metathorax  smooth  and  obliquely  truncate ;  the  legs  obscurely  ferru- 
ginous, and  thickly  set  with  rigid  hairs  and  spines  of  a  pale  testaceous 
colour.  Abdomen  :  the  first  segment  thickly  fringed  with  pale  pu- 
bescence at  the  base ;  the  second  transversely  striated,  the  following 
segments  smooth  and  shining;  the  first  and  second  segments  with  a 
small  yellow  spot  on  each  side ;  the  third  segment  has  a  transverse 
yellow  stripe ;  beneath,  the  segments  are  punctured,  except  the  apical 
one,  which  is  longitudinally  striated. 

Hab.  Bouru. 

Gen.  JElurus,  Klug. 

1.  JClurus  comatus.  ^.  niger,  capite  thoraceque  rude  punctatis  ; 
abdomine  laevi,  nitido ;  cajntis  margine  postico  pube  cinerea  vestito  ; 
alis  hyalinis. 

Male.  Length  5  lines.  Black ;  the  head  and  thorax  closely  and  strongly 
punctured,  and  thinly  sprinkled  with  cinereous  pubescence ;  head 
transverse,  rather  wider  than  the  thorax,  the  posterior  margin  with  a 
long  fringe  of  cinereous  pubescence ;  the  face  before  the  insertion  of 
the  antennae  with  a  silvery-white  pubescence.  The  wings  hyaline  and 
iridescent,  the  nervures  fuscous.  The  abdomen  petiolated,  smooth 
and  shining,  terminating  in  a  trifid  mucro. 

Hah.  Waigiou. 

This  is  the  first  species  that  has  been  captured  away  from  the  Australian 
continent,  with  the  exception  of  two  species  from  Brazil. 

Gen.  ScLERODEEMA,  Latr. 

\.  Scleroderma  modesta.  S.  capite,  thorace  pedibusque  pallida 
testaceis ;  abdomine  rufo-piceo  cingulato. 

Female.  Length  2  lines.  The  head,  antennae,  thorax,  and  legs  pale 
honey-yellow ;  the  tips  of  the  mandibles  ferruginous ;  the  sutures  of 
the  thorax  and  the  articulations  of  the  legs  with  ferruginous  stains  ; 
the  exterior  margin  of  the  intermediate  tibiae  serrated.  The  basal 
margins  of  the  segments  of  the  abdomen  broadly  rufo-piceous ;  the 
abdomen  elongate  and  lanceolate. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

Gen.  ScoLiA,  Fahr. 

Div.  1.  Two  suhmarginal  cells  and  one  recurrent  nervure. 

1.  Scolia  insularis.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iv.  153,  4. 
Hab.  Ceram  ;  Bouru ;  Key  Island. 


28  MR.  r.  SMITH  ON  UTMENCPTEROUS  INSECTS 

2.  Scolia  fulgidipennis,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iv.  152.  3. 
Hab.  Waigiou  ;  Aru ;  Bachian ;  Martabello. 

3.  Scolia  nitida,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iv.  152.  2. 

Hab.    Waigiou ;    Bouru ;    Timor ;    Aru ;    Amboyna ;    Dory ;    Marta- 
bello. 

4.  Scolia  captiva,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  vi.  22.  1. 
Hab.  Waigiou ;  Gilolo  ;  Martabello. 

5.  Scolia  DUBiA.  S.  nigra,  nitida,  punctatissima ;  alis  fuscis,  violaceo- 
micantibus ;  abdomine  cseruleo-iridescente. 

Male.  Length  7  2  lines.  Black  and  shining ;  the  head  and  thorax  closely 
and  strongly  punctured ;  the  mandibles  obscurely  rufo-piceous ;  the 
wings  dark  brown,  with  a  bright  violet  iridescence,  changeable  in 
different  lights,  occasionally  showing  tints  of  blue ;  the  metathorax 
roughly  punctured ;  the  legs  thickly  set  with  rigid  black  hairs.  The 
abdomen  glossy,  more  finely  punctured  than  the  head  and  thorax,  the 
basal  segment  most  strongly  so ;  adorned  with  a  beautiful  blue  irides- 
cence, in  some  lights  reflecting  faint  tints  of  violet ;  the  apical  segment 
triangular,  punctured,  with  its  posterior  margin  narrowly  pale  tes- 
taceous. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

6.  Scolia  LARRADiFORMis.  S.  nigra,  nitida,  sparse  punctata ;  abdo- 
mine alisque  violaceo-micantibus. 

Female.  Length  5i  lines.  Black,  smooth  and  shining,  finely  and  spa- 
rino-ly  punctured,  particularly  on  the  head  and  thorax  above;  the 
metathorax  truncate,  and  having  a  few  strong  punctures  at  the  verge 
of  the  truncation,  the  latter  smooth  and  opake ;  the  head  as  wide  as 
the  thorax  and  subquadrate,  with  the  angles  rounded,  convex  in  front ; 
the  ocelli  minute ;  the  wings  dark  brown,  with  a  beautiful  violet 
iridescence ;  the  legs  pubescent,  with  the  spurs  on  the  tibiae  simple. 
Abdomen  subpetiolate,  shining,  with  a  slight  blue  and  violet  irides- 
cence ;  the  basal  segment  with  a  few  strongish  punctures,  the  apical 
segment  roughly  punctured. 

Hab.  Waigiou. 

7.  Scolia  morata.  S.  nigra,  hirta,  punctata;  thoracis  dorso  laevi ;  alis 
nigro-violaceis,  abdomine  nigro-chalybaeo. 

Male.  Length  4^-5^  Unes.  Black,  and  thinly  covered  with  black  pu- 
bescence ;  the  head  and  thorax  above  very  finely  and  sparingly  punc- 
tured ;  wings  obscure  brown,  with  a  beautiful  violet  iridescence,  tinged 
in  some  lights  with  coppery  lustre ;  the  third  discoidal  cell  small,  its 
apical  recurrent  nervure  uniting  with  the  basal  one  as  in  S.  dimidiata. 
The  abdomen  smooth,  shining,  and  finely  punctured,  with  a  beautiful 
chalybeous  iridescence. 

Hab.  Mysol. 


OF  MTSOL,  CERAM,  WAIGIOU,  BOURU,  AKT)  TIMOR,  29 

Div.  2.  The  anterior  wings  with  two  submarginal  cells  and  two  recur- 
rent nervures. 

8.  Scolia  aurulenta,  Smith,  Cat.  Hym.  Ins.  pt.  3.  102.  80. 

Hab.  Mysol;  Bouru ;  Bachian ;  Silhetj  Celebes;  Philippine  Islands. 

9.  Scolia  aureicollis,  St.  Farg.  Hym.  iii.  499.  fi. 

Hab.  Mysol ;  Ternate ;  Bachian ;  Philippines ;  Celebes  ;  Silhet. 

10.  Scolia  firabriata,  Burm.  Abh.  Nat.  Ges.  Halle,  i.  25.  6. 
Hab.  Waigiou;  Java. 

11.  Scolia  agilis,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Sac.  iv.  10.  6. 
Hab.  Waigiou;   Celebes. 

Div.  3.  The  anterior  wings  with  three  submarginal  cells  and  two  recur- 
rent nervures. 

12.  Scolia  dimidiata,  Guer.  Voy.  Coq.  Zool.  ii.  pt.  2.  247. 

Hab.  Ceram;  Bouru;  Gilolo;  Celebes;  Bachian;  Amboyna;  Senegal. 

Tarn.  POMPILIDJE,  Leach. 

Gen.  PoMPiLUS,  Fabr. 

1.  Pompilus  bicolor,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  198.  56. 
Hab.  Ceram ;  Australia. 

The  single  example  from  Ceram  is  a  male ;  it  differs  from  the  Austra- 
lian specimens  in  having  not  only  the  apical  half  of  the  second  segment  of 
the  abdomen  black,  but  the  thii-d  and  fourth  segments  also ;  in  other  re- 
spects they  are  identical. 

2.  Pompilus  depredator,  Smith,  Proc.  lAnn.  Soc.  v.  119.  3. 
Hab.  Bachian. 

3.  Pompilus  jucundus.  P.  ater,  capita  thoraceque  pube  cinerea 
tectis;  alis  hyalinis,  fasciis  duabus  fuscis;  prothoracis  margine  pos- 
tico  flavo. 

Female.  Length  5^  lines.  Black ;  the  head  and  thorax  with  a  thin 
cinereous  pile ;  the  scape  yellow  in  front ;  the  flagellum  fulvous 
beneath ;  the  anterior  margin  of  the  clypeus  and  tips  of  the  man- 
dibles rufo-piceous ;  the  palpi  pale  testaceous.  The  posterior  mar- 
gin of  the  prothorax  yellow;  the  wings  hyaline,  the  anterior  pair 
with  a  narrow  fuscous  fascia  crossing  the  base  of  the  first  and  second 
discoidal  cells,  and  a  second  fascia  as  wide  as  the  second  and  third 
submarginal  cells ;  the  tips  of  the  wings  milky  white ;  the  extreme  apex 
of  the  coxae  yellow  ;  the  tips  of  the  femora,  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  ferru- 
ginous beneath.     Abdomen  shining,  its  apex  rufo-piceous. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

4.  Pompilus  vigilans.  P.  ater,  guttis  maculisque  variegatus ;  alis 
hyalinis,  apice  fuscis ;  tibiis  posticis  basi  flavis. 

Female.  Length  5  lines.  Black ;  the  orbits  of  the  eyes,  interrupted 
above,  and  the  anterior  margin  of  the  clypeus  yellow,    the  yellow 


30  MR.  F.  SMITH  ON  HYMENOPTEROUS  INSECTS 

margin  of  the  clypeus  notched  in  the  middle ;  the  mandibles  ferrugi- 
nous, their  base  black.  The  posterior  margin  of  the  prothorax  yellow  ; 
the  wings  hyaline,  with  their  apex  fuscous  ;  the  posterior  tibiae  yellow 
at  their  base  above,  and  entirely  ferruginous  beneath.  Abdomen 
shining,  with  an  obscure  chalybeous  reflexion ;  the  basal  margin  of 
the  third  and  fifth  segments  with  a  narrow  yellow  band. 

Male.  Closely  resembles  the  female,  but  wants  the  yellow  margin  to  the 
clypeus ;  the  mandibles  are  yellow. 

Hab.  Waigiou. 

Gen.  Peiocnemis,  ScJnodte. 

1.  Priocnemis  pulcherrimus.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  156.  1. 
Hab.  Mysol;  Aru. 

2.  Priocnemis  flavipennis.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iv.  79.  1. 
Hab.  Ceram  ;  Celebes  (Makassar). 

3.  Priocnemis  fervidus.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  156.  2. 
Hab.  Mysol ;  Dory ;  Ceram  ;  Aru. 

4.  Priocnemis  adustus.  P.  ferrugineus;  alls  flavo-hyalinis,  fusco 
fasciatis. 

Male.  Length  6^  lines.  Ferruginous ;  the  head  and  antennae  paler  than 
the  body ;  the  thorax  and  head  opake ;  the  clypeus  smooth  and 
shining,  with  its  anterior  margin  transverse  and  entire.  The  thorax 
has  a  fine,  thin,  short,  downy  pubescence ;  the  metathorax  slightly 
striated  transversely  at  the  apex ;  the  wings  yellow  Inaline,  with  a 
broad  fuscous  fascia  crossing  near  the  apex  of  the  anterior  wings;  the 
legs  elongate,  paler  than  the  thorax.  Abdomen  shining,  of  a  some- 
what clavate  form,  and  thinly  covered  with  downy  pubescence. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

Gen.  Agenia,  Schiddte. 

1.  Agenia  blanda,  Guer.  Voy.  Coq.  Zool.  pt.  2.  ii.  260. 

Hab.  Ceram ;  Celebes ;  Key  Island  ;  Borneo ;  India ;  Singapore ;  Ma- 
lacca. 

2.  Agenia  Amalthea,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  155.  6. 
Hab.  Waigiou ;  Aru. 

3.  Agenia  Eudora.  A.  capite,  metathorace  abdomineque  nigris ;  tho- 
race  pedibusque  sanguineis ;  alis  anticis  fascia  transversa  fusca. 

Female.  Length  4\  lines.  Head  black ;  the  clypeus,  palpi,  mandibles, 
and  antennae  ferruginous.  Thorax  black,  with  the  pro-  and  meso- 
thorax  blood-red  above ;  the  metathorax  rounded  behind,  transversely 
striated,  and  covered  with  silvery  pubescence ;  the  legs  pale  red,  with 
the  claw-joints  of  the  tarsi  fuscous ;  the  spurs  at  the  apex  of  the  tibiae 
fuscous ;  the  wings  hyaline,  the  nervures  fen'uginous ;  the  anterior 
pair  with  a  broad  fuscous  fascia  beyond  the  stigma ;  the  tips  of  the 
wings  milk-white.     Abdomen  petiolated,  black,  and  thinly  covered 


OF  MYSOL,  CEEAM,  WAIGIOU,  BOUBU,  AND  TIMOR.  31 

with  fine,  pale,  downy  pile ;  the  apical  margin  of  the  two  basal  seg- 
ments narrowly  rufo-piceous ;  the  apex  rufo-testaceous. 
Hab.  Mysol. 

4.  Agenia  Numeria.  A.  nigra,  pilis  sericeis  cinereis  vestita;  anten- 
nis  subtus  ferrugineis;  abdomine  petiolato;  alis  hyalinis,  bifasciatis. 

Female.  Length  4  lines.  Black,  and  thinly  covered  with  a  silky  ashy- 
grey  pile  ;  the  palpi  pale  ferruginous ;  the  mandibles  rufo-testaceous 
at  their  apex;  the  flagellum  of  the  antennae  ferruginous  beneath. 
The  posterior  margin  of  the  prothorax  rounded  ;  the  metathorax 
rounded  posteriorly,  opake,  and  finely  and  transversely  rugose ;  the 
wings  hyaline,  with  a  narrow  fuscous  fascia  at  the  apex  of  the  externo- 
medial  cell,  and  a  much  broader  one  crossing  and  enclosing  the  second 
and  third  submarginal  cells ;  the  tips  of  the  wings  fuscous. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

5.  Agenia  Metella.  A.  nigra,  pihs  sericeis  argentato-albis  vestita; 
antennis  antice  pedibusque  antice  ferrugineis ;  abdomine  petiolato ; 
alis  hyalinis,  nervuris  uigris. 

Female.  Length  4f  lines.  Black,  and  thinly  covered  with  a  silvery- 
white  silky  pile,  which  is  most  dense  on  the  clypeus  and  metathorax ; 
the  antennae  ferruginous  beneath,  more  or  less  fuscous  above,  par- 
ticularly at  their  base;  the  palpi  fusco-ferruginous ;  the  mandibles 
rufo-piceous  at  their  apex.  The  posterior  margin  of  the  prothorax 
rounded ;  the  metathorax  transversely  rugose ;  the  tibiae  and  femora 
at  their  apex  ferruginous  in  front ;  the  tarsi  ferruginous,  the  apical 
joints  more  or  less  fuscous  above ;  the  wings  hyaline,  the  nervures 
black.  Abdomen  petiolated ;  the  apical  margins  of  the  segments 
narrowly  rufo-piceous. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

6.  Agenia  Vesta.  A.  nigra,  capite  thoraceque  pilis  sericeis  argen- 
tato-albis vestitis ;  abdomine  nitido,  subpetiolato  ;  alis  hyalinis,  plaga 
fusca. 

Female.  Length  4|  lines.  Black;  the  flagellum  obscurely  fulvous 
towards  the  apex  beneath ;  the  head  thinly  covered  with  silvery  silky 
pile,  the  face  much  more  densely  so.  Thorax :  the  sides  and  the  me- 
tathorax entirely  covered  with  a  dense  silvery-white  pubescent  pile, 
the  latter  is  less  densely  covered  on  the  disk ;  the  legs  rufo-piceous 
beneath ;  wings  hyaline,  with  a  fuscous  cloud  occupying  the  marginal 
and  two  submarginal  cells  and  the  third  discoidal  cell  ;  it  also  crosses 
the  apex  of  the  first  and  second  discoidal  cells.  Abdomen  smooth, 
shining  black,  and  with  a  short  petiole  at  its  base ;  the  ai)ex  rufo- 
piceous. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

7.  Agenia  CLAV ATA.  ^.  atra,  capite  thoraceque  subopacis ;  abdomine 
clavato    alis  hyalinis,  plaga  minuta  fusca. 


32  MR.  F,  SMITH  ON  HYMENOPTEBOUS  INSECTS 

Male.  Length  6  lines.  Black;  the  head  and  thorax  subopake;  the 
face  covered  vfith  silvery- white  pubescence;  the  tips  of  the  mandibles 
ferruginous.  Thorax  oblong-quadrate,  the  sides  being  parallel ;  the 
metathorax  transversely  striated ;  the  wings  hyaline,  with  a  small  brown 
macula  near  the  base  of  the  marginal  cell  extending  into  the  second 
submarginal  cell,  faint,  and  not  well  defined.  The  abdomen  clavate  ; 
the  first  segment  forming  a  petiole,  with  its  apex  shghtly  dilated. 

Hah.  Waigiou. 

Gen.  Mtgnimia,  Smith. 

1.  Mygnimia  Aspasia,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn,  Soc.  iv.  15/.  1. 
Hub.  Martabello;  Aru. 

2.  Mygnimia  fervida,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  82.  1. 
Hub.  Mysol;  Bouru;  Celebes. 

3.  Mygnimia  iridipennis,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iv.  13.  1. 
Hab.  Timor;  Celebes;  Borneo. 

4.  Mygnimia  intrepida.  M.  nigra,  capite  thoraceque  pube  nigra 
vestitis ;  alis  cseruleo  violaceoque  splendide  micantibus. 

Female.  Length  13  lines.  Black;  the  abdomen  with  obscure  shades 
of  blue  in  certain  lights ;  the  anterior  margin  of  the  clypeus  widely 
emarginate  ;  the  pubescence  on  the  head  and  thorax  black  ;  the  meta- 
thorax with  transverse  ridges  behind ;  wings  black,  with  a  splendid 
purple  and  violet  iridescence,  with  tints  of  green  in  certain  lights. 

Hab.  Timor. 

5.  Mygnimia  opulenta.  M".  ferruginea,  abdomine  laete  fusco;  alis 
flavo-hyalinis,  apice  fuscis. 

Male.  Length  9^  lines.  Ferruginous ;  the  anterior  margin  of  the  cly- 
peus transverse  ;  the  flagellum  slightly  fuscous  above.  The  posterior 
margin  of  the  prothorax  rounded  ;  the  mesothorax  above  with  a  lon- 
gitudinal fuscous  stripe  on  each  side,  and  a  spot  in  front  in  the  middle ; 
the  metathorax  transversely  striated ;  the  legs  elongate,  and  the  tibiae 
and  tarsi  with  scattered,  short,  fine  spines  ;  the  wings  yellowish,  their 
apical  margins  bordered  by  a  fuscous  cloud.  The  abdomen  fusco- 
ferruginous. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

6.  Mygnimia  exasperata.  M.  ferruginea,  abdominis  segmento  se- 
cundo  et  tertio  nigris ;  alis  obscure  fuscis,  purpureo-iridescentibus. 

Female.  Length  9-10  lines.  Ferruginous ;  the  head  and  thorax  opake ; 
the  antennae  thick  and  convolute;  the  clypeus  slightly  emarginate 
anteriorly.  The  posterior  margin  of  the  prothorax  curved ;  the  meso- 
thorax with  two  black  spots  anteriorly ;  the  metathorax  rounded  be- 
hind and  transversely  striated  ;  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  strongly  spinose  ; 
the  wings  fuscous,  with  a  purple  iridescence.     Abdomen  smooth  and 


OF  MYSOL,  CERAM,  WAIGIOU,  BOURU,  AISTD  TIMOR. 


33 


shilling,  with  the  second  and  third  segments  and  the  posterior  margin 
of  the  basal  segment  black;  entirely  ferruginous  beneath. 
Hab.  Mysol. 

7.  Mygnimia  intrepida.  M.  capite  tlioraceque  nigris,  abdomine 
nigro-cseruleo  ;  alis  flavo-hyaliiiis,  marginibus  fascis . 

Female.  Length  11-13  lines.  Head  and  thorax  opake  black,  with  a 
thin  black  pubescence ;  the  clypeus  very  convex,  its  anterior  margin 
rounded.  The  scutellum  and  jjostscutellum  prominent,  produced 
into  rounded  tubercles ;  the  metathorax  vdlose,  not  punctured  or 
striated  ;  the  wings  yellow  hyaline,  the  base,  the  apical  and  posterior 
margins  with  a  narrow  dark  fuscous  border ;  the  legs  elongate,  the 
tibiaj  and  tarsi  furnished  with  short  spines,  most  dense  on  the  latter, 
particularly  the  anterior  pair.  Abdomen  black,  with  an  obscure  blue 
tinge,  covered  with  a  short  silky  pubescence. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

Gen.  Macromeris,  St.  'Farg. 

1.  Macromeris  violacea,  St.  Farg.,  Guer.  Mag.  Zool.  pi.  30.  fig.  \S • 
Hab.  Ceram;  Bouru ;   Gilolo ;    Celebes;    Aru;    Borneo;    Java;  Ma- 
lacca ;  Assam ;  New  Guinea. 

Gen.  Salius,  Fahr. 

1.  Salius  malignus.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc,  iii.  157.  1. 
Hab.  Mysol;  Aru. 

Pam.  SPHEGID^,  Leach. 

Gen.  Sphex,  Fabr. 

1.  Sphex  tyrannica,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  122.  5. 
Hab.  Mysol ;  Gilolo ;  Menado ;  Bachian ;  Kaisaa. 

2.  Sphex  diabolicus.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  ii.  100. 
Hub.  Coram;  Amboyna;  Bachian;  Borneo. 

3.  Sphex  argentata,  Dahlb.  Hym.  Europ.  i.  25.  1. 

Hab.  Ceram;  Waigiou;  Gilolo;  Celebes;  Aru;  Bachian;  Java;  Ben- 
gal ;  Congo ;  Sierra  Leone. 

4.  Sphex  formosa.  Smith,  Cat.  Hym.  Ins.  pt.  iv.  254.  60, 
Hab.  Ceram ;  Waigiou ;  Bachian ;  Amboyna. 

5.  Sphex  sericea,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  211.  19. 

Hab.  Waigiou ;  Ceram ;   Ternate ;    Timor ;    Bachian ;  Aru ;    Celebes  ; 
Malacca ;  Java  ;  Borneo ;  Philippines. 

6.  Sphex  ferox,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  vi.  55.  6, 
■  Hab.  Waigiou ;  Amboyna ;  Celebes. 

LINN.  PROC. — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  YIT.  3 


34  ME.  F.  SMITH  OS  HTMEKOPTEROUS  INSECTS 

Gen.  Ammophila,  Kirhy. 

1 .  Ammophila  insolata.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  14.  2. 
Hab.  Timor;  Celebes. 

Gren.  Pelopceus,  Zatr. 

1 .  Pelopceus  laetus.  Smith,  Cat.  Hym.  Ins.  pt.  iv.  229.  13, 
Hab.  Ceram;  Australia  (Port  Essington  and  Swan  River). 

2.  Pelopceus  Beugalensis,  Dahlb.  Hym.  Eur.  i.  433.  2. 

Hab.  Timor;  Ternate ;  Celebes;  Isle  of  France ;  Philippines;  India; 
China. 

3.  Pelopceus  spirifex,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  942.  9. 
Hab.  Timor;    Africa;   Europe. 

4.  Pelopckus  MURARius.  P.  ater ;  clypeo,  flagello,  pedibus  abdomi- 
neque  basi  ferrugineis ;  alis  hyalinis,  apicibus  maculis  fuscis. 

Female.  Length  8  lines.  Black;  the  scape,  apex  of  the  third  joint 
of  the  antennae,  and  the  fourth  joint,  the  palpi,  mandibles,  and  clypeus 
ferruginous,  the  base  of  the  latter  black ;  the  face  covered  with  golden 
pubescence;  the  head  and  thorax  thinly  clothed  with  erect  fulvous 
pubescence.  Thorax :  the  legs  ferruginous,  with  the  coxae  and  tro- 
chanters black ;  the  wings  hyaline,  the  nervures  ferruginous,  the  tegulae 
pale  rufo-testaceous ;  the  anterior  wings  with  a  fuscous  spot  at  their 
apex;  the  metathorax  transversely  striated.  Abdomen  ferruginous, 
the  petiole  and  the  base  of  the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  segments  black. 
Hab.  Ceram. 

This  species  resembles  the  P.fervens  from  Sarawak,  but  is,  I  think,  quite 
distinct ;  the  petiole  is  shorter  and  thicker,  and  the  thorax  is  opake  black, 
without  red  markings,  besides  other  differences. 

Tarn.  LAEEID^,  Leach. 

Gen.  L  ARE,  AD  A,  Smith. 

1.  Larrada  modesta.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc,  iii.  159.  1. 
Hab.  Waigiou ;  Aru. 

2.  Larrada  aurulenta,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  228. 

Hab.  Bouru;  Bachian;  Celebes;  Philippines;  Java;  Sumatra;  India; 
China ;  Cape  of  Good  Hope ;  Gambia. 

3.  Larrada  funerea.  L.  nigra,  clypeo  argenteo  piloso;  alis  sub- 
hyalinis ;  abdomine  laevi  et  nitido. 

Female.  Length  3^  lines.  Black  ;  the  head  and  thorax  subopake ;  the 
tips  of  the  mandibles  rufo-piceous ;  the  clypeus  with  silvery  pubes- 
cence ;  the  face  with  a  deep  central  longitudinal  impression  above  the 
antennae,  and  one  on  each  side  equally  deep.  The  metathorax  trun- 
cate, margined  at  the  sides  and  along  the  verge  of  the  truncation  by  a 
raised  line,  the  disk  finely  granulated  and  having  a  central  longitudi- 
nal carina ;  the  legs  spinose,  and  frosted  over  as  it  were  with  silvery 


OF  MTSOL,  CERAM,  WAIGIOU,  BOUETJ,  AND  TIMOR.  35 

pile  ;  the  wings  subhyaline  and  iridescent.  The  abdomen  shining  and 
with  a  thin  silky  pile. 

Hab.  Waigiou. 

4.  Larrada  sabulosa.  L.  nigra,  facie  metathoraceque  aurato-pubes- 
centibus,  alls  flavo-hyalinis. 

Female.  Length  8  lines.  Black  and  slightly  shining ;  a  spot  at  the 
base  of  the  mandibles  and  the  face  clothed  with  golden  pubescence. 
A  narrow  border  on  the  posterior  margin  of  the  prothorax,  a  line  on 
each  side  of  the  mesothorax,  and  the  metathorax  above  with  rich 
golden  pubescence;  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  sti'ongly  spined.  Wings  flavo- 
hyaline,  the  nervures  ferruginous,  the  apical  margins  of  the  anterior 
pair  fuscous.     Abdomen  smooth,  with  a  silky  gloss. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

Gen.  PisoN,  Spin. 

1.  Pison  nitidus.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  160.  1. 
Hab.  Mysol ;  Aru ;  Key  Island. 

2.  Pison  pallidipalpis.  P.  niger,  capite  thoraceque  punctatis  ;  ab- 
domine  uitido,  segmentorum  marginibus  argentatis. 

Female.  Length  5  lines.  Black;  the  head  and  thorax  closely  and 
finely  punctured ;  the  clypeus,  sides  of  the  face,  and  inner  orbits  of 
the  eyes,  terminating  in  their  sinus,  with  bright  silvery  pubescence ; 
the  tips  of  the  mandibles  rufo-piceous;  the  palpi  pale  testaceous;  the 
cheeks  silvery.  Thorax :  the  sides  and  the  legs  with  fine  cinereous 
pubescence ;  the  sides  of  the  metathorax  with  longer  silvery-white 
pubescence ;  a  deep  longitudinal  channel  runs  down  the  middle  from 
the  base  to  the  apex ;  the  wings  subhyaline,  the  nervures  black,  the 
tegulae  testaceous.  Abdomen  shining,  closely  and  very  delicately 
punctured ;  the  apical  margins  of  the  segments  with  fasciae  of  silvery 
pile,  only  observable  in  certain  lights. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

Fam.  CEABEONID^,  Leach. 

Gren.  Tetpoxtlon,  Latr. 

1.  Trypoxylon  placidum,  T.  nigrum,  clypeo  argentato-pubes- 
cente ;  abdominis  basi,  mandibulis  pedibusque  ferrugineis ;  alis  hya- 
linis,  iridescentibus. 

Female.  Length  3|  lines.  Black  ;  the  face,  inner  orbits  of  the  eyes,  and 
the  cheeks  with  silvery  pubescence ;  the  mandibles,  tibiae  and  tarsi 
ferruginous ;  the  metathorax  shining,  the  sides  with  a  little  silvery 
pubescence,  the  middle  with  a  deep  longitudinal  furrow ;  the  wings 
hyaline  and  iridescent,  the  nervures  testaceous.  Abdomen  finely  jiubes- 
cent,  with  the  three  basal  segments  ferruginous,  the  third  dusky  above ; 
beneath  ferruginous,  with  the  two  apical  segments  slightly  dusky. 

Hab.  Mysol.  * 

2.  Trypoxylon  gracillimum.    T.  nigrum,  clypeo  argentato-pubes- 
cente ;  alis  hyalinis,  iridescentibus  ;  tarsis  rufo-testaceis. 

3* 


36  ME.  F.  SMITH  ON  HYMENOPTEEOUS  INSECTS 

Male.  Length  7  lines.  Black,  and  with  a  fine  thin  cinereous  pubescence  ; 
the  clypeus  and  inner  orbits  of  the  eyes  with  a  dense  silvery  pubes- 
cence, the  lower  portions  of  the  cheeks  silvery ;  the  palpi  pale  testa- 
ceous; the  mandibles  pale  ferruginous.  Thorax:  the  wings  hyaline 
and  beautifully  iridescent,  the  nervures  fuscous,  the  tegulae  testaceous; 
the  meso-  and  metathorax  finely  punctured,  the  latter  shining,  with  a 
dense  silvery  pubescence  at  the  sides  ;  in  the  centre  a  deep  longitudi- 
nal impression,  deepest  in  the  middle  ;  the  articulations  of  the  legs 
rufo-piceous  ;  the  tarsi  rufo-testaceous.  Abdomen  :  the  petiole  slen- 
der, longer  than  the  three  following  segments ;  the  margins  of  the 
apical  segments  narrowly  rufo-piceous. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

Gren.  Aepactophilus. 

Head  large,  subquadrate,  wider  than  the  thorax;  eyes  oval,  distant, 

placed  at  the  sides  of  the  head ;  anteunaj  geniculated,  scarcely  longer 

than  the  head,  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  clypeus,  not  approximated; 

the  fiagellum  subfiliform,  the  first  joint  small,  half  the  length  of  the 

following  joints,  which  are  cylindric  and  nearly  of  equal  length ;  the 

scape  short,  shghtly  thickened  towards  the  apex,  and  about  the  length 

of  the  five  basal  joints  of  the  fiagellum  ;  the  mandibles  bidentate  at 

their  apex.     Thorax  ovate;   the  collar  transverse;  the  scutellum 

transverse;  [the  metathorax  with  an  enclosed  space  at  its  base;  the 

superior  wings  with  one  marginal  cell,  narrowing  beyond  the  second 

submurginal  and  subacute  at  its  apex  :  submarginal  cells  two,  the  first 

oblong,  receiving  at  its  apex  the  first  recurrent  nervure,  the  second 

angular,  truncate  at  its  apex ;  discoidal  cells  two ;  legs  moderately 

strong,  simple.     Abdomen  subsessile,  incurved  at  its  extremity. 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  Diodontus,  from  which  it  difi'ers  in  the 

neuration  of  the  anterior  wings,  in  wanting  the  second  recurrent  nervure, 

and  in  the  bidentate  mandibles,  but  in  general  habit  it  bears  a  close 

resemblance  to  that  genus. 

1.  Arpactophilus  bicolor.  a.  uiger,  pedibus  abdomineque  ferru- 
gineis,  alis  fuscis. 

Female.  Length  3|  lines.  Head  and  thorax  black,  and  sculptured  with 
a  coarse  deep  longitudinal  striation,  the  strife  in  parts  running  into  a 
very  coarse  punctation ;  on  the  front  of  the  head,'  above  the  insertion 
of  the  antennae,  it  is  transverse ;  the  metathorax  with  a  semicircular 
space  at  its  base,  enclosed  by  a  slightly  elevated  ridge ;  above  the  an- 
tennae is  a  central  elevated  carina,  which  terminates  before  reaching 
the  anterior  ocellus ;  the  antenna,  mandibles,  an  d  legs  ferruginous, 
the  coxffi,  trochanters,  and  femora  beneath  black ;  the  palpi  pale  tes- 
taceous. The  wings  fuscous,  palest  at  their  apical  and  posterior  mar- 
gins. Abdomen  shining,  ferruginous,  smooth  and  impunctate.  The 
male  differs  in  having  the  scape  white  in  front. 

Hub.  Mysol. 


OF  MYSOL,  CEEAM,  'WAIGIOU,  DOUEU,  AND  TIMOE.  S7 

Ggu.  Psen,  Lair. 

1.  PsEN  I'ETioLATUS.  P.  capite  thoraccquc  nigvis,  nitidis ;  abdoinine 
pedibusque  ferrugineis ;  alis  hyalinis. 

Female.  Length  3  lines.  Head  and  thorax  smooth,  shining,  and  im- 
punctate  ;  the  antennae,  palpi,  and  mandibles  ferruginous ;  the  clypeus 
covered  with  silvery  pubescence.  Thorax :  the  tegulfc  and  legs  pale 
ferruginous ;  the  margin  of  the  collar  and  sides  of  the  thorax  with 
glittering  silvery-white  pubescence ;  the  mesothorax  with  two  central 
impressed  lines  anteriorly  and  a  slight  scratch  over  the  tegulaj ;  the 
wings  hyaline  and  beautifully  iridescent,  the  nervures  testaceous.  Ab- 
domen :  the  petiole  as  long  as  the  first  segment  and  curved  down- 
wards ;  all  the  segments  smooth,  shining,  and  impunctate. 

Hub.  Mysol. 

Fam.  PHILANTHID^. 

Gen.  Ceeceeis,  Latr. 

1.  Cerceris  immolator.  C  nigra,  facie,  pedibus  abdomineque  flavo 
variegatis  ;  alis  hyalinis,  apicibus  fuscis. 

Female.  Length  4  lines.  Black,  and  strongly  punctured;  the  face, 
base  of  the  mandibles,  and  the  scape  in  front  yellow ;  the  flagellum 
fulvous  beneath.  Thorax :  a  spot  on  the  tegulae,  the  anterior  and 
intermediate  tibia;  and  tarsi,  and  a  spot  at  the  base  of  the  posterior 
tibiae  and  tarsi  yellow;  the  tips  of  the  antei'ior  and  intermediate 
femora  yellow,  and  their  tibiae  with  a  black  spot  beneath ;  the  wings 
subhyaline,  with  a  fuscous  spot  at  their  apex.  Abdomen :  a  trans- 
verse spot  at  the  base  of  the  second  segment  and  a  short  line  on  each 
side  of  the  second  yellow ;  beneath,  a  minute  yellow  spot  on  each 
side  of  the  third  segment. 

Hab.  Waigiou. 


'o* 


Group  1.— SOLITARY  WASPS. 
Pam.  EUMENID^,  Westiv. 

Gen.  EuMENES,  Latr. 

1 .  Eumenes  Urvillei,  Saiiss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  i.  69.  44. 
Hab.  Ceram ;  Gilolo ;  New  Guinea. 

2.  Eumenes  arcuatus,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  287.  H. 

Hab.  Mysol ;  "VVaigiou ;  Bachian ;  Dory ;  Key  Island ;  Singapore;  Siam. 

3.  Eumenes  Praslina,  Guer.  Voy.  Coq.  Zool.  ii.  267.  pi-  ^-  fig-  7. 
Hab.  Ceram ;  Gilolo ;  Kaisaa ;  Port  Praslin ;  Key  Island ;  Amboyna. 

4.  Eumenes  agilis.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  127.  8. 
Hab.  Ceram;  Amboyna. 

5.  Eumenes  tricolor.  Smith,  Proc,  Linn.  Soc.  v.  S7.  5. 
Hab.  Ceram ;  Celebes ;  Bouru. 


38  MB.  F.  SMITH  ON  HTMENOPTEEOTJS  INSECTS 

6.  Eumenes  circinalis,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  286.  4. 

Hab.  Bouru;  Gilolo;  Kaisaa;  Celebes;  Ceram;  Sumatra;  Java;  India. 

7.  Eumenes  MEDiANUS.  i?.  niger,  flavo  variegatus ;  pedibus  ferrugi- 
neis ;  alls  fusco-byalinis. 

Male.  Length  5f  lines.  Black ;  the  head,  thorax,  and  first  segment  of 
the  abdomen  stronglj'  punctured ;  the  clypeus  and  a  halberd-shaped 
spot  above  white ;  a  spot  at  the  base  of  the  mandibles  and  the  scape 
in  front  yellow  ;  the  mandibles  ferruginous,  with  four  black  teeth  on 
their  inner  margin.  Thorax  :  a  line  on  the  prothorax  anteriorly,  its 
posterior  margin,  two  quadrate  spots  on  the  clypeus,  two  oblique  lines 
on  the  metathorax,  a  triangular  spot  beneath  the  wings,  and  the 
tegulae  yellow ;  the  wings  fusco-hyaline,  darkest  towards  their  apex, 
and  slightly  mdescent ;  the  legs  ferruginous,  the  tarsi  fuscous.  The 
apex  of  the  petiole  yellow,  the  abdomen  smooth  and  shining. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

8.  Eumenes  coNFORMis.  J?,  niger,  flavo  variegatus ;  capitc  thorace- 
que  dense  punctatis ;  alis  fusco-hyalinis. 

Female.  Length  5^  lines.  Black ;  the  base  of  the  clypeus,  a  kite- 
shaped  spot  above  and  an  abbreviated  line  behind  the  eyes  yellow ; 
the  mandibles  ferruginous.  Thorax :  the  prothorax  in  front,  the 
tegulae,  a  spot  beneath  the  wings,  and  two  spots  on  each  side  of  the 
metathorax  yellow ;  the  tips  of  the  coxae  and  femora,  the  tibiae  and  tarsi 
pale  ferruginous,  the  posterior  tarsi  and  apical  joints  of  the  inter- 
mediate pair  fuscous ;  the  wings  fusco-hyaline,  darkest  towards  their 
apex.  Abdomen  punctured ;  the  apex  of  the  petiole,  a  spot  on  each 
side,  the  apical  margin  of  the  second  segment  and  an  ovate  spot  on 
each  side  yellow. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

9.  Eumenes  volatilis.  E.  niger,  flavo  variegatus,  capite  thoraceque 
delicatule  variegatis ;  alis  subhyalinis  ;  abdomine  laevigato,  nitido. 

Female.  Length  6  lines.  Black  and  shining;  the  head  and  thorax 
delicately  punctured;  the  clypeus,  an  oblong  lancet-formed  spot 
above,  a  sjjot  in  the  sinus  of  the  eyes  and  a  line  behind  them  yellow ; 
the  scape  in  front  yellow,  the  flagellum  orange  beneath ;  an  anchor- 
shaped  black  spot  on  the  clypeus.  The  anterior  margin  of  the  thorax, 
a  line  on  each  side  of  the  mesothorax  in  front  curving  inwards,  the 
tegulae  and  a  spot  beneath  the  wings,  a  spot  on  each  side  of  the 
scutellum,  a  broad  curved  line  on  each  side  of  the  metathorax,  the 
anterior  legs  and  the  intermediate  tibise  in  front  yellow;  the  claw- 
joint  of  the  tarsi  rufo-piceous ;  the  wings  slightly  coloured  and  iri- 
descent ;  a  black  spot  in  the  middle  of  the  tegulae.  Abdomen :  the 
petiole  as  long  as  the  thorax ;  the  apical  margins  of  the  segments 
narrowly  bordered  with  yellow ;  a  minute  yellow  spot  on  each  side  of 
the  second  segment  near  its  base. 

Hab.  MysoI. 


OF  MTSOL,  CEEAM,  WAIGIOTJ,  BOUEU,  AND  TIMOR.  39 

10.  EuMENES  PULLATUS.     E.  nigerrimus,  alls  flavescentibus. 
Female.     Length  10  lines.     Opake  black,  the  flagellum  white  beneath; 

the  head  and  thorax  covered  with  confluent  punctures;   the  wings 
yellow,  subhyaline ;  the  petiole  of  the  abdomen  regularly  widening  from 
the  base  to  the  apex.     Closely  resembling  species  of  the  genus  Zethus. 
Hab.  Ceram. 

11.  EuMENES  PEBPLEXUS.  E.  aterrimus ;  petiolo  perlongo,  medio  et 
apice  maculis  duabus  albis ;  alis  fulvo-hyalinis. 

Female.  Length  12  lines.  Jet-black,  with  the  abdomen  shining;  the 
wings  fulvo-hyaline ;  the  petiole  of  the  abdomen  elongate,  with  two 
white  spots  in  the  middle  and  two  at  the  apex. 

Hab.  Bouru. 

Of  the  same  size  and  form  as  E.  arcuatus,  and  probably  a  black  variety 
of  that  species. 

12.  EuMENES  DiLiGENS.  E.  niger,  flavo  varicgatus ;  capite,  thorace 
petioloque  delicatule  punctatis ;  abdomine  nitido ;  alis  anticis  fusco- 
h3'alinis,  violaceo-iridescentibus. 

Female.  Length  7  lines.  Black ;  the  basal  half  of  the  clypeus,  a 
battledore-shaped  spot  above,  the  inner  margin  of  the  eyes  as  high 
as  their  emargination,  and  an  abbreviated  narrow  line  behind  them 
yellow ;  the  clypeus  emarginate  in  front.  Thorax  :  the  anterior  mar- 
gin of  the  prothorax,  an  oblique  line  on  each  side  of  the  mesothorax, 
a  broader  one  beneath  the  wings,  the  posterior  margin  of  the  tegulae 
and  a  spot  before  and  behind  them,  a  line  at  the  base  and  apex  of  the 
scutellum  and  a  broad  oblique  one  on  each  side  of  the  metathorax 
yellow ;  a  line  on  the  outside  of  the  anterior  tibiae  and  a  spot  on  the 
intermediate  and  posterior  coxae  yellow;  wings  brownish,  with  a 
violet  and,  in  some  lights,  coppery  iridescence.  Abdomen :  the  petiole 
elongate,  punctured,  its  apex  with  a  narrow  yellow  margin ;  the  fol- 
lowing segment  bordered  with  yellow. 

Hab.  Bouru. 

Gen.  Ehynchium,  Spin. 

1.  Rhynchium  haemorrhoidale,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  j).  259.  28. 

Hab.  Ceram  ;  Gilolo ;  Bachiau ;  Dory ;  Malacca ;  Singapore  ;  India. 

2.  Rhynchium  metallicum,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  i.  114.  21. 
Hab.  Ceram ;  Bachian ;  Sarawak ;  India. 

3.  Rhynchium  parentissimum,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  p.  111.  14  (var. 
R.  hsemorrhoidale?). 

Hab.  Timor;  Celebes;  Java;  India. 

Gren.  Odtneeus,  Latr. 

1.  Odynerus  agihs,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Sac.  iii.  164.  2. 
Hab.  Waigiou;  Aru. 


40  ME.  F.  SMITH  ON  HTMENOrTEEOUS  INSECTS 

2.  Odyuerus  insularis,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  21.  3. 
Hab.  Makassar. 

3.  Odynerus  fallax.  0.  niger,  capite  thoraceque  flavo  vaiiegatis, 
tarsis  pallide  flavis,  alls  hyalinis ;  abdoraine  petiolato,  segmentorum 
marginibus  flavo  fasciatis. 

Female.  Length  4J  lines.  Black  ;  tlie  head  and  thorax  punctured,  the 
disk  of  the  mesothorax  strongly  so;  the  clypeus,  mandibles,  a  bi- 
furcate spot  above,  the  inner  margin  of  the  eyes  as  high  as  their 
emargination,  and  the  scape  in  front  yellow;  the  base  and  apex  of 
the  mandibles  rufo-piceous ;  the  head  is  covered  with  a  fine  cinereous 
down,  especially  the  cheeks.  The  anterior  and  posterior  margins  of 
the  prothorax,  the  tegulse,  a  spot  on  each  side  of  the  scutellum  and 
postscutellum,  the  sides  of  the  metathorax,  a  spot  beneath  the  wings, 
the  anterior  and  intermediate  tibiae,  the  knees  and  the  tarsi  pale 
yellow ;  the  claw-joint  of  the  tai'si  pale  ferruginous ;  the  wings  hyaline 
and  iridescent.  Abdomen  petiolated,  of  a  brownish  black ;  the  mar- 
gins of  the  segments  bordered  with  yellow. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

4.  Odynerus  conspicuus.  0.  flavo-ferrugineus,  capite  thoraceque 
nigro  maculatis ;  alis  hyalinis,  paris  superioris  margine  antico  fusco. 

Female.  Length  3}  lines.  Yellowish  red ;  the  face,  thorax  at  the  sides 
and  beneath  yellow ;  the  clypeus  yellow,  its  anterior  margin  angular ; 
the  vertex  black;  the  flagcllum  fuscous  above.  The  mesothorax 
black,  with  a  longitudinal  broad  black  mark  in  the  middle,  which  is 
])ointed  towards  the  prothorax ;  a  narrow  black  line  runs  across  the 
scutellum,  postscutellum,  and  down  the  truncation  of  the  metathorax ; 
the  wings  hyaline,  the  anterior  margin  of  the  superior  pair  dark  fus- 
cous. Abdomen :  the  posterior  margin  of  the  basal  segment  'con- 
stricted and  yellow ;  the  second  segment  has  also  a  narrow  yellow 
border. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

5.  Odynerus  sobrinus.  0.  ferrugineus;  capite,  thorace  abdomine- 
que  nigro  variis  ;  abdominis  segmentis  flavo  fasciatis. 

Female.  Length  4 ^  lines.  Ferruginous;  the  ctypeus  and  a  spear-shaped 
mark  above,  the  orbits  of  the  eyes,  the  base  of  the  mandibles,  and  the 
scape  in  front  yellow  ;  a  transverse  curved  yellow  line  on  the  vertex, 
extending  to  the  orbits  of  the  eyes ;  the  scape  dusky  above.  Thorax  : 
the  scutellum  and  postscutellum  yellow,  bordered  with  black;  two 
longitudinal  yellow  lines  on  the  mesothorax,  the  space  between  them 
black;  the  sides  and  beneath  black;  a  spot  under  the  wings,  and  the 
coxae  yellow ;  the  wings  subhyaline,  with  the  anterior  margin  of  the 
superior  pair  narrowly  fuscous.  The  posterior  margins  of  the  seg- 
ments of  the  abdomen  yellow  ;  the  basal  segment  with  a  minute  spot 
in  the  middle,  the  second  with  a  large  triangidar  one  at  the  base  and 
a  larger  one  at  its  apical  margin  black    (the  points  of  the  angular 


OF  MTSOL,  CEEAM,  WAIGIOU,  UOURTJ,  A>'D  TIMOE.  41 

shapes  unitiug  in  the  middle), the followmg  segments  black;  beneath, 
the  two  basal  segments  red,  the  second  with  two  ovate  yellow  spots. 
Hub.  Ceram. 

6.  Odynerus  laboriosus.  0.  niger;  capite  thoraccque  distincte, 
abdomiue  dehcatiile  punctatis ;  abdominis  segmentis  duobiis  basalibus 
flavo  faseiatis. 

Male.  Length  4  lines.  Black  ;  head  and  thorax  strongly  and  closely 
punctured ;  the  clypeus,  a  triangular  spot  above  it,  a  line  on  the  inner 
margin  of  the  eyes  terminating  in  their  sinus,  and  an  abbreviated  line 
behind  them  yellow ;  an  interrupted  line  on  the  prothorax,  the  an- 
terior tibiae  and  tarsi,  a  hne  on  the  intermediate  and  posterior  tibiae 
yellow ;  the  tarsi  fulvous ;  the  wings  subhyahne,  the  anterior  margin 
of  the  superior  pair  fuscous.  Abdomen  shining  and  delicately  punc- 
tured, a  yellow  band  on  the  posterior  margins  of  the  first  and  second 
segments. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

Group  II.— >S'OCZ^i  WASFS. 

Pam.  VESPIDtE,  StepJt. 
Gen.  IscHNOGASTEE,  Sauss. 

1.  Ischnogaster  iridipennis.  Smith,  Proc,  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  IfiG.  1. 
Hab.  Mysol;  Aru. 

2.  Ischnogaster  unicolor.  I.  niger,  pedibus  obscure  ferruginels; 
alis  iridescentibus,  cellulis  prima  secundaque  submarginalibus  a;qua- 
libus,  tertia  breviore  et  ad  cellulam  marginalem  angustata. 

Male.  Length  8  lines.  Black;  the  abdomen  shining;  the  clypeus 
produced,  concave  or  spoon-shaped  at  the  apex,  the  concavity  smooth 
and  shining ;  the  twelfth  joint  of  the  antennae  and  the  basal  lialf  of  the 
thirteenth  pale  testaceous.  The  posterior  margin  of  the  prothorax  nar- 
rowly, but  obscurely,  rui'o-piceous ;  the  legs  obscure  rufo-fuscous,  the 
anterior  pair  more  or  less  rufo-testaceous ;  the  wings  fusco-hyaline 
and  Iridescent,  the  marginal  cell  clouded. 

Var.  The  thorax  at  the  sides  and  beneath  ferruginous,  with  the  legs 
paler. 

Hab,  Mysol;  Waigiou. 

Gen.  IcAEiA,  Satiss. 

1.  Icaria  maculiventris,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  p.  23.  1.  (Rhopalidia 
maculiventris,  Guer.  Voy.  Coq.  Zool.  ii.  pt.  2.  Ins.  p.  267,  pi-  9.  f.  8.) 

Hab.  Mysol;  New  Guinea;  Aru. 

2.  Icaria  nigra.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc,  iii.  IG/.  2. 
Hab.  Mysol;  Aru. 

3.  Icaria  impetuosa,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  131.  2. 
Hab,  Ceram;  Bachian ;  ximboyna. 


42  ME.  F.  SMITH  ON  HTMENOPTEBOUS  INSECTS 

4.  Icaria  ferruginea,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  p.  38.  17. 
Hab.  Ceram;  Celebes;  India. 

5.  Icaria  morosa.  I.  nigra,  opaca,  pube  sericea  vestita;  alis  subhya- 
linis ;  abdominis  segmentis  primo  at  secundo  raargine  flavo  fasciatis. 

Female.  Length  4^  lines.  Black,  opake,  and  thinly  covered  with  a 
silky  cinereous  pile ;  the  base  of  the  mandibles,  a  spot  on  each  side  of 
the  clypeus  and  another  on  each  side  of  the  face,  touching  the  eyes, 
yellow ;  the  scape  ferruginous  at  the  outer  side,  and  the  flagellum  ob- 
scurely testaceous  beneath  towards  its  apex  ;  the  head  closely  punc- 
tured. Thorax  strongly  and  closely  punctured;  wings  subhyaline, 
the  nervures  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  :  the  apical  margins  of  the  first 
and  second  segments  bordei-ed  with  yellow ;  the  margin  of  the  first 
strongly  constricted ;  finely  and  closely  punctured. 

Hab.  Waigiou. 

6.  Icaria  irritata.  I.  nigra;  clypeo  antice  angulato;  abdominis 
segmentis  flavo  fasciatis. 

Female.  Length  4]-  lines.  Black,  punctured,  and  shining ;  very  thinly 
covered  with  a  fine  cinereous  pile,  which  is  most  dense  on  the  cheeks 
and  abdomen  ;  a  yellow  spot  at  the  base  of  the  mandibles ;  the  flagel- 
lum rufo-testaceous  beneath  towards  the  apex.  The  wings  subhyaline, 
the  anterior  margin  of  the  superior  pair  narrowly  fuscous.  Abdomen  : 
the  apical  margin  of  the  basal  segment  with  a  very  narrow  yellow 
fascia,  all  the  following  segments  with  broad  fasciae. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

7-  Icaria  torrida.     7.  capite  thoraceque  ferrugineis,  abdomine  fusco. 

Female.  Length  4  lines.  The  head,  thorax,  legs,  and  petiole  of  the 
abdomen  ferruginous ;  the  clypeus  produced  into  a  shai-p  angle  at  its 
anterior  margin ;  the  wings  subhyaline,  with  a  fuscous  cloud  in  the 
marginal  cell.  Abdomen  :  the  second  and  following  segments  black ; 
thinly  covered  with  cinereous  pile. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

8.  Icaria  deceptor.  /.  ferruginea;  thorace  flavo  maculato;  abdo- 
minis segmento  secundo  flavo  marginato ;  alis  hj'alinis. 

Female.  Length  5]  lines.  Ferruginous ;  a  pale  testaceous  yellow  spot 
in  the  middle  of  the  clypeus,  and  a  line  of  the  same  colour  at  the 
inner  margin  of  the  eyes ;  the  scape  yellow  in  front.  The  prothorax 
with  the  anterior  margin  yellow;  the  tegulae,  a  spot  beneath  the 
wings,  a  spot  on  the  coxa3,  a  mark  beneath  the  anterior  and  interme- 
diate femora,  the  scutellum,  postscutellum,  and  a  broad  stripe  on 
each  side  of  the  metathorax  pale  yellow ;  the  wings  hyaline,  the  an- 
terior margin  of  the  superior  pair  narrowly  fuscous,  and  also  a  fuscous 
cloud  in  the  marginal  cell.  The  apical  margins  of  the  segments  of 
the  abdomen  bordered  with  yellow,  interrupted  on  the  fourth  and 
fifth  segments. 

Hab.  Mysol. 


or  MYSOL,  CEKAM,  WAIGIOU,  BOUEU,  AND  TIMOR.  43 

Gen.  PoLiSTES,  Latr. 

1.  Polistes  tepidus,  Fahr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  271.  7- 

Hob.  Waigiou  ;   Mysol ;  Aru ;   Key;   Bachian ;    Solomon  Island ;    New 
Guinea ;   Australia. 

2.  Polistes  diabolicus,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  p.  68.  27,  t.  6.  f.  7. 
Hab.  Ceram ;  Aru ;  Timor  ;  Java. 

3.  Polistes  elegans.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  169.  5. 
Hab.  Mysol ;  Ceram ;  Aru ;  Key  Island. 

4.  Polistes  nigrifrons,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  168.  4. 
Hab.  Waigiou;  Aru. 

5.  Polistes  Picteti,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  iv.  22.  2. 

Hab.  Goram ;  Amboyna ;  Bouru ;  Celebes ;  Ceram ;  Australia. 

6.  Polistes  Smithii,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  p.  60.  17. 
Hab.  Mysol;  Africa. 

7.  Polistes  stigma,  Fabr.  Syst,  Piez.  p.  261.  41. 
Hab.  Ceram;  Celebes;  India. 

8.  Polistes  fastidiosus,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  p.  60.  18. 
Hab.  Mysol;  Africa. 

In  the  specimen  from  Mysol  the  yellow  markings  of  the  thorax  are 
almost  obsolete,  but  the  metathorax  is  transversely  striated,  and  in  all  im- 
portant specific  characters  it  agrees  with  specimens  from  Africa. 

Gen.  PoLTBiA,  Sauss. 

1.  PoLYBiA  LiMATULA.  P.  nigra,  alls  subhyalinis;  abdomine  ferru- 
gineo,  marginibus  apicalibus  flavis. 

Female.  Length  6  lines.  Head,  antennae,  thorax,  and  legs  black ;  a 
pale  spot  at  the  base  of  the  mandibles,  and  the  antennae  and  tarsi 
rufo-fulvous  beneath ;  thinly  covered  with  cinereous  down  ;  the  wings 
subhyaline,  the  anterior  pair  slightly  yellowish  along  the  costa.  The 
abdomen  ferruginous,  more  or  less  dusky  in  dilFerent  specimens,  with 
a  narrow  yellow  border  to  all  the  segments ;  the  basal  segment 
campanulate,  not  bordered  beneath. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

Gen.  Vespa,  Linn. 

1.  Vespa  affinis,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  254.  2  (var.  V.  cincta?). 

Hab.  Ceram;  Mysol;  Gilolo;  Bachian;  Amboyna;  Dory;  Malacca; 
Java ;  India  ;  China. 

2.  V.  Alduini,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  p.  154.  38. 
Hab.  Ceram. 

Note. — Specimens  from  Ceram  have  the  head  obscure  red,  and  also 
more  coarsely  rugose,  as  is  also  the  metathorax ;  still,  as  Saussure  sug- 
gests, it  may  possibly  be  a  variety  of  V,  cincta. 


44  ME.  p.  SMITH  ON  HTMENOPTEEOUS  INSECTS 

3.  Vespa  Pliilippinensis,  Sauss.  M071.  Gxupes  Soc.  p.  148. 
Hub.  Boui'u;  Amboyna;  Philippine  Islands. 

4.  Vespa  UNicoLOR.     F.  nigra,  A-elutina ;  alis  flavis,  basi  rufo-fascis. 
Female.     Length   15  lines.     Black;   the  clypeus  coarsely  rugose,  the 

rest  of  the  head  rather  finely  punctured.  The  abdomen  somewhat 
shining  towards  the  base,  the  base  of  the  second  segment  with  a  fine 
changeable  cinereous  pile ;  the  wings  j'cUowish  hyaline,  becoming  of 
a  reddish  brown  towards  the  base;  the  nervures  black  at  the  base  of 
the  wings  and  rufo-testaceous  at  their  apes. 
Hab.  Bouru. 

This  species  closely  resembles  Vespa  deustu  of  St.  Fargeau,  but  is  a 
distinct  species ;  in  V.  deusta  the  eyes  extend  to  the  base  of  the  mandibles, 
which  is  not  the  case  in  the  present  species,  and  the  clypeus  and  post- 
scutcllum  are  black. 

Tarn.  ANDEENIDiE,  LeacJi. 
Gen.  Peosopis,  Fair. 

1.  Prosopis  apicata.  p.  ferruginea,  vertice  abdomineque  nigris; 
alis  hyalinis,  dimidio  apicali  fusco. 

Female.  Length  3~  lines.  Ferruginous ;  head  and  abdomen  shining ; 
the  vertex  and  mandibles  black,  the  latter  ferruginous  at  their  tips ; 
the  clypeus  and  sides  of  the  face  pale  flavo-testaceous ;  the  antennte 
fuscous,  the  scape  and  flagellum  beneath  o])scurely  rufo-testaceous ; 
the  wings  with  their  basal  half  hyaline,  the  apical  brown;  the  pos- 
terior pair  clear  and  beautifully  iridescent.  Abdomen :  the  three 
basal  segments  ferruginous,  the  apical  ones  black. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

2.  Prosopis  lusoria.  P.  nigra,  capite  thoraceque  alto  pictis;  ab- 
dominis segmentis  primo  et  secundo  albo  maculatis. 

'Female.  Length  4  lines.  Black ;  the  head  and  thorax  closely  punc- 
tured ;  a  line  at  the  orbits  of  the  eyes,  interrupted  above,  and  another 
running  from  the  anterior  stemma  to  the  frontal  margin  of  the  cly- 
peus, white;  the  scape  ferruginous  in  front,  the  flagellum  fulvous 
beneath.  Thorax  :  the  collar,  tubercles,  three  spots  in  a  line  beneath 
the  wings,  two  narrow  longitudinal  stripes  on  the  disk  of  the  meso- 
thorax,  a  line  over  the  tegulse,  and  a  spot  on  each  side  of  the  scutel- 
lum  and  postscutellum  white ;  the  triangular  space  at  the  base  of 
the  metathorax  longitudinally  striated.  Abdomen  closely  and  finely 
punctured ;  a  narrow  line  or  spot  on  each  side  of  the  two  basal  seg- 
ments ;  the  three  apical  segments  thinly  covered  with  cinereous  pu- 
bescence. 
Hab.  Mysol. 

3.  Prosopis  impertalis.  P.  capite  thoraceque  viridi-cyaneis,  abdo- 
minis segmentis  basalibus  purpureo  variegatis. 


OP  MTSOL,  CEKAir,  WAIGTOU,  BOURU,  AIS'D  TIMOK.  45 

Female.  Length  4|-  lines.  Head,  thorax,  and  legs  bright  green,  the 
legs  obscurely  so ;  the  face  shining,  with  a  reversed  T-shaped  mark 
on  the  clypeus,  a  minute  spot  between  the  antenna;,  and  a  narrow 
line  along  the  inner  orbit  of  the  eyes  white.  The  wings  slightly 
coloured,  with  the  nervures  black ;  the  first  and  second  segments  of 
the  abdomen  with  a  purple  lustre. 

Hab.  Dory. 

By  an  oversight,  this  beautiful  and  unique  insect  was  omitted  in  a 
former  paper  descriptive  of  the  insects  of  Bachian,  Dory,  &e. 

Geu.  NoMiA,  Zatr. 

1.  Nomia  dentata.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  133.  3. 
Hab.  Mysolj  Waigiou;  Aru. 

2.  Nomia  concinna.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  91.  ]. 
Hab.  Ceram;  Makassar. 

3.  Nomia  iridescens.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn,  Soc.  ii.  43.  2. 
_  Hab.  Bouru ;  Malacca ;  India. 

4.  Nomia  bidentata.  N.  nigra  et  punctata,  clypeo  pallide  testaceo; 
scutello  bidentato ;  abdomine  nitido ;  ahs  hyalinis. 

Male.  Length  42  lines.  Black  j  the  clypeus,  labrum,  and  mandibles 
pale  testaceous,  also  a  testaceous  spot  above  the  clypeus;  the  an- 
tenna; obscurely  fulvous  beneath.  Thorax :  the  scutcllum  emargiuate 
behind,  and  having  an  acute  short  spine  at  the  lateral  posterior  angles ; 
the  wings  hyaline  and  iridescent,  with  the  nervures  blackish ;  the  legs 
obscure  rufo-piceous.  The  abdomen  smooth,  shining,  and  finely 
punctured. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

6.  Nomia  florea.  N.  nigra,  capite  thoracequc  subopaeis ;  abdomine 
nitido,  basi  rufo-ferrugineo ;  alls  hyalinis. 

Male.  Length  4]  lines.  Black ;  the  clypeus,  labrum,  and  mandibles 
pale  testaceous,  the  latter  ferruginous  at  their  tips ;  the  scape  testa- 
ceous, and  slightly  ferruginous  above.  Thorax  :  the  wings  hyaline 
and  iridescent,  the  nervures  rufo-testaceous ;  the  coxae  dark  brown ; 
the  legs  pale  rufo-testaceous,  the  posterior  tibias  rufo-fuscous  above. 
The  abdomen  pale  rufo-testaceous  beneath;  above  shining  black, 
with  the  base  rufo-ferruginous. 

Hab.  Mysol. 

6.  Nokia  metallica.  N.  viridi-a;uea,  punctata;  facie  pubc  brcvi 
cinerca  tecta;  femoriljus  posticis  tlocco  pallido,  tibiis  externe  fusco- 
pubescentibus ;  alis  hyalinis. 

Female.  Length  4}  lines.  Dark  metallic  green,  with  bright  tints  of 
green  in  certain  lights;  the  clypeus  black,  smooth  and  shining  at 


46  ME.  F.  SMITH  ON  HTMENOPTEEOTJS  INSECTS 

the  apex ;  the  tips  of  the  mandibles  rufo-piceous  ;  the  flagellum  ful- 
vous beneath ;  the  face  with  a  thin  griseous  pubescence.  Thorax 
closely  punctured;  the  posterior  margin  of  the  scHtellum  and  the 
sides  of  the  thorax  fringed  with  pale  pubescence ;  the  wings  hyaline, 
with  their  apical  margins  clouded,  the  nervures  black ;  the  legs  with 
a  short  black  pubescence.  Abdomen  shining  and  finely  punctured. 
Hub.  Waigiou. 

7.  NoMiA  SIMILLIMA.  N.  nigra,  facie  thoraceque  cinereo-pubescen- 
tibus;  thorace  pallide  ferrugineo ;  abdominis  segmentorum  marginibus 
apicalibus  fulvo-testaceo  late  fasciatis. 

Female.  Length  4  hnes.  Black ;  the  apical  margin  of  the  clypeus,  the 
labrum  and  mandibles  pale  rufo-testaceous,  the  tips  of  the  mandibles 
ferruginous;  the  face  covered  with  cinereous  pubescence.  Thorax 
covered  above  with  cinereous  pubescence,  in  recent  specimens  pro- 
bably tinged  with  yellow;  the  tegulse  pale  rufo-testaceous,  the  wings 
hyaline  and  iridescent,  the  nervures  obscure  ferruginous;  the  legs 
pale  ferruginous.  Abdomen  closely  punctured,  the  apical  margins  of 
the  segments  broadly  testaceous. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

This  species  resembles  A'',  tmcta  from  Key  Island,  but  it  is  quite  distinct ; 
its  large  pale  tegulfe  would  alone  distinguish  it ;  its  head  is  much  narrower 
and  its  clypeus  much  more  produced. 

Tarn.  DASYGASTE^,  Leack 

Gen.  Me&achile,  Lafr. 

1.  Megachile  Alecto,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  134.4. 
Hab.  Mysol;  Doiy;  Gilolo. 

2.  Megachile  Lachesis,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  133.  2. 
Hab.  Mysol;  Bachian;  Amboyna;  Ceram;  Bourn. 

3.  Megachile  placida,  Smith,  Proc,  Linn,  Soc.  vi.  60.  5. 
Hab.  Mysol;  Gilolo. 

4.  Megachile  scabrosa,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  134.  2. 
Hab.  Bouru;  Aru. 

5.  Megachile  fulvifrons.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  G.  2. 
Hab.  Timor ;  Celebes. 

6.  Megachile  FUNERARiA.  If .  aterrima,  pube  nigra  vestita ;  thorare 
trausversim  rugoso  et  longitudinaliter  sulcato ;  abdomiue  obscure  vio- 
laceo-micante ;  alis  hyalinis,  apicibus  marginalibus  fuscis. 

Female.  Length  9^  lines.  Jet-black;  the  pubescence  on  the  he.id 
black  ;  the  vertex  smooth  and  shining,  the  cheeks  and  clypeus  rugose, 
the  latter  subcarinate  in  the  centre ;  the  mandibles  smooth,  with  a 


OF  MTSOL,  CEBAM,  -WAIGIOTJ,  BOTJEU,  AND  TIMOR.  47 

few  scattered  punctures,  and  armed  with  two  teeth  at  theu-  apex,  a 
third  tooth  being  shghtly  developed.  Thorax:  the  upper  surface 
transversely  rugose  and  with  four  longitudinal  impressed  lines ;  the 
sides  and  beneath  with  a  dense  black  pubescence ;  the  wings  smoky 
hyaline,  with  the  nervures  black  ;  the  tibiae  rugose  on  the  outside  and 
set  with  rigid  hairs,  the  tarsi  thickly  pubescent.  Abdomen  shining, 
with  a  changeable  purple  and  violet  iridescence,  sparingly  and  finely 
pimctiu-ed ;  beneath  thickly  clothed  with  black  pubescence. 
Hub.  Bouru. 

Gen.  CffiLioxTS,  Latr. 

1.  Ccelioxys  intrudens,  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc,  v.  132.  1. 
Hab.  Bouru ;  Bachian. 

Greu.  NoMADA,  Fabr. 

1.  NoMADA  iNSULARis.  N.  atra ;  anteunis,  pedibus  abdomineque 
ferrugineis ;  alis  hyalinis,  iridescentibus. 

Female.  Lengtli  2  lines.  Head  and  thorax  strongly  and  closely 
punctured ;  the  antennae,  clypeus,  inner  orbits  of  the  eyes,  labrum 
and  mandibles  ferruginous.  Thorax  :  the  scutellum,  postscutellum, 
tegulse,  a  large  patch  beneath  the  wings,  and  the  legs  ferruginous ; 
the  wings  hyaline  and  iridescent,  the  nervures  testaceous.  Abdomen 
ferruginous,  the  base,  and  the  apical  margins  of  the  second  and  third 
segments  rufo-piceous. 

Hab.  Ceram. 

2.  NoMADA  coNSPicuA.  N.  atra,  clypei  margine  anguste  flavo;  an- 
tennis  subtus  pedibusque  anticis  et  intermediis  ferrugineis ;  abdominis 
segmentis  duobus  albo  maculatis. 

Male.  Length  2|  lines.  Black ;  the  anterior  margin  of  the  clypeus, 
the  labrum  and  mandibles  yellow ;  the  antennee  ferruginous  beneath. 
Thorax :  the  scutellum  with  two  obscure  ferruginous  spots,  the  an- 
terior and  intermediate  legs,  the  posterior  femora  beneath,  and  the 
tibiae  at  their  apex,  as  well  as  the  tarsi,  ferruginous ;  the  wings  hyaline, 
their  apical  margins  clouded.  Abdomen  gradually  widened  from  the 
base  to  the  middle  of  the  second  segment,  and  from  thence  rounded 
to  the  apex,  being  somewhat  pearshaped ;  an  ovate  white  macula  at 
the  lateral  margin  of  the  second  segment,  and  a  short  white  line  a 
little  beyond  it ;  beneath  rufo-testaceous. 

Hab.  Timor. 

G-en.  Crocisa,  Jur. 

1.  Crocisa  nitidula,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  3S6.  2. 

Hab.  Mysol ;  Waigiou ;  Gilolo;  Ternate ;  Aru  Islands;  Amboyna; 
Menado;  Australia;  Ceram;  Timor. 


48  ME,  r.  SMITH  ON  HTMENOPTEEOUS  INSECTS. 

Geu.  Xylocopa,  Latr. 

1.  Xylocopa  perforator.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  vi.  Gl.  4. 
Hub.  Timor ;  Ternate. 

2.  Xylocopa  aestuans,  Linn,  Syst.  Nat.  i,  961.  53. 
Hab.  Timor;  Celebes;  Java;  Singapore;  India. 

3.  Xylocopa  unicolor.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  135.  2. 
Hab.  Bouru ;  Amboyna. 

4.  Xylocopa  provida.  X.  nigra,  pube  nigra  vestita;  thoracc  pos- 
tice  pube  flava  decorato;  alis  nigro-fuscis.  {Fcsmina.) — Flava,  tibiis 
posticis  intus  nigro  hirtis ;  alis  fusco-hyalinis,  apicibus  nigro  minute  et 
regulariter  crebrepunctatis.  {Mas.) 

Female.    Length  8 ^  lines.     Black,  and  clothed  with  black  pubescence ; 

the  face  with  a  thin  griseous  pubescence ;  the  flagellura,  except  the 

two  basal  segments,  fulvous  beneath.     The  thorax  clothed  with  bright 

yellow  pubescence ;  behind  the  wings  light  brown. 
Male.     Length  10  lines.     Clothed  with  pale  fulvous-yellow  pubescence ; 

antennae  as  in  the  female.     The  anterior  legs  elongate,  the  tarsi  with 

a  long  fringe  of  pubescence  outside ;  the  posterior  legs  curved  inwards ; 

clothed  outside  with  yellow,  and  inside  with  black  pubescence ;  the 

wings  subhyaline,  with  a  fine  cupreous  iridescence. 
Hab.  Mysol;  Waigiou. 

Geu.  Anthophoea,  Zatr. 

1.  Anthophora  zonata,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  955.  19. 

Hab.  Mysol;  Waigiou;  Gilolo;  Bachiau;  Celebes;  Dory;  Borneo; 
Java;  India;  Hong  Kong;  Shanghai;  Philippine  Islands;  Cerara. 

2.  Anthophora  elegans.  Smith,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  iii.  135.  2. 
Hab.  Ceram ;  Amboyna ;  Key  Island. 

Subfam.  Sociales. 

Gen.  Apis,  I/inn. 

1.  Apis  dorsata,  Fahr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  370. 
Hab.  Timor ;  India  ;  Malacca ;  Borneo. 

2.  Apis  socialis,  Latr.  Voy.  Humb.  ^-  Bonpl. 
Hab.  Timor ;  Ternate ;  Java ;  Malabar. 


OK  SARAWAK  HETEEOCEROUS  LEPIDOPTERA  49 

Catalogue  of  the  Heterocerous  Lcpidopterous  Insects  collected  at 
Sarawak,  in  Borneo,  by  Mr.  A.  E.  Wallace,  with  Descriptions 
of  New  Species.     By  Francis  Walker,  Esq.,  E.L.S. 

[Continued  from  vol.  vi.  p.  198.] 

Fam.  ACONTID^,  Guen. 
Gren.  Xantiiodes,  Ou^n. 

270.  Xanthodes  intersepta,  Guen.  Noct.  ii.  212.  J)79. 
Inhabits  also  Hindostan  and  Ceylon. 

Qen.  AcoNTiA,  Ochs. 

271.  AcoNTiA  MARGiNALis,  n.  s.  Mas  et  Fam.  Albida,  capite  tho- 
raceque  antico  subochraceis,  alis  anticis  acutis  bilineatis,  costa  spatio- 
que  marginali  oehraceis,  striga  marginal!  alba. 

Male  and  Female.  Whitish.  Head  and  fore  part  of  the  thorax  tinged 
with  ochraceous.  Palpi  ascending;  2nd  joint  curved  ;  3rd  lanceolate, 
about  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antenna:  of  the  male  hardly  pu- 
bescent. Fore  wings  acute  ;  costa  and  marginal  sjiace  ochraceous  ; 
this  hue  very  irregular  in  outline,  but  most  prevalent  in  front,  where  it 
includes  a  white  marginal  streak  ;  two  oblique  lines,  the  exterior  one 
black-speckled,  more  distinct  than  the  other.  Length  of  the  body 
4  lines;  of  the  wings  10  lines, 

272.  AcoNTiA  LEUCOPHyEA.  Mas.  Alba,  subiridescens,  alis  anticis 
apice  subrotundatis,  linea  obliqua  vix  arcuata  ]nmctoque  discali  fuscis, 
strigis  tribus  costalibus  subapicalibus  nigris,  punctis  marginalibus 
nigris,  alis  posticis  nigro-cinereis. 

Male.  White,  shining,  slightly  iridescent,  blackish  cinereous  beneath. 
Palpi  ascending,  smooth  ;  2nd  joint  curved ;  3rd  lanceolate,  less  than 
half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antenn<e  minutely  pubescent.  Abdomen 
attenuated,  extending  somewhat  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Fore  wings 
slightly  rounded  at  the  tips,  with  a  hardly  curved  brown  line  which 
extends  from  the  tips  to  near  the  base  of  the  interior  border ;  discal 
point  brown ;  three  minute  black  streaks  towards  the  tip  of  the  costa : 
space  along  the  interior  border  with  some  brown  speckles,  a  few  of 
which  are  confluent ;  marginal  points  black.  Hind  wings  blackish 
cinereous.     Length  of  the  body  5  lines  ;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

273.  AcoNTiA  RosEO-NiVEA,  n.  s.  Mas.  Alba,  capite  ferrugineo,  alis 
fascia  subraarginali  fusca,  spatio  marginali  roseo,  alis  anticis  acutis 
puncto  discali  nigro  liturisque  costalibus  fuscis, 

Male.     White,  with   a  testaceous  tinge  beneath.     Head   ferruginous. 
Palpi  short,  slender,  pon-ect,  not  extending  beyond  the  head.     An- 
tennae distinctly  pubescent.     Wings  with  an  irregular  brown  submar- 
ginal  band ;  marginal  space  with  a  rosy  tinge.      Fore  wings  acute, 
LINN.  PROC. — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  VII.  4 


50  ME.  F.  WA.LKEU  ON  HETEROCEEOUS  LEPIDOPTEEA 

with  a  black  discal  point  and  with  some  brown  costal  marks;  sub- 
marginal  band  bordered  with  white  on  the  outer  side.  Length  of  the 
body  4  lines  ;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

274.  AcoNTiA  INORDINATA,  u.  s.  Fosm.  Alba,  fusco  subconspersa, 
abdomine  absque  posticis  cinereis,  alis  anticis  litura  discali  strigaque 
posteriore  nigris,  tnaculis  tribus  subtrigonis  costalibus  plagaque  mar- 
ginali  nigro  notata  fuscis,  fimbria  fuscescente. 

Female.  White,  slightly  brown-speckled  Palpi  obhquely  ascending  ; 
3rd  joint  elongate-conical,  not  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  length  of 
the  2nd.  Abdomen  and  hind  wings  cinereous.  Fore  wings  with  an 
irregular  black  discal  mark,  whence  an  irregular  black  streak  proceeds 
inward  to  the  interior  border ;  three  brown  nearly  triangular  costal 
spots,  and  a  brown  marginal  patch  which  contains  some  black  marks  ; 
fringe  brownish.     Length  of  the  body  3  hues ;  of  the  wings  8  lines. 

275.  AcoNTiA  XANTHOPHiLA,  n.  s.  FoEtn.  Lutesccns,  palpis  albis  ar- 
ticulo  3°  cinereo,  abdomine  albo,  alis  anticis  subrotundatis  vix  lineatis, 
alis  posticis  albis  iridescentibus  semihyalinis. 

Female.  Luteous  yellow,  paler  beneath.  Palpi  white,  obliquely  ascend- 
ing ;  3rd  joint  cinereous,  elongate-conical,  less  than  half  the  length  of 
the  2nd.  Abdomen  white,  hardly  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings. 
Fore  wings  slightly  rounded  at  the  tips,  with  some  almost  obsolete 
indications  of  transverse  lines.  Hind  wings  white,  iridescent,  serai- 
hyaline.     Length  of  the  body  4  lines ;  of  the  wings  9  lines. 

276.  AcoNTiA  ?  INDECISA,  n.  s.  Fam.  Flava,  palpis  cinereo-fuscis, 
abdomine  cinereo-fusco,  alis  anticis  linea  lutea  obliqua  vix  conspicua, 
linea  exteriore  undulata  e  atomis  nigris,  spatio  marginali  ochraceo, 
punctis  marginalibus  nigris,  alis  posticis  cinereo-fuscis. 

Female.  Yellow.  Palpi  cinereous  brown,  slightly  ascending,  extending 
far  beyond  the  head ;  2nd  joint  broad,  pilose  ;  3rd  elongate-conical, 
less  than  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  -  Abdomen  pale  cinereous.  Fore 
wings  with  an  oblique  very  indistinct  luteous  line,  and  with  a  few 
black  speckles ;  exterior  line  undulating,  composed  of  black  speckles, 
obsolete  in  front ;  space  beyond  this  line  ochraceous,  black-speckled ; 
marginal  points  black.  Hind  wings  and  underside  cinereous  brown. 
Length  of  the  body  3|  lines  ;  of  the  wings  9  lines. 

277-  AcoNTiA  ?  SORDIDA,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Sordide  cinerea,  abdomine  abs- 
que posticis  pallidioribus,  alis  anticis  acutis  fusco  conspersis,  litura 
discali  punctoque  apicali  nigris,  lineis  duabus  vix  conspicuis,  punctis 
costalibus  punctisque  svibmarginalibus  pallidis,  fimbria  fusca,  alis  pos- 
ticis linea  marginali  fusca. 

Female.  Dingy  cinereous.  Second  joint  of  the  palpi  broad,  slightly 
fringed.  Abdomen  and  hind  wings  paler.  Fore  wings  acute,  brown - 
s])eckled,  with  an  irregular  black  discal  mark  and  with  a  black  apical 
])oint ;  some  slight  traces  of  two  irregular  lines ;  a  few  pale  costal 


COLLECTET)  AT  SAUAWAK.  51 

jioints  and  a  row  of  pale  submavginal  points ;  fringe  brown.  Ilinil 
wings  with  a  brown  marginal  line.  Length  of  the  body  2^  lines  ;  of 
the  wings  7  lines. 

2/8.  AcoNTiA?  CUPRINA,  n.  s.  Cupreo-rufescens,  abdomine  alisque 
posticis  ferrugineo-cinereis,  pal|)is  porrectis,  alis  anticis  nigro  subcon- 
spersis  apice  subrotundatis,  nota  reuiformi  nigro  notata  et  marginata, 
lineis  duabus  nigricantibus  nndulatis  vix  conspicuis,  fimbria  rufescente, 
margine  interiore  subexcavato. 

Cupreous  reddish,  paler  beneath.  Abdomen  and  hind  wings  cinereoxis, 
with  a  ferruginous  tinge.  Palpi  porrect ;  3rd  joint  conical,  less  than 
half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Abdomen  not  extending  beyond  the  hind 
wings.  Fore  wings  minutely  black-speckled,  slightly  rounded  at  the 
tips ;  reniform  mark  nearly  round,  slightly  black-pupilled  and  -bor- 
dered ;  interior  and  exterior  lines  blackish,  undulating,  very  indistinct ; 
fringe  dark  reddish ;  interior  border  slightly  excavated  exteriorly. 
Length  of  the  body  4  lines ;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

Gen.  Dyezela,  Walk. 

279.  Dyrzela  incrassata.  Walk.  Cat.Lep.  3rd  ser.  1759. 

280.  Dyrzela  parallela,  n.  s.  Mas  et  Ftem.  Purpureo-fusca,  iilis 
anticis  lineis  tribus  fuscis  subobliquis  fere  parallelis,  macula  magna 
costali  cupreo-fusca  cinereo  marginata,  punctis  marginalibus  nigris, 
alis  posticis  cupreo-fuscis. 

Male.  Brown,  with  purple  reflexions.  Palpi  obliquely  ascending,  ex- 
tending far  beyond  the  head  ;  3rd  joint  less  than  half  the  length  of 
the  2nd.  Antenna;  moderately  pectinated  to  much  beyond  half  the 
length.  Abdomen  elongate-conical,  hardly  extending  beyond  the 
hind  wings.  Legs  thick,  fringed.  Fore  wings  with  three  nearly  par- 
allel slightly  oblique  brown  lines  ;  a  large  dark  cupreovis-brown  cine- 
reous-bordered costal  spot  beyond  the  3rd  line ;  marginal  points  black. 
Hind  wings  cupreous  brown.  Length  of  the  body  5  lines ;  of  the 
wings  10  lines. 

Female.  Third  joint  of  the  palpi  much  more  than  half  the  length  of  the 
2nd.  Antennae  bare.  Fore  wings  with  the  lines  more  undulating ; 
1st  line  blackish,  broader  and  more  distinct  than  the  other  two;  cos- 
tal spot  more  excavated  on  the  outer  side. 

Gen.  Gaeella,  n.  g. 

F(£7n.  Corpus  robustum.  Proboscis  brevis.  Palpi  oblique  ascendentes, 
verticem  superantes ;  articulus  S"''  linearis,  2°  non  brevior.  AntentKe 
nudae.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  pauUo  superans.  Pedes  validi ;  tibiae 
posticse  calcaribus  quatuor  longis.  Alee  anticae  apice  rotundatae,  costa 
convexa,  margine  exteriore  subconvexo  vix  obliquo. 

Female.  Body  stout.  Proboscis  short.  Palpi  obliquely  ascending, 
risino-  higher  than  the  vertex  5  3rd  joint  hnear,  rounded  at  the  tip,  as 

4* 


52  MR.  F.  "WALKER  ON  nETEROCEROUS  LEPIDOPTERA 

long  as  the  2nd.  Antennae  smooth.  Abdomen  extending  a  little 
beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  stout ;  hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs. 
Wings  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  rounded  at  the  tips;  costa 
convex ;  exterior  border  slightly  convex,  hardly  oblique. 

281.  Garella  ROTUNDiPENNis,  n.  s.  Fosm.  Schistacea,  subtus  nigro- 
cinerea,  abdomine  absque  posticis  obscure  cinereis,  alis  anticis  lineis 
nonnullis  angulosis  interruptis,  fascia  basali  diffusa  fusca,  guttis  sub- 
margiualibus  punctisque  margiualibus  nigris. 

Female.  Slaty  cinereous,  blackish  cinereous  beneath.  Abdomen  and 
hind  wings  dark  cinereous,  iridescent.  Fore  wings  with  some  zigzag 
interrupted  black  lines;  a  diffuse  brown  band  near  the  base;  submar- 
ginal  line  composed  of  black  dots ;  marginal  points  black.  Length 
of  the  body  4  lines ;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

G-en.  Bantana,  n.  g. 

Fcem,  Corpus  robustum.  Proboscis  distincta.  Palpi  ascendentes, 
compressi,  verticem  superantes ;  articulus  3"'  longi-fusiformis,  2°  non 
brevior.  Antennce  subpubescentes.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  non  su- 
perans.  Pedes  laeves ;  tibiae  posticse  calcaribus  quatuor  longissimis. 
Alee  latiusculse,  breviusculae ;  anticse  apice  rectangulatac,  costa  margi- 
neque  exteriore  vix  convexis. 

Female.  Body  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  erect,  compressed,  not 
broad,  rising  higher  than  the  vertex  ;  3rd  joint  elongate-fusiform,  as 
long  as  the  2nd.  Antennae  minutely  pubescent.  Abdomen  not  ex- 
tending beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  smooth,  moderately  stout ; 
hind  tibiae  with  four  very  long  spurs.  Wings  rather  broad  and  short. 
Fore  wings  rectangular  at  the  tips  ;  costa  and  exterior  border  hardly 
convex,  the  latter  hardly  oblique. 

282.  Bantana  albida,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Albida,  nigro  conspersa,  thorace 
autico  fusco,  abdomine  absque  posticis  cinereo-fuscis,  alis  anticis  fas- 
ciis  duabus  diffusis  fuscis,  2*  marginali,  lineis  duabus  nigris  flexis,  1^ 
incompleta,  linea  submarginali  nigra  angulosa. 

Female.  Whitish,  black-speckled.  Thorax  brown  in  front.  Abdomen, 
hind  wings,  and  underside  cinereous  brown.  Fore  wings  with  two 
irregular  and  diffuse  brown  bands ;  2nd  band  marginal ;  interior  and 
exterior  lines  black,  bent ;  the  former  incomplete  ;  a  slight  interme- 
diate hue  which  is  obsolete  in  front ;  submarginal  line  black,  zigzag. 
Hind  wings  with  an  aeneous  tinge.  Length  of  the  body  4^  hues  ;  of 
the  wings  11  lines. 

Gen.  CoRTicATA,  n.  g. 

Fcem.  Corp?<s  robustum.  Prohoscishx^vis..  Pa/pj  oblique  ascendentes, 
verticem  non  superantes  ;  articulus  3"*  lanceolatus,  2°  vix  brevior. 
Antennce  nudae.  graciles.      Abdomen    alas  posticas  pauUo   suj)erans. 


COLLECTED  AT  SARAWAK.  53 

Pedes  Ircves.  Ala  anticie  sat  angusta^,  apice  lectangulatae,  costa  vix 
convexa,  margine  exteriore  non  convexo. 
Female.  Body  stout.  Proboscis  short.  Palpi  obliquely  ascending,  not 
rising  higher  than  the  vertex  ;  .3rd  joint  lanceolate,  nearly  as  long  as 
the  2nd.  Antennae  smooth,  slender.  Abdomen  extending  a  little 
beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  smooth.  Wings  rather  narrow.  Fore 
wings  rectangidar  at  the  tips;  costa  very  slightly  convex;  exterior 
border  slightly  oblique,  not  convex. 

283.  CoRTiCATA  scoPARioiDES,  n.  s.  F(£m.  Schistacea,  thorace  fas- 
cia nigra,  alis  anticis  fuseo  subtinctis,  maculis  duabus  costalibus  fuscis 
ex  parte  nigro  marginatis,  lineis  pallide  cinereis  denticulatis  flexis 
nigro  notatis,  punctis  margiualibus  nigris,  alis  posticis  cinereis  semi- 
hyalinis. 

Female.  Slaty  cinereous.  Thorax  with  a  black  band  in  front.  Abdo- 
men cinereous,  slightly  iridescent.  Fore  wings  slightly  and  partly 
tinged  with  brown;  two  brown  partly  black-bordered  spots  on  the 
costa,  one  near  the  base,  the  other  before  the  middle ;  interior  and 
exterior  lines  pale  cinereous,  denticulated,  bent,  accompanied  by  some 
minute  black  marks ;  subraarginal  Hue  more  indistinct ;  marginal 
points  black.  Hind  wings  cinereous,  semihyaline.  Length  of  the 
body  3  lines  ;  of  the  wings  8  lines. 

Gen.  Aeiolica,  n.  g. 

Fcem.  Corpus  vix  robustum.  Proboscis  brevis.  Palpi  graciles,  verti- 
cem  paullo  superantes ;  articulus  3*^^  lanceolatus,  2"  brevior.  Antennce 
graciles,  glabrae.  Abdomen  alas  posticus  paullo  superans.  Pedes  laeves, 
graciles.  Alee  anticae  acutae,  costa  perparum  convexa,  margine  ex- 
teriore perobliquo. 

Female.  Body  hardly  stout.  Proboscis  short.  Palpi  slender,  erect, 
rising  a  little  higher  than  the  vertex ;  3rd  joint  lanceolate,  shorter 
than  the  2nd.  Antennae  slender,  smooth.  Abdomen  extending  a 
little  beyond  the  hind  wmgs.  Legs  smooth,  slender ;  hind  tibiae  with 
four  long  spurs.  Wings  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  acute  ;  costa 
very  slightly  convex  ;  exterior  border  slightly  convex,  very  obhque. 

Allied  to  Xanthodes. 

284.  Ariolica  lineolata,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Flava,  subtus  alba,  abdo- 
mine  subaurato,  alis  anticis  albo  biUneatis,  linea  1"  subrecta,  2*  un- 
dulata,  reniformi  e  annulo  elongate  albo,  alis  posticis  albis  margine 
exteriore  subaurato. 

Female.  Yellow,  white  beneath.  Abdomen  white,  shghtly  gilded.  Fore 
wings  with  two  slender  white  Unes ;  interior  Une  nearly  straight ;  ex- 
terior line  undulating,  curved  outward  ;  reniform  mark  represented  by 
a  transverse  elongated  white  ringlet.  Hind  wings  white,  shghtly 
gilded  along  the  exterior  border.  Length  of  the  body  5  hues ;  of  the 
wings  14  lines. 


5i  Mk.  F.  WALKER  ON   UETEROCEHOUS  LEPIDOPTEltA 

286,  Ariolica?  signata,  n.  s.  Mas.  Cervina,  robusta,  palpis  suli- 
arcuatis,  antennis  pubescentibus,  alls  auticis  subacutis,  puncto  discali 
nigro,  lineis  duabus  ferrugineis,  1"  undulata,  2*  recta  obliqua,  spatio 
exteriore  cupreo-fusco  lineam  nigram  angulosam  includente,  plaga  cos- 
tali  ferruginea  lituram  cinereara  nigro  marginatam  includente. 

Male.  Fawn-colour,  robust,  mostly  cinereous  beneatb.  Palpi  slightly 
curved.  Antenna;  distinctly  pubescent.  Fore  wings  slightly  acute  ; 
costa  and  exterior  border  hardly  convex ;  discal  point  black  ;  interior 
and  exterior  lines  ferruginous  ;  the  former  undulating ;  the  latter 
straight,  oblique,  more  strongly  marked;  s])aee  beyond  cupreous 
brown,  including  an  indistinct  black  zigzag  line  ;  a  ferruginous  patch 
along  the  apical  part  of  the  costa,  including  a  cinereous  black- 
bordered  costal  mark.  Length  of  the  body  4  ?  lines ;  of  the  wings  10 
lines. 

Gen.  EuLEPA,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  sat  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  ascendentes, 
verticem  non  superantes ;  articulus  3"*  brevis.  Antennce  vix  pubes- 
centes.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  non  superans  ;  fasciculus  apicalis  par- 
vus. Pec^e*  sat  validi ;  tibiae  posticae  calcaribus  quatuor  longis.  Alee 
anticae  apice  vix  rotundatae,  costa  recta,  margine  exteriore  subconvexo. 

Male.  Body  moderately  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  ascending, 
moderately  stout,  not  rising  higher  than  the  vertex ;  3rd  joint  elongate- 
conical,  about  one-fourth  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  hardly 
pubescent.  Abdomen  not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings ;  apical 
tuft  small.  Legs  moderately  stout ;  hind  tibia;  with  four  long  spurs. 
Wings  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  hardly  rounded  at  the  tips ; 
costa  straight ;  exterior  border  slightly  convex,  moderately  oblique. 

286.  EuLEPA  NiVEiGUTTA,  n.  s.  Mas.  Ochraceo-fusca,  alis  anticis 
lituris  pallidioribus  necnon  maculis  punctisque  albis,  lunulis  margi- 
nalibus  nigris,  punctis  marginalibus  albis,  alis  posticis  cupreo-fuscis 
fimbria  cinerea. 

Male.  Ochraceous  brown,  mostly  cinereous  beneath.  Abdomen  cine- 
reous. Fore  wings  with  some  paler  marks  and  with  several  w  hite  spots 

,  and  points,  most  of  which  form  two  irregular  bands  ;  one  spot  apical ; 
marginal  lunules  black,  separated  by  white  points  which  extend  to  the 
fringe.  Hind  wings  cupreous  brown ;  fringe  cinereous.  Length  of 
the  body  4^-5  lines;  of  the  wings  11-12  lines. 

Gen.  Dapha,  n.  g. 

Fcem.  Corpus  robustum,  laeve,  squamosum.  Proboscis  brevis,  gracilis. 
Palpi  porrecti,  compressi,  caput  superantes  ;  articulus  2"'  supra  con- 
vexus  ;  3"*  lanceolatus,  2'  dimidio  non  brevior.  Antennas  glabrje,  gra- 
ciles.  Abdometi  alas  posticas  paullo  superans.  Pedes  breves,  graciles, 
calcaribus  longis.  Alee  anticae  acutae,  costa  vix  convexa,  maro-iue  ex- 
teriore subtiexo. 


COLLECTED  AT  SAKAWAK.  55 

Female.  Body  stout,  smooth,  squamous.  Frontal  tuft  prominent.  Pro- 
boscis short,  slender.  Palpi  porrect,  compressed,  extending  rather 
far  beyond  the  head ;  2nd  joint  convex  above  ;  3rd  lanceolate,  about 
half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  smooth,  slender.  Abdomen 
tapering,  extending  a  little  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  smooth, 
slender ;  spurs  long.  Wings  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  acute  ; 
costa  hardly  convex ;  exterior  border  indistinctly  bent,  slightly  oblique 
hindward. 

287.  Dapha  exhibens,  n.  s.  Foem.  Alba,  vix  testaceo  suffusa,  alis 
anticis  iridescentibus  fusco  nigroque  conspersis,  lineis  duabus  ochra- 
ceis  denticulatis  obliquis,  l"  incompleta,  2"'  Integra  extus  albido  mar- 
ginata  apnd  costam  retracta,  spatio  marginali  purpurascente,  punctis 
marginalibus  albis,  fimbria  fusca,  alis  postieis  purpureo-cinereis  basi 
albo-cinereis. 

Female.  Whitish,  with  a  very  slight  testaceous  tinge.  Fore  wings 
iridescent,  irregularly  brown-  and  black-speckled,  with  two  ochraceous 
oblique  denticulated  lines  ;  1st  line  very  incomplete;  2nd  line  entire, 
whitish-bordered  on  the  outer  side,  abruptly  retracted  in  front ;  ex- 
terior space  mostly  with  a  purplish  tinge;  marginal  points  white; 
fringe  brown.  Hind  wings  purplish  cinereous,  whitish  cinereous  to- 
wards the  base.     Length  of  the  body  4  lines ;  of  the  wings  9  lines. 

Gen.  Flammona,  n.  g. 

Corpus  vix  robustum.  Proboscis  gracilis.  Palpi  obliqui,  vix  validi, 
verticem  non  superantes ;  articulus  3"^*  minimus.  Antenna  validae, 
glabra;,  vix  compressae.  Pedes  Iseves ;  tibia;  postica;  subdilatata;, 
quadricalcaratfe.  Alee  anticse  elongatse,  apice  rotundatae,  costa  recta, 
margine  exteriore  subconvexo  perobliquo. 

Body  hardly  stout.  Frontal  tuft  flat,  prominent.  Proboscis  slender. 
Palpi  hardly  stout,  obliquely  ascending,  not  rising  higher  than  the 
vertex  ;  3rd  joint  extremely  minute.  Antennae  stout,  smooth,  very 
slightly  compressed.  Legs  smooth  ;  hind  tibiae  slightly  dilated,  with 
four  moderately  long  spurs.  Wings  elongate,  moderately  broad.  Fore 
wings  rounded  at  the  tips  ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  slightly 
convex,  very  oblique. 

288.  Flammona  quadrifasciata,  n.  s.  Schistaceo-cinerea,  alis  an- 
ticis fasciis  quatuor  nigris  obliquis  subparallelis,  3''  4''que  intus  albo 
marginatis,  striga  discali  tenui  nigra,  alis  postieis  albidis  basi  cupreo- 
rufescentibus. 

Slaty  cinereous,  paler  beneath.  Abdomen  pale  cinereous.  Fore  wings  with 
four  oblique  nearly  parallel  black  bands;  1st  and  2nd  bands  slightly 
diverwius  from  each  other  hindward ;  3rd  and  4th  white-bordered  on 
the  inner  side  ;  3rd  narrower  than  the  2nd,  broader  than  tlic  4tli ;  a 
slender  black  discul  streak  between  the  2nd  and  3rd  bauds.     Hmd 


50  MR.  F.  WALKER  ON  HETEROCEROTJS  LEPIDOPTERA 

wings  whitish,  cupreous  reddish  towards  the  base.     Leugth  of  the 
body  4  ?  lines;  of  the  wings  11  lines. 

Gen.  DiMiRiCA,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Cor/JMS  sat  robustum.  Proiosm  distincta.  PaZpi  erecti,  vix  lati, 
verticem  pauUo  superantes ;  artieulus  3"'  linearis,  2°  paullo  brevior, 
Atitennce  pubescentes.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  non  superans ;  fasci- 
culus apicalis  parvus.  Pedes  validi,  pilosi ;  tibiae  postica;  calcaribus 
qiiatuor  longissimis.  Alee  anticaj  ampla;,  apice  subrotundata;,  costa 
recta,  margine  exteriore  convexo. 

Male,  Body  moderately  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  erect,  hardly 
broad,  rising  a  little  higher  than  the  vertex ;  3rd  joint  linear,  rounded 
at  the  tip,  a  little  shorter  than  the  2nd.  Antennae  distinctly  pubes- 
cent. Abdomen  not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings ;  apical  tuft 
small.  Legs  stout,  pilose ;  hind  tibiae  w  ith  four  very  long  spurs. 
Wings  ample.  Fore  wings  slightly  rounded  at  the  tips ;  costa  straight ; 
exterior  border  convex,  rather  oblique. 

289.  DiMiRicA  NUBIFERA,  n.  s.  Mus.  Albida,  subtus  fusca,  palpis 
extus  ferrugineis,  abdomine  fusco  iridescente,  alis  anticis  cyaneo  pur- 
pureoque  suifusis,  plagis  duabus  costalibus  liueisque  tribus  denticulatis 
undulatis  nigricantibus,  fimbria  nigricante  albido  strigata,  alis  posticis 
fuscis. 

Male.  Whitish,  brown  beneath.  Palpi  ferruginous  on  the  outer  side. 
Thorax  ferruginous  in  front.  Abdomen  iridescent  brown.  Fore  wings 
mostly  suiFused  with  metallic  blue  and  purplish  tints ;  costa  with  two 
blackish  patches  ;  one  at  the  base,  accompanied  by  some  blackish 
points  }  three  denticulated  undulating  blackish  lines ;  fringe  blackish, 
with  whitish  streaks.  Hind  wings  brown.  Length  of  the  body  5  lines  ; 
of  the  wings  14  lines. 

Gen.  Penza,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  robustum.  Proboscis  valida.  Palpi  subascendentes, 
caput  paullo  superantes ;  artieulus  3"^*  brevissimus.  Antennce  sub- 
pectinatae,  breviusculae.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  vix  superans.  AIcb 
anticae  acutae,  costa  recta,  margine  exteriore  convexo. 

Male.  Body  stout.  Proboscis  robust.  Palpi  slightly  ascending,  ex- 
tending a  little  beyond  the  head  ;  3rd  joint  extremely  short.  An- 
tennae slightly  pectinated,  rather  short  and  stout.  Abdomen  hardly 
extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Wings  moderately  broad.  Fore 
wings  acute ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  convex,  moderately 
oblique. 

This  genus  and  the  following  one  should  perhaps  be  removed  from 
the  Acontidce ;  but  their  affinities  are  doubtful. 

290.  Penza  puncticeps,  n.  s.  Mas.  Ferrugineo-fusca,  abdomine 
cinereo,  alis  anticis  cinereo  suflFusis,  lineis  cinereis  angulosis  valdc  in- 


COLLECTED  AT  SARAWAK.  57 

distiuctis,  nota  reniformi  magna  cinerea  rufescente  marginata,  punctis 
tribus  costalibus  albiclis.  alis  posticis  cinereo-fuscis  subtus  bilineatis. 
Male.  Ferruginous  brown,  cinereous  brown  beneath.  Basal  joint  of 
the  antennae  pale  at  the  tip.  Abdomen  cinereous.  Fore  wings 
suffused  with  cinereous  gloss  ;  transverse  lines  cinereous,  zigzag,  very 
indistinct ;  reniform  mark  large,  cinereous,  much  contracted  in  front, 
bordered  with  ferruginous  red ;  costa  with  three  whitish  points  towards 
the  tip.  Hind  wings  cinereous  brown,  with  two  darker  lines  on  the 
underside.     Length  of  the  body  4  lines  ;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

Greu.  Choluata,  u.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  crassum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  robusti,  obliqui, 
verticem  non  superantes ;  articulus  3"^  brevis.  Antennce  subpectinatse, 
apices  versus  simplices.  Abdomen  cristatum,  alas  posticas  paullo  su- 
perans.  Pe(/es  robusti,  pilosi ;  tarsi  spinosi.  .^4 /<e  latiusculae,  anticae 
apice  rectangulatse,  costa  subconvexa,  margine  exteriore  vix  convexo. 

Male.  Body  very  robust.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  stout,  obliquely  as- 
cending, not  rising  so  high  as  the  vertex ;  3rd  joint  elongate-conical, 
about  one -fourth  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  very  slightly 
pectinated  to  two-thirds  of  the  length.  Abdomen  crested,  extending 
a  little  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  robust,  pilose ;  spurs  stout, 
moderately  long;  tarsi  spinose.  Wings  rather  broad.  Fore  wings 
rectangular  at  the  tips  ;  costa  almost  straight ;  exterior  border  hardly 
convex,  oblique  hindward. 

291.  Choluata  EBURNEiFERA,  n.  s.  Mas,  Obscure  ferrugineo-fusca, 
abdomine  cinereo  cristis  ferrugineo-fuscis,  alis  anticis  fasciis  duabus 
eburneis  non  obliquis,  2^  interrupta,  fascia  exteriore  dentata  ferruginea, 
lunulis  marginalibus  ni'gris,  puncto  discali  albo,  alis  posticis  basi  pal- 
lide  cinereis  subtus  albido  conspersis. 

Male.  Dark  ferruginous  brown,  somewhat  paler  and  partly  cinereous 
beneath.  Abdomen  cinereous,  with  ferruginous  brown  crests.  Fore 
wings  with  two  in-egular  upright  ivory-white  bands ;  2nd  band  inter- 
rupted, more  irregular  than  the  1st,  contiguous  on  the  outer  side  to  a 
dentate  ferruginous  band  ;  a  white  discal  point ;  marginal  lunules 
black.  Hind  wings  ferruginous,  pale  cinereous  towards  the  base; 
underside  with  minute  whitish  speckles ;  discal  spot  and  zigzag  exte- 
rior line  ferruginous.  Length  of  the  body  6  lines ;  of  the  wings  14 
lines. 

Gren.  AuTOBA,  n.  g, 

Mas.  CorpMsrobustum,laeve,  squamosum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi 
ascendentes,  Iseves,  sat  graciles ;  articulus  2"*  arcuatus ;  3"^  parvus, 
lanceolatus.  Antennce  pubescentes.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  vix  supe- 
rans.  Pet/es  robusti,  brevissimi ;  calcaria  longissima  ;  tarsi  latissimi. 
AlcB  antica;  ampla,  apice  rectaugulatse,  costa  recta,  margine  exteriore 
postico  convexo. 


58  MR.  F.  AVAIiKER  ON  HETEBOCEROUS  LEPIDOPTEBA 

Male.  Body  robust,  smooth,  squamous.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi 
ascending,  smooth,  rather  slender;  2nd  joint  curved;  3rd  minute, 
lanceolate,  less  than  one-fourth  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antenna; 
distinctly  pubescent.  Abdomen  hardly  extending  beyond  the  hind 
wings.  Legs  stout,  very  short ;  tarsi  very  broad  ;  hind  tibiae  with 
four  very  long  spurs.  Wings  ample ;  fringe  long.  Fore  wings  acutely 
rectangular  at  the  tips ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  convex  and 
oblique  hindward. 

292.  AuTOBA  VERSICOLOR,  n.  s.  Mas.  Cinerea,  nigro  conspersa,  sub- 
tus  lutescens,  capite  thoraceque  antico  fuscis,  abdominis  basi  rufes- 
cente,  alis  fascia  fusca  obliqua  intus  diffusa,  lineis  tribus  denticulatis, 
alis  anticis  costa  rosea  nigro  bistrigata,  alis  posticis  fimbria  saturate 
rufa. 

Male.  Cinereous,  black- speckled,  pale  luteous  beneath.  Head  and 
fore  border  of  the  thorax  brown.  Thorax  with  a  rosy  tinge  adjoining 
the  brown  part.  Abdomen  reddish  towards  the  base.  Wings  with  a 
brown  band,  which  is  concise  on  the  outer  side  and  diffuse  on  the 
inner  side,  and  extends  from  the  tips  of  the  fore  wings  to  half  the 
length  of  the  interior  border  of  the  hind  wings  ;  interior,  exterior,  and 
submargiual  lines  black,  slight,  denticulated.  Fore  wings  with  a  rosy 
tinge  along  the  costa,  which  has  two  exterior  obliciue  black  streaks 
and  three  more  exterior  pale  points.  Hind  wings  with  a  deep-red 
fringe.     Length  of  the  body  5  lines ;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

Pam.  EEASTEID^,  Guen. 
Gren.  Ebasteia,  OcJis. 

293.  Erastria  securifera,  n.  s.  Mas.  Albida,  gracilis,  thorace  fusco, 
humeris  albis,  abdomine  longo,  alis  anticis  fuscis,  vitta  subcostali  striga- 
que  obliqua  lineaque  submarginali  albis,  alis  posticis  cinereis. 

Male.  Whitish,  slender.  Antennae  very  minutely  pubescent.  Thorax 
brown  ;  shoulders  white.  Abdomen  long,  extending  beyond  the  hind 
wings.  Fore  wings  brown,  with  a  subcostal  white  stripe,  which  is 
abbreviated  by  an  oblique  white  streak ;  the  two  somewhat  hatchet- 
shaped  ;  a  white  submarginal  line,  attenuated  in  front.  Hind  wings 
cinereous.     Length  of  the  body  3|  lines ;  of  the  wings  7  lines. 

Pam.  ANTHOPHILID^,  Dup. 
Gen.  MicuA,  Guen. 

294.  MiCRA  DEROGATA,  var.  Mas.  Alba,  alis  anticis  fascia  exteriore 
obliqua  latissiraa  purpurea  fuscescente  marginata  strigam  albam  extus 
nigro  marginatam  includeute,  fimbria  fuscescente  albo  interlineata, 
alis  ))Osticis  margine  exteriore  fuscescente. 

Male.     White.     Third  joint  of  the  palpi  lanceolate,  less  than  half  the 


COLLECTED  AT  SAKAWAK.  59 

length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  minutely  pubescent.  Fore  wings  with 
an  oblique  exterior  very  broad  ))urple  band  which  is  bordered  with 
brownish  on  both  sides,  and  contains  an  oblique  white  streak  which 
is  bordered  with  black  on  the  outer  side ;  fringe  brownish,  interlined 
with  white.  Hind  wings  brownish  along  the  exterior  border.  Length 
of  the  body  3  lines ;  of  the  wings  7  lines. 
Inhabits  also  Ceylon.  It  may  be  distinguished  from  the  Australian  M. 
derogata  by  its  smaller  size  and  by  a  very  slight  difference  in  the 
markings. 

Gen.  Gaeiga,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  sat  gracile.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  porrecti,  va- 
lidi,  cajjut  longe  superantes ;  articulus  3"^  linearis,  2'  dimidio  non 
brevior.  AntenncB  glabra3.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  snperans ;  fasci- 
culus apicalis  parvus.  Pedes  laves,  validi.  Alee  antics  apice  rec- 
tangulatae,  costa  basi  subconvexa,  margine  exteriore  postieo  sub- 
obliquo. 

Male.  Body  rather  slender.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  porrect,  stout, 
extending  rather  far  beyond  the  head ;  3rd  joint  linear,  rounded  at 
the  tip,  much  more  slender  than  the  2nd,  and  about  half  its  length . 
Antennae  smooth.  Abdomen  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings  ;  apical 
tuft  small,  radiate.  Legs  smooth,  stout ;  hind  tibiae  with  one  of  the 
apical  spurs  extremely  long.  Wings  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings 
acutely  rectangular  at  the  tips ;  costa  very  slightly  convex  towards 
the  base ;  exterior  border  slightly  oblique  hindward. 

295.  Gariga  argentilinea,  n.  s.  Mas.  Viridis,  subtus  rufescens, 
abdomine  albo  punctis  ventralibus  nigris,  alls  anticis  lineis  duabus 
denticulatis  argenteis,  lituris  apud  marginem  interiorem  nigris,  fimbria 
alba  nigro  notata  basi  cervina,  alis  posticis  rufis  fimbria  albida. 

Male.  Green,  reddish  beneath.  Abdomen  whitish,  with  two  rows  of 
black  points  beneath.  Fore  wings  with  some  irregular  black  marks 
along  the  interior  border  ;  the  largest  mark  by  the  interior  angle ;  two 
silvery  upright  denticulated  lines  ;  fringe  double,  fawn-colour  towards 
the  base,  alternately  black  and  white  exteriorly.  Hind  wings  red ; 
fringe  whitish.     Length  of  the  body  4  lines  ;  of  the  wings  8  lines. 

Gen.  Choesia,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  robustum,  subcylindricum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi 
ascendentes,  verticem  non  superantes ;  articulus  2"^  arcuatus,  latius- 
culus ;  3"^  minimus.  Antenna  subpubescentes.  Abdomen  alas  pos- 
ticas longe  superans,  fasciculis  ventralibus  floccosis.  Pedes  longius- 
culi,  sat  graciles ;  tibiae  posticae  calcaribus  longissimis.  Ala  longius- 
culae,  sat  angustae  ;  anticae  apice  rotundatae,  costa  recta,  margine  ex- 
teriore subconvexo. 

Male.     Body  stout,  nearly  cylindrical.     Proboscis  distinct.     Palpi  as- 


60  ME.  F,  WALKEE  ON  UETEEOCEEOUS  LEPIDOPTEEA 

cendiiig,  not  rising  higher  than  the  vertex ;  2nd  joint  curved,  rather 
broad ;  3rd  somewhat  eUiptical,  very  minute,  not  one-sixth  of  the  length 
of  the  2nd.  Antennae  minutely  pubescent.  Abdomen  long,  extend- 
ing much  beyond  the  hind  wings ;  underside  with  long  floccose  tufts 
on  each  side.  Legs  rather  long  and  slender;  hind  tibiaj  with  four 
very  long  spurs.  Wings  rather  long  and  narrow.  Fore  wings  rounded 
at  the  tips ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  slightly  convex,  very 
oblique. 

296.  Chorsia  maculosa,  n.  s.  Mas.  Albido-cinerea,  subtus  fusces- 
cens,  thorace  antico  fuscescente,  ahs  anticis  plagis  tribus  costalibus, 
plaga  postica,  plaga  raarginali  liturisque  fuscis,  punctis  marginalibus 
nigris,  puncto  subtus  subapicali  albo. 

Male.  Whitish  cinereous,  brownish  beneath.  Thorax  brownish  in 
front.  Abdomen  dingy  cinereous.  Fore  wings  with  some  small 
slender  brown  marks,  and  with  three  brown  costal  patches  ;  a  hind- 
ward  brown  patch  opposite  the  2nd  costal  patch,  and  another  patch 
on  the  exterior  border  ;  marginal  points  black  ;  underside  with  a  white 
subapical  point.     Length  of  the  body  4  lines ;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

Gen.  AuTOMALA,  u.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  sat  gracile.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  porrecti,  lati, 
pilosi,  securiformes.  Aiitennce  validse,  breviusculai,  setulosae,  pubes- 
centes.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  superans ;  fasciculus  apicalis  parvus. 
Pedes  laeves,  sat  graciles.  Alee  anticae  apice  rotundatae,  costa  recta, 
margine  exteriore  convexo  sat  obliquo. 

Male.  Body  rather  slender.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  porrect,  broad, 
pilose,  securiform,  projecting  somewhat  beyond  the  head ;  joints  in- 
distinct. Antennae  stout,  setulose,  pubescent,  rather  short.  Abdo- 
men long,  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings ;  apical  tuft  small.  Legs 
smooth,  rather  slender ;  hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings 
moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  rounded  at  the  tips  ;  costa  straight ; 
exterior  border  convex,  rather  oblique. 

297.  AuTOMALA  SEMIDOLOSA,  n.  s.  Mtts.  Cana,  fusco  conspersa,  ab- 
domine  fasciis  aeueo-cinereis  fusco  bifasciatis,  lineis  duabus  plagaque 
costali  nigricantibus,  alis  posticis  sordide  cinereis. 

Male.  Hoary,  brown-speckled,  dingy  cinereous  beneath.  Abdomen 
with  aeneous-cinereous  bands.  Fore  wings  with  two  brown  irregular 
bands ;  one  in  the  middle ;  the  other  broader,  marginal ;  interior  and 
exterior  lines  blackish,  the  latter  much  bent ;  a  blackish  patch  near 
the  base  of  the  costa.  Hind  wings  dingy  cinereous.  Length  of  the 
body  5  lines  ;   of  the  wings  10  lines. 

Gen.  Cholimma,  n.  g. 
Fuini.     Corpus  sat  gracile.     Proboscis  robusta.     Palpi  porrecti,  caput 


COLLECTED  AT  SARAWAK.  61 

superantes ;  articulus  2"'  latus,  securiformis ;  3"^  indlstinctus.  An- 
tenneB  graciles.  ^6£/o?«eM  alas  posticas  non  superans.  Pec?e*  laeves ; 
tibiae  subfimbriatse.  AlcB  latiusculfe,  breviusculae  ;  anticae  apice  rectan- 
gulatic,  costa  margineque  exteriore  rectis. 
Female.  Body  rather  slender.  Proboscis  robust,  moderately  long. 
Palpi  porrect,  extending  beyond  the  head;  2nd  joint  broad,  seciiri • 
form  ;  3rd  indistinct.  Antennae  smooth,  slender.  Abdomen  not  ex- 
tending beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  smooth  ;  tibiaj  slightly  fringed ; 
hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings  rather  broad  and  short.  Fore 
wings  acutely  rectangular  at  the  tips ;  costa  and  exterior  border  straight, 
the  latter  hardly  oblique. 

298.  Cholimma  LEUCANioiDES,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Pallide  straminea,  capite 
thoraceque  albis,  alis  subtus  lunula  discali  fusca,  alis  anticis  fusco  sub- 
conspersis,  punctis  duobus  discalibus  punctisque  marginahbus  nigi-is, 
spatio  marginali  cervino,  alis  posticis  extus  subcervinis. 

Female.  Pale  straw-colour.  Head  and  thorax  white.  Wings  beneath 
with  a  brown  discal  lunule.  Fore  wings  with  minute  brown  speckles, 
a  few  of  which  are  confluent  and  form  a  brown  point  in  the  interior 
part  of  the  disk ;  two  black  exterior  discal  points,  one  behind  the 
other;  marginal  space  suffused  with  fawn-colour;  marginal  points 
black.  Hind  wings  somewhat  fawn-coloured  exteriorly ;  marginal 
points  only  apparent  on  the  fore  part  of  the  exterior  border.  Length 
of  the  body  5  lines  ;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

299.  Cholimma  SUBPUNCTATA,  U.S.  Fcra.  Flavescenti-testacea,  ahs 
anticis  lituris  nonnullis  fuscis  albido  notatis,  punctis  raarginalibus 
nigris  intus  albo  marginatis,  disco  subtus  fusco,  alis  posticis  fuscis, 
fimbria  pallida. 

Female.  Yellowish  testaceous.  Fore  wings  with  some  minute,  brown, 
irregular,  more  or  less  whitish-pointed  marks ;  marginal  points  black, 
white-bordered  on  the  inner  side ;  disk  beneath  brown.  Hind  wings 
brown ;  fringe  and  underside  yellowish  white.  Length  of  the  body 
4  lines ;  of  the  wings  1 0  lines. 

Gen.  Beeia,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  sat  robustum.  Proboscis  obsoleta  aut  vix  conspicua. 
Palpi  porrecti,  subdecumbentes,  caput  sujjerantes ;  articulus  3"^  lan- 
ceolatus,  2°  brevior.  Antennce  valida;,  setulosa;,  pubescentes;  articulus 
1"^  fasciculatus.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  pauUo  superans ;  fasciculus 
apicalis  parvus.  Pedes  validi,  laeves.  Alee  sat  angustae ;  anticae  apice 
subrotundatae,  costa  recta,  margiue  exteriore  subconvexo. 

Male.  Body  moderately  stout.  Proboscis  obsolete  or  nearly  so.  Palpi 
porrect,  slightly  decumbent,  extending  somewhat  beyond  the  head ; 
3rd  joint  lanceolate,  shorter  than  the  2nd.  Antennae  stout,  setulose, 
pubescent;   1st  joint  with  a  small  a})ical  tuft.     Abdomen  extending  a 


62  MR.  F.  WALKER  ON"  HETEROCEROUS  liEPIBOPTERA 

little  beyond  the  hind  wings  ;  apical  tuft  small.  Legs  stout,  smooth  ; 
hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings  rather  narrow  ;  fringe  long. 
Fore  wings  slightly  rounded  at  the  tips ;  eosta  straight ;  exterior  bor- 
der slightly  convex,  very  oblique. 

300,  Beria  recusata,  n.  s.  Mas.  Pallide  cervina,  abdomine  ci- 
nereo,  alis  anticis  nigro  eonspersis,  linea  marginali  nigro  extus  mar- 
ginata,  linea  submarginali  venisque  albis,  fimbria  albida  fusco  inter- 
lineata,  alis  posticis  albidis  nigro  marginatis. 

Male.  Pale  fawn-coloured.  Abdomen  cinereous.  Fore  wings  with 
black  speckles ;  veins  white ;  submarginal  line  white,  nearly  parallel 
to  the  marginal  line,  which  is  also  white,  and  is  bordered  with  black 
on  the  outer  side ;  fringe  whitish,  interlined  with  brown  ;  underside 
mostly  brown.  Hind  wings  whitish,  concisely  bordered  with  black  ; 
fringe  like  that  of  the  fore  wings.  Length  of  the  body  4  lines;  of 
the  wings  10  lines. 

Gen.  Makoba,  n.  g. 

Fcem.  Corpus  Iseve,  sat  robustum.  Proboscis  gracilis.  Palpi  porrecti, 
lati,  pilosi,  caput  sat  superantes  ;  articuli  indistincti.  Antennce  gla- 
bra?, breviuscula;,  sat  valida;.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  vix  superans. 
Pedes  Iseves.  Alas  anticse  apiee  subrotundatse,  costa  margineque  ex- 
teriore  subconvexis. 

Female.  Body  smooth,  moderately  stout.  Proboscis  slender.  Palpi 
porrect,  broad,  pilose,  extending  rather  beyond  the  head;  joints  in- 
distinct. Antennae  smooth,  rather  stout  and  short.  Abdomen  hardly 
extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  smooth  ;  hind  tibiae  with 
four  spurs  of  moderate  length.  Wings  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings 
slightly  rounded  at  the  tips ;  costa  and  exterior  boi'der  slightly  con- 
vex, the  latter  rather  oblique. 

301.  Manoba  iMPLENS,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Alba,  subtus  sordide  cinerea, 
alis  anticis  nigro  subconspersis,  gutta  basali  punctisque  submargi- 
nalibus  nigris,  lineis  duabus  fuscis  apud  costam  dilatatis  postice  ap- 
proximatis,  spatio  intermedio  postico  fuscescente,  alis  posticis  sub- 
cinereis. 

Female.  White,  shining.  Palpi  and  underside  dingy  cinereous.  Fore 
wings  very  slightly  and  minutely  black-speckled,  with  a  black  dot  in 
the  disk  near  the  base,  and  with  two  brown  lines  which  are  dilated  on 
the  costa  and  approach  each  other  hindward,  where  the  space  between 
them  is  brownish ;  a  few  irregular  submarginal  black  points.  Hind 
wings  slightly  cinereous.  Length  of  the  body  3^  lines ;  of  the  wings 
9  lines. 

Gen.  Carmara,  ii.  g. 

Fcem.  Corpus  sat  robustum.  Proboscis  brevis,  gracilis.  Palpi  por- 
recti, compressi,  caput  sat  superantes ;  articulus  2"^  subfusiformis ; 


COLLECTED  AT  SARAWAK.  63 

3"»  minimus.  AnteniKc  glabrae,  graciles.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  non 
superans.  Pec^e*  validi,  laeves.  J/<e  fimbria  longa  duplicata  ;  anticse 
apice  subrotundatse,  costa  recta,  margine  exteriore  subcouvexo  per- 
obliquo. 
Female.  Body  moderately  stout.  Proboscis  short,  slender.  Palpi 
porrect,  compressed,  extending  somewhat  beyond  the  head  ;  2nd  joint 
subfusiform  ;  3rd  extremely  minute.  Antennae  bare,  slender.  Abdo- 
men not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  stout,  smooth ; 
hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings  moderately  broad  ;  fringe 
long,  double.  Fore  wings  slightly  rounded  at  the  tips  ;  costa  straight ; 
exterior  border  slightly  convex,  very  oblique. 

302.  Carmara  subcervina,  n.  s.  F(em.  Submurino-cervina,  alis 
linea  guttulari  alba  interrupta,  punctis  marginalibus  nigris,  alis  anticis 
costa  exteriore  albido  punctata. 

Female.  Fawn-colour,  with  a  slight  tinge  of  mouse  colour,  which  is  most 
prevalent  on  the  hind  wings  and  beneath.  Wings  with  an  incomplete 
white  guttular  line,  which  is  most  apparent  by  the  interior  border  of 
the  hind  wings ;  marginal  points  black.  Fore  wings  with  some 
whitish  points  along  the  exterior  part  of  the  costa.  Length  of  the 
body  4  lines  ;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

Gen.  Enea,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  vix  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  porrecti,  bre- 
vissimi,  gracillimi,  caput  vix  superantes ;  articulus  3"'  minimus.  A71- 
tenncE  graciles,  subpubescentes.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  paullo  supe- 
rans; fasciculus  apicalis  longus.  Pedes  graciles,  Iseves.  Alas  longi- 
usculaj ;  anticse  peracutae,  costa  recta,  margine  exteriore  subconvexo 
perobliquo. 

Male.  Body  hardly  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  porrect,  very 
short  and  slender,  hardly  extending  beyond  the  head  ;  3rd  joint  ex- 
tremely minute.  Antennae  slender,  minutely  pubescent.  Abdomen 
extending  a  little  beyond  the  hind  wings ;  apical  tuft  long.  Legs 
slender,  smooth ;  hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings  rather 
long,  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  very  acute;  costa  straight;  ex- 
terior border  slightly  convex,  very  oblique. 

303.  Enea  signicosta,  n.  s.  Mas.  Albida,  subtus  sordide  cinerea 
fusco  varia,  alis  lunulis  marginalibus  nigris,  alis  anticis  maculis  tribus 
costalibus  trigonis  guttaque  discali  nigris,  margine  exteriore  ex  parte 
subcervino. 

Male.  Wliitish,  dingy  cinereous  and  varied  with  brown  on  the  under- 
side. Wings  with  black  marginal  lunules.  Fore  wings  with  three 
black  triangular  costal  spots  ;  the  third  much  larger  than  the  other 
two ;  a  black  discal  dot ;  exterior  border  partly  and  slightly  tinged 
with  fawn  colour.  Length  of  the  body  4  lines;  of  the  wings  10 
lines. 


64  ME.  r.  WALKEE  ON  HETEEOCEEOUS  LEPIDOPTEEA 

Fam.  EEIOPID^,  Guen. 
Gen.  Gallop LSTEi A,  Huhn. 

304.  Callopistria  ventralis,  n.  s.  Mas.  Ferruginea,  abdomine 
cinereo  vitta  ventrali  maculari  nigra,  alis  anticis  lineis  diiabus  nigris 
albo  marginatis,  P  brevissima,  2^  Integra,  striga  intermedia  discali 
lanceolata  argentea,  basi  margineque  exteriore  albidis,  alis  posticis 
fuscis. 

Male.  Ferruginous,  pale  cinereous  beneath.  Palpi  dark  brown.  An- 
tennae setulose,  pubescent.  Abdomen  cinereous,  shining,  with  a  ma- 
cular black  stripe  beneath.  Wings  with  black  marginal  lunules.  Fore 
wings  with  two  black  white-bordered  lines;  1st  line  only  apparent 
near  the  costa,  with  a  black  streak  by  its  inner  side  ;  2nd  line  entire ; 
a  silvery  lanceolate  discal  streak  between  the  two  Unes ;  basal  space 
of  the  wing  whitish,  except  along  the  costa ;  marginal  space  whitish, 
largely  and  diffusedly  marked  with  brown.  Hind  wings  brown. 
Length  of  the  body  6  lines;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

Gren.  Chodda,  n.  g. 

F(£m.  Corpus  sat  robustum.  Proboscis  valida.  Palpi  poiTecti,  pilosi, 
subangulati,  caput  superantes ;  articulus  3"^^  longiconicus,  2'  dimidio 
brevior.  Antennce  glfihrx.  ^6c?omera  alas  posticas  vix  superans.  Pedes 
sat  validi ;  tibiae  subfimbriatse.  Alee  anticse  apice  rectangulatse,  costa 
recta,  margine  exteriore  subflexo. 

Female.  Body  moderately  stout.  Proboscis  robust.  Palpi  porrect, 
pilose,  extending  beyond  the  head  ;  2nd  joint  oldique  ;  3rd  elongate- 
conical,  less  than  half  the  length  of  the  2nd,  with  which  it  forms  a 
slight  angle.  Antennae  bare.  Abdomen  hardly  extending  beyond  the 
hind  wings.  Legs  moderately  stout;  tibiae  slightly  fringed;  hind 
tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings 
rectangular  at  the  tips ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  sUghtly  bent 
in  the  middle,  its  hind  part  rather  oblique. 

Allied  to  Callopistria. 

305.  Chodda  sordidula,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Cinereo-alba,  cervino  varia, 
alis  lunulis  raarginalibus  nigris,  alis  anticis  lituris  costalibus  cervinis 
nigro  tinctis,  striga  discali  lata  obliqua  fuscescente  nigro  intersecta, 
fascia  exteriore  informi  sordide  flavescente  fusco  varia,  striga  margi- 
nali  lata  obscure  fusca,  alis  posticis  apud  marginem  exteriorem  fus- 
cescentibus. 

Female.  Cinereous  white,  varied  with  dull  fawn-colour.  Wings  with 
black  marginal  lunules.  Fore  wings  with  various  fawn-coloured  black- 
tinged  marks  along  the  costa  ;  discal  mark  forming  a  broad  brownish 
oblique  streak,  which  is  partly  and  transversely  intersected  by  a  smaller 
black  oblique  streak;  an  exterior  irregular  dingy  yellowish  brown- 
varied  band  ;  a  broad  streak  along  the  fore  part  of  the  exterior  border 


COLLECTED  A.T  SAEAWATT.  G5 

and  the  adjoining  fringe  dark  brown.  Hind  wings  diffusedly  brown 
towards  the  exterior  border.  Length  of  the  body  6  lines ;  of  the 
wings  16  lines. 

Fam.  EUEHIPID^,  Guen. 

Gren.  Penicillaeta,  Gum. 

306.  Penicillabia?  quadrinotata,  n.  s.  Mas.  Pallide  cervina, 
palpis  subangulatis,  antennis  subnodosis,  abdominis  lateribus  fascicu- 
latis,  pedibus  dense  fimbriatis,  alis  anticis  fusco  substrigatis  et  sub- 
conspersis,  maculis  duabus  costalibus  trigonis  linea  angulata  faseiaque 
diffusa  obliqna  fuscis,  linea  exteriore  pallida  undulata  fusco  marginata, 
macula  marginali  fusca,  alis  posticis  fuscis  basi  cinereis. 

Male.  Pale  fawn-colour.  Palpi  obliquely  ascending;  .3rd  joint  conical, 
not  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  length  of  the  2nd,  with  which  it 
forms  a  slight  angle.  Antennae  simple,  forming  a  slight  knot  at  one- 
third  of  the  length.  Abdomen  tufted  along  each  side,  not  extending 
beyond  the  hind  wings ;  apical  tuft  small.  Legs  (including  the  tarsi) 
densely  fringed.  Fore  wings  slightly  streaked  and  speckled  with 
brown  ;  two  triangular  brown  spots  on  the  costa ;  1st  spot  before  the 
middle,  accompanied  hindward  by  an  angular  parallel  brown  line, 
behind  which  there  is  an  incomjjlete  diffuse  oblique  brown  band ; 
2nd  spot  subapical ;  an  exterior  pale  undulating  brown-bordered  line ; 
a  brown  spot  on  the  fore  part  of  the  exterior  border,  which  is  slightly 
angular;  marginal  points  black,  elongated.  Hind  wings  brown,  cine- 
reous towards  the  base.  Length  of  the  body  .5  lines  ;  of  the  wings 
12  lines. 
It  hardly  agrees  with  the  typical  structure  of  Penicillaria,  but  does  not 

differ  sufficiently  to  form  a  new  genus  ;  and  this  remark  will  apply  to  the 

eight  following  species. 

Gen.  EuTELiA,  Huhn. 

307.  EuTELiA  APPROXIMATA,  n.s.  Mas.  Cinerea,  antennis  dimidio 
basali  serrato  pubescente,  alis  anticis  angustis  nigro  conspersis  fusco 
trilineatis,  linea  basali  nigra,  litura  reniformi  fusca  sublunata  albo  mar- 
ginata, macula  costali  subapicali  trigona  fusca,  alis  posticis  fuscescenti- 
cinereis  sublineatis,  macula  discali  subtus  nigra. 

Male.  Cinereous.  Palpi  ascending  a  little  higher  than  the  vertex  ; 
3rd  joint  linear,  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  2nd,  which  is  marked 
with  black.  Antennae  serrated  and  pubescent  to  beyond  half  the 
length.  Tegulse  of  the  thorax  forming  a  dorsal  ridge.  Abdomen  ex- 
tending beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  smooth.  Fore  wings  narrow, 
minutely  black- speckled;  lines  brown,  except  the  basal  line,  which  is 
black,  undulating,  and  diffusedly  brown-bordered ;  interior  line  much 
bent  in  front,  where  it  is  contiguous  to  the  brown  sublunate  white- 
bordered  reniform  mark  ;  exterior  line  double,  undulating,  indistinct ; 
submarginal  line  dentate,  incompletely  double,  adjoining  a  brown  tri- 
LINN.  PKOC. —  ZOOLOQT,  YOL.  Til.  5 


G6  MB.  F.  WALKER  ON  HETEEOCEROUS  LEPTDOPTERA 

angular  costal  spot;  marginal  points  black;  exterior  border  liardly 
bent,  scarcely  dentate,  very  oblique  hindward.  Hind  wings  brownish 
cinereous,  with  indistinct  brown  lines ;  underside  with  a  brown  exte- 
rior line  and  with  a  black  discal  spot,  which  is  more  conspicuous  than 
that  of  the  fore  wings.  Length  of  the  body  5  lines ;  of  the  wings  14 
lines. 

308.  EuTELiA  DULCiLiNEA,  n.  s.  Mas.  Cinerea,  E.  approximate 
simillima,  alls  anticis  linea  basali  non  nebulosa,  linea  interiore  nigra 
minus  flexa,  linea  exteriore  obscuriore,  linea  submarginali  minus  den- 
tata  albo  iuterlineata. 

Male.  Cinereous,  very  closely  allied  to  the  preceding  species,  from 
which  it  may  be  distinguished  by  the  following  characters.  Fore  wings 
with  the  basal  line  not  shaded  ;  interior  line  black,  less  bent ;  renifonn 
mark  elliptical,  not  lunate ;  exterior  line  much  darker ;  submarginal 
line  interlined  with  white,  much  less  dentate.  Hind  wings  like  those 
of  E.  approximata,  with  brown  marks  near  the  end  of  the  interior 
border  and  with  brown  marginal  lunules.  Length  of  the  body  5^ 
lines  ;  of  the  wings  13  lines. 

309.  EuTELiA  DiMiDiATA,  u.  s.  Foem.  Cinereo-cervina,  alls  anticis 
fusco  lineatis,  puncto  basali  nigro,  linea  interiore  duplicata  ex  parte 
nigricante,  linea  media  antice  angulata  et  nigricante,  linea  exteriore 
duplicata  undulata,  linea  submarginali  pallide  cinerea  dentata  nigro 
notata,  macula  costali  trigona  cervina,  litura  reniformi  nigricante  ob- 
longa  pallido  marginata. 

Female.  Cinereous  fawn-colour,  more  cinereous  beneath.  Third  joint 
of  the  palpi  lanceolate,  hardly  shorter  than  the  2nd.  Abdomen  ex- 
tending a  little  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Wings  with  the  exterior  bor- 
der hardly  dentate.  Fore  wings  with  a  black  basal  point ;  lines  brown, 
indistinct ;  interior  hne  double,  partly  blackish  ;  middle  line  blackish, 
and  angular  in  front ;  exterior  line  double,  undulating ;  submarginal 
line  pale  cinereous,  dentate,  accompanied  by  some  black  marks,  con- 
tiguous to  a  triangular  costal  fawn-coloured  spot;  reniform  mark 
blackish,  oblong,  pale-bordered,  attenuated  in  front ;  marginal  points 
black.     Length  of  the  body  65  Mnes  ;  of  the  wings  13  lines. 

310.  EuTELiA  OBLiauATA,  u.  s.  Fcem.  Pallide  cervina,  alis  anticis 
nigro  subconspersis,  plaga  basali  postica  obscuriore,  striga  basali  lineis- 
que  nigris,  linea  basali  obliqua  abbreviata,  lineis  exteriore  et  submar- 
ginali denticulatis  incompletis,  litura  reniformi  albida  magna,  macula 
apicali  cana,  alis  posticis  fuscesceutibus  basi  albidis. 

Female.  Pale  fawn-colour,  cinereous  beneath.  Thii-d  joint  of  the  palpi 
lanceolate,  less  than  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Abdomen  black- 
speckled,  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Wings  with  the  exterior 
border  slightly  dentate.  Fore  wings  thinly  black-speckled,  somewhat 
rounded  at  the  tips,  with  a  darker  fawn-coloured  patch  near  the  base 
of  the  interior  border ;  lines  black ;  basal  line  oblique,  much  abbre- 


COLLECTED  AT  SAEAWAK.  67 

viated  at  each  end ;  a  short  oblique  costal  streak  near  the  base ;  ex- 
terior and  submarginal  lines  denticulated,  very  incomplete ;  reniform 
mark  whitish,  large ;  a  hoary  apical  spot ;  marginal  lunules  black  ; 
exterior  border  extremely  oblique  hindward.  Hind  wings  brownish, 
whitish  towards  the  base.  Length  of  the  body  6  lines ;  of  the  wings 
13  lines. 

311.  EuTELiA  opposiTA,  n.  s.  F<£m.  Cervina,  femoribus  tibiisque  pos- 
ticis  dense  pilosis,  alis  anticis  nigro  subconspersis  fusco  lituratis,  linea 
obliqua  recta,  litura  reniformi  angusta  albido  marginata  nigro  unipunc- 
tata,  spatio  exteriore  ciuereo,  macula  costali  trigona  cervina,  lineis 
nonnullis  denticulatis  fuscis,  gutta  discali  interiore  nigricante,  alis  pos- 
ticis  fuscis  vix  lineatis. 

Female.  Fawn-colour,  mostly  cinereous  beneath.  Third  joint  of  the 
palpi  Unear,  about  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Hind  femora  and  hind 
tibife  densely  pilose.  Wings  rather  broad,  hardly  dentate.  Fore 
wings  thinly  black-speckled,  with  brown  markings ;  a  straight  oblique 
line  contiguous  to  the  narrow  whitish-bordered  reniform  mark,  which 
contains  a  black  dot ;  space  beyond  this  line  cinereous,  excepting  a 
large  triangular  fawn-coloured  costal  spot ;  several  more  or  less  distinct 
denticulated  brown  lines ;  a  blackish  dot  on  the  interior  part  of  the 
disk ;  marginal  lunules  black  ;  exterior  border  extremely  oblique 
hindward.  Hind  wings  brown,  with  some  traces  of  lines,  which  are 
most  distinct  on  the  4th  inferior  vein.  Length  of  the  body  7  lines; 
of  the  wings  15  lines. 

312.  EuTELiA  SUBOCELLATA,  n.s.  Foem.  Cinerea,  vertice  rufescente, 
abdominis  lateribus  fasciculatis,  alis  anticis  lituris  nigris  et  cervinis, 
fascia  recta  obliqua  testacea  interlineata  ochraceo  marginata,  ocello 
inforrai  strigam  nigram  emittente,  linea  exteriore  brevi  nigra,  macula 
costali  subtrigona  cervina,  alis  posticis  fuscis  lineis  duabus  obscu- 
rioribus. 

Female.  Cinereous,  vertex  reddish.  Palpi  ascending  higher  than  the 
vertex  ;  3rd  joint  linear,  shorter  than  the  2nd.  Abdomen  extending 
somewhat  beyond  the  hind  wings,  with  two  tufts  on  each  side  towards 
the  tip,  which  is  quadrate.  Wings  with  the  exterior  border  slightly 
dentate.  Fore  wings  with  a  few  small  irregular  black  and  fawn- 
coloured  marks,  and  with  a  straight  oblique  testaceous  band,  which  is 
interlined  and  bordered  with  ochraceous  and  is  excavated  by  a  large 
irregular  ocellus;  the  latter,  is  cinereous,  black  and  fawn-coloured, 
and  emits  a  black  streak  to  the  hind  end  of  a  short  upright  black  line ; 
this  line  is  contiguous  to  a  large  nearly  triangular  fawn-coloured  costal 
spot  which  contains  three  white  costal  points  ;  marginal  points  black  ; 
tips  rectangular ;  exterior  border  slightly  bent,  extremely  oblique 
hindward ;  underside  with  a  red  diffuse  subcostal  streak  and  with 
three  oblique  brown  lines.  Hind  wings  brown  above,  with  five  darker 
brown  lines,  which  are  most  distinct  on  the  underside,  where  there  is 

5* 


G8  ME.  F.  WALKEU  ON  nETEEOCEKOUS  LEPIDOPTEEA 

a  blackish  discal  spot.     Length  of  the  body  8  hues ;  of  the  wings 
17  lines. 

313.  EuTELTA?  CONSENTANEA,  n.s.  Fcsm.  Cinerea,  feraoribus  tibiis- 
que  dense  pilosis,  alis  anticis  striga  basali  cervina,  fascia  obliqua  cervi- 
na  abbreviata,  litura  reniformi  incompleta  albido  notata,  linea  exteriore 
cana  subundulata  vix  obliqua  fvisco  marginata,  linea  submarginali  pal- 
lida vix  couspicua,  alis  posticis  fuscis,  gutta  subtus  discali  nigricante. 

Female.  Cinereous.  Thorax  cinereous  fawn-colour.  Palpi  obliquely 
ascending,  hardly  rising  higher  than  the  vertex ;  2nd  joint  pilose  ; 
3rd  linear,  less  than  half  the  length  at  the  2nd.  Abdomen  extending 
a  little  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Femora  and  tibiae  densely  clothed 
with  long  hairs.  Wings  broad ;  marginal  points  black  ;  exterior  bor- 
der slightly  dentate.  Fore  wings  rectangular  at  the  tips,  with  a  fawn- 
coloured  streak  proceeding  from  the  base,  and  with  an  oblique  fawn- 
coloured  band,  which  is  abbreviated  by  the  whitish-marked  incom- 
plete reniform  spot;  a  hoary  brown-bordered  slightly  undulating 
hardly  oblique  exterior  line  ;  submarginal  line  paler  than  the  ground- 
hue,  very  indistinct ;  exterior  border  hardly  bent,  very  oblique  hind- 
ward.  Hind  wings  brown ;  underside  with  a  blackish  discal  dot  and 
with  an  exterior  denticulated  very  distinct  dark  brown  line.  Length 
of  the  body  6  lines;  of  the  wings  14  lines. 

314.  EuTELiA  INSTRUCTA,  u.  s.  3Ias.  Alba,  capite  rufo  uigro  con- 
sperso,  abdomine  alas  posticas  superante  cristis  tribusrufis  nigro  con- 
spersis,  alis  anticis  pallide  ochraceis,  Uneis  exterioribus  obsourioribus 
nndulatis  approximatis  parallelis,  fasciis  duabus  obliquis  albis,  l^lituram 
retiformem  emittente,  spatio  marginali  pallide  cervino  maculas  duas 
nigro-cinereas  includente,  alis  posticis  fascia  exteriore  lata  inform! 
fusca. 

Male.  White.  Head  red,  black-speckled.  Palpi  ascending  as  high  as 
the  vertex  ;  3rd  joint  subfusiform,  a  little  shorter  than  the  2nd.  An- 
tennae pubescent,  and  slightly  pectinated  to  much  beyond  half  the 
length.  Abdomen  extending  far  beyond  the  hind  wings,  with  three 
red  black-speckled  hindward  crests.  Legs  short,  thick ;  tibiae  reddish 
brown,  speckled  with  black  and  white.  Wings  long;  exterior  border 
slightly  dentate.  Fore  wings  pale  ochraceous,  with  some  darker 
undulating  approximate  parallel  exterior  lines ;  two  oblique  very  irre- 
gular white  bands  ;  1st  band  emitting  to  the  white  costa  from  its  inner 
side  a  net-shaped  white  mark  ;  2nd  band  vei'y  incomplete,  accom- 
panied by  an  irregular  line  formed  of  black  speckles ;  marginal  space 
pale  fawn-colour,  with  two  blackish-cinereous  marginal  spots;  sub- 
marginal  points  black,  marked  with  white ;  a  chalybeous  black  dot  on 
the  interior  border.  Hind  wings  with  a  broad  irregular  exterior  brown 
band,  which  is  marked  with  black  towards  the  interior  border;  mar- 
ginal space  pale  fawn-colour,  with  an  incomplete  blackish  line.  Length 
of  the  body  9  lines  ;  of  the  wings  20  lines. 


COLLECTED  AT  SARAWAK.  69 

Gen.  Vabnia,  n.  g. 

FcEin.  Corpus  crassum.  Proboscis  non  conspicua.  Palpi  vix  robusti, 
oblique  ascendeutes,  froutem  superantes;  articulus  3"^  lanceolatus, 
2i  tlimidio  non  longior.  Antennce  validse,  glabraj.  Abdomen  alas  pos- 
ticas  superans ;  fasciculus  apicalis  parvus.  Pedes  validi,  deusissime 
pilosi.     AloB  raargine  exteriore  exciso  ;  anticse  acut?e,  costa  recta. 

Female.  Body  thick.  Proboscis  not  distinct.  Palpi  hardly  stout,  ob- 
liquely ascending,  rising  higher  than  the  front;  3rd  joint  lanceolate, 
about  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  stout,  smooth.  Abdomen 
elongate-conical,  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings;  apical  tuft  small. 
Legs  stout,  most  densely  clothed  with  long  hairs ;  spurs  long.  Wings 
moderately  broad ;  exterior  border  deeply  and  irregularly  notched. 
Fore  wings  acute  ;  costa  straight. 

Allied  to  Eutelia. 

315.  Varnia  miniata,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Lsete  miniata,  subtus  cinereo- 
fusca,  capite  thoraceque  fuscis,  hujus  fascia  rufa,  abdomine  vitta  fusca 
guttisque  lateralibus  flavis,  alis  strigis  transversis  fasciisque  nigris, 
alis  posticis  macula  discali  magna  angulata  vitrea. 

Female.  Bright  red-lead  colour,  mostly  cinereous  brown  beneath.  Head 
and  thorax  brown,  the  latter  with  a  red  band.  Abdomen  with  a  brown 
stripe  and  with  two  rows  of  yellow  dots.  Legs  reddish  brown  ;  hind 
tibiae  densely  tufted  along  the  whole  length ;  the  hairs  rosy  and  very 
long,  shorter  and  brownish  towards  the  tips.  Wings  with  irregular 
black  bands  and  transverse  streaks.  Hind  wings  with  a  large  angular 
vitreous  discal  spot.  Length  of  the  body  8  lines ;  of  the  wings  15 
lines. 

Fain.  PLUSID^,  Boisd. 

Gen.  Plusia,  Ochs. 

316.  Plusia  verticillata,  Guen.  Noct.  ii.  344.  68. 

Inhabits  also  South  Africa,  Hindostan,  Ceylon,  China,  Java,  and  Aus- 
tralia. 

The  following  ten  species  do  not  represent  the  typical  forms  of  Plusia, 
and  some  of  them  may  be  considered  as  sufficiently  distinct  to  form. new 
genera. 

317-  Plusia  ferripunctum,  n.  s.  Mas.  Flava,  ochraceo  varia,  ahs 
anticis  ochraceo  confertlm  conspersis,  fasciis  duabus  obliquis  argenteis, 
1"  lata  punctum  ferrugineum  includente  costam  versus  abbreviata,  2« 
maculari  submarginali,  alis  posticis  rufescentibus,  subtus  albis  rufes- 
cente  quadrilineatis,  fasciculo  discali  interiore  floccoso. 

Male.  Yellow,  varied  with  ochraceous.  Frontal  tuft  prominent.  An- 
tennae pubescent.  Abdomen  pale.  Fore  wings  thickly  speckled  with 
dull  ochraceous,  the  speckles  here  and  there  confluent ;  two  irregular 
oblique  silvery  bands  ;   1st  band  broad,  much  abbreviated  towards  the 


70  ME.  F.  AVALKER  ON  HETEEOCEROUS  LEPIDOPTERA 

costa,  where  it  contains  a  ferruginous  point ;  2n(i  band  macular,  sub- 
marginal  ;  exterior  border  with  an  ochraceous  festoon ;  underside 
mostly  reddish,  with  brown  submarginal  points.  Hind  wings  reddish  ; 
underside  white,  with  four  reddish  lines  and  with  an  interior  floccose 
discal  tuft.     Length  of  the  body  6  lines ;  of  the  wings  14  lines. 

318.  Plusia  stipata,  n.  s.  Foem.  Cinerea,  palpis  nigricantibus,  ab- 
domine  subcristato,  alis  anticis  ex  atomis  nigris  undulato-lineatis,  lineis 
tribus  albidis,  1"  3*que  costam  versus  retractis,  3^  duplicata  postice 
obsoleta,  lunulis  marginalibus  nigris  intus  albo  marginatis,  macula 
costali  basali  alba,  alis  posticis  fuscescenti-cinereis  subhyalinis  fusco 
late  marginatis. 

Female.  Cinereous.  Palpi  compressed,  obliquely  ascending,  mostly 
blackish ;  3rd  joint  lanceolate,  less  than  half  the  length  of  the  2nd. 
Abdomen  very  slightly  crested.  Fore  wings  with  some  irregular  trans- 
verse more  or  less  undulating  lines  of  black  speckles ;  three  irregular 
whitish  shining  lines;  1st  line  acutely  retracted  towards  the  costa, 
where  it  is  approximate  to  the  2nd  line ;  3rd  line  obsolete  hindward, 
irregularly  double,  acutely  angular  and  very  much  recurved  towards 
the  costa ;  marginal  lunules  black,  elongated,  bordered  with  white  on 
the  inner  side ;  a  white  costal  spot  near  the  base.  Hind  wings  brownish 
cinereous,  very  slightly  hyaline,  with  a  broad  brown  border.  Length 
of  the  body  4^  lines  ;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

319.  Plusia  pallida,  n.  s.     Mas.  Cinerea,  palpis  fuscis,  thorace  fas- 
cia fusca,  abdoraine  alas  posticas  superante,  alis  anticis  nigro  con- 
spersis  purpurascente  tinctis,  striga  obliqua  fasciaque  lata  fuscis,  hac 
strigam  albam  anticam  includente,  disco  postico  cinereo,  striga  apud 
marginem  interiorem  alba  obliqua  ochraceo  notata,  lunulis  margina- 
libus nigris  intus  albo  marginatis. 
Male.     Cinereous.     Palpi  brown  ;  3rd  joint  conical,  not  more  than  one- 
sixth  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.    Antennae  smooth.    Abdomen  extend- 
ing beyond  the  hind  wings.     Thorax  with  a  brown  band  and  with 
brown  sides.  Fore  wings  black-speckled,  purplish-tinged,  with  a  brown 
streak  which  is  dilated  from  the  middle  of  the  base  to  the  interior 
border,  and  with  a  broad  brown  band  which  has  a  cinereous  disk  hind- 
ward  and  in  front  contains  a  white  streak  ;  the  latter  extends  to  the 
exterior  border  and  emits  an  angular  white  line  to  the  costa ;  an  oblique 
white  ochraceous-marked  streak  along  the  basal  part  of  the  interior 
border;  marginal  lunules  black,  bordered  with  white  on  the  inner 
side.     Wings  beneath  with  a  very  broad  brown  border  and  with  a 
brown  discal  spot.     Length  of  the  body  8  lines;    of  the  wings  17 
lines. 

320.  Plusia  duplicilinea,  n.  s.  Fam.  Cinerea,  capita  thoraceque 
antico  ferrugineo-fuscis,  alis  anticis  latiusculis  ferrugineo-fuscis,  lineis 
albidis  duj)licatis,  1"  angulata,  2"  recurrente,  3"  undulata,  4*  simplici 


COLLECTED  AT  SAHAWAK.  71 

ani!;ulosa,  lunulis  marginalibus  fuscis  intus  albido  marginatis,  alis  pos- 
ticis  fusco-cinereis,  litura  discali  lineaque  extei-iore  fuscis. 
Female.  Cinereous,  shining.  Head  and  fore  part  of  the  thorax  ferru- 
ginous brown.  Palpi  hardly  ascending ;  2nd  joint  broad  ;  3rd  conical, 
acute,  not  more  than  one-sixth  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Abdomen 
not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Wings  rather  broad.  Fore 
wings  ferruginous  brown ;  lines  whitish,  double,  interior  line  forming 
an  outward  angle  ;  middle  line  oblique,  i)roceeding  from  the  costa  to 
the  disk,  where  it  is  single  and  abruptly  recurved,  and  rejoins  the  costa 
alongside  of  the  interior  line  ;  exterior  line  undulating ;  submarginal 
line  single,  zigzag;  marginal  lunules  brown,  whitish-bordered  on  the 
inner  side.  Hind  wings  brownish  cinereous,  with  a  brown  discal  mark 
and  with  a  brown  exterior  line,  which  are  most  apparent  on  the  under- 
side.    Length  of  the  body  6  lines  ;  of  the  wings  15  lines. 

321.  Plusia  inaperta,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Fusca,  abdomine  cinereo  alas 
posticas  vix  superante,  alis  anticis  cupreo  tinctis,  lineis  tribus  nigri- 
cantibus  undulatis  valde  indistinctis,  spatio  marginali  pallido,  punctis 
submarginalibus  nigris,  gutta  punctoque  discalibus  albidis,  alis  posticis 
albidis  fusco  latissime  marginatis. 

Female.  Brown,  cinereous  beneath.  Palpi  rising  a  little  higher  than 
the  vertex  ;  3rd  joint  lanceolate,  much  shorter  than  the  2nd.  Abdo- 
men cinereous,  hardly  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Fore  wings 
tinged  with  cupreous ;  three  very  indistinct  undulating  blackish  lines  ; 
2nd  line  not  apparent  hindward  ;  marginal  space  paler,  including  black 
submarginal  points ;  discal  mark  small,  whitish,  forming  a  dot  and  a 
point.  Hind  wings  whitish,  with  a  very  broad  brown  border;  under- 
side with  a  brown  discal  dot.  Length  of  the  body  6  lines ;  of  the 
wings  14  lines. 

322.  Plusia  inornata,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Cinereo-fusca,  abdomine  alas 
posticas  non  superante,  alis  anticis  vix  acutis,  lineis  cinereis  nigrisque 
denticulatis  subobsoletis,  costa  margineque  exteriore  perobliquo  sub- 
convexis,  alis  posticis  subtus  cinereis  lunula  discali  fusca. 

Female.  Cinereous  brown,  shining,  more  cinereous  beneath.  Palpi 
rising  a  little  higher  than  the  vertex  ;  3rd  joint  lanceolate,  about  one- 
third  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Abdomen  not  extending  beyond  the 
hind  wings.  Fore  wings  hardly  acute,  with  some  almost  obsolete  traces 
of  cinereous  and  black  denticulated  lines  ;  costa  and  exterior  border 
slightly  convex,  the  latter  very. oblique.  Hind  wings  brownish  cine- 
reous ;  underside  cinereous,  with  a  brown  discal  lunule.  Length  of 
the  body  5  lines  ;  of  the  wings  14  lines. 

323.  Plusia  niVeiplaga,  n.  s.  Mas.  Ochraceo-fusca,  antennis  ser- 
ratis  pubescentibus,  abdomine  alas  posticas  non  superante,  alis  anticis 
apice  subrotundatis,  macula  magna  oblonga  gutta  punctoque  discalibus 
niveis  rufescente  inclusis,  alis  posticis  cinereo-fuscis. 

Male.     Ochraceous  brown,  shining,  brownish  cinereous  beneath.    Palpi 


72  ME.  F.  WALKEE  ON  HETEEOCEEOUS  LEPIDOPTEEA 

not  rising  so  high  as  the  vertex  ;  3rd  joint  conical,  less  than  one-fourth 
of  the  length  of  the  2ncl.  Autennx  stout,  serrated,  pubescent.  Ab- 
domen not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Fore  wings  slightly 
rounded  at  the  tips,  with  a  large  oblong  bright  white  discal  spot,  which 
is  connected  in  front  with  a  white  dot,  and  has  a  white  point  near  its 
inner  side  ;  space  about  the  spot  mostly  red.  Hind  wings  cinereous 
brown.     Length  of  the  body  4  lines ;    of  the  wings  12  lines. 

324.  Plusia  DETEGENS,n.  s.  Mas.  Rufescenti-cinerea,  antennis  sub- 
setulosis,  femoribus  tibiisque  flmbriatis,  alis  anticis  latiusculis,  striga 
lata  basali  fasciisque  duabus  exterioribus  diffusis  mfescentibus  ex 
parte  nigro  n:arginatis,  linea  intermedia  cinerea  undulata  fusco  mar- 
ginata,  litura  reniformi  cinerea  obliqua  nigro  et  I'ufescente  marginata, 
alis  posticis  cinereo-fuscis  fimbria  testacea. 

Male.  Dark  cinereous,  with  a  reddish  tinge.  Palpi  rising  a  little  higher 
than  the  vertex;  2nd  joint  fringed;  3vd  lanceolate,  less  than  half  the 
length  of  the  2nd.  Antennte  stout,  very  minutely  setidose.  Femora 
and  tibiae  thickly  fringed.  Wings  rather  broad,  with  black  marginal 
lunules.  Fore  wings  with  reddish  partly  black-bordered  marks,  which 
consist  of  a  broad  streak  proceeding  from  the  base  and  two  exterior 
diffuse  bands ;  a  cinereous  intermediate  undulating  brown-bordered 
line ;  reniform  mark  cinereous,  oblique,  bordered  with  black  and  red- 
dish. Hind  wings  cinereous  brown,  with  a  testaceous  fringe.  Length 
of  the  body  6  lines  ;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

325.  Plusia  invicta,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Cervina,  abdomine  cinereo  alas 
posticas  vix  superante,  tibiis  pilosis,  alis  anticis  acutis,  linea  exteriore 
obscuriore  recta  obliqua,  litura  reniformi  cinerea  elongata  coarctata, 
costa  margineque  exteriore  subconvexis,  alis  posticis  cinereo-fuscis. 

Female.  Fawn-colour,  shining,  cinereous  beneath.  Palpi  slender, 
rising  a  little  higher  than  the  vertex ;  3rd  joint  elongate-conical,  a 
little  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Abdomen 
cinereous,  hardly  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Tibise  pilose. 
Fore  wings  acute ;  lines  almost  obsolete,  except  the  exterior  one,  which 
is  straight,  oblique,  and  a  little  darker  than  the  ground-hue ;  reniform 
mark  cinereous,  elongate,  much  straitened  in  the  middle ;  costa  and 
exterior  border  slightly  convex,  the  latter  very  oblique.  Hind  wings 
cinereous  brown.     Length  of  the  body  5  lines  ;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

326.  Plusia?  albosignata,  n.  s.  Mas.  Cervina,  antennis  subsctu- 
losis,  ahs  anticis  vix  acutis,  lineis  duabus  rectis  obliquis  parallelis  pal- 
lidis,  Imea  3*  exteriore  angulosa  indistincta,  striga  discali  alba,  punctis 
marginalibus  nigris,  alis  posticis  fusco-cinereis. 

Male.  Fawn-colour,  cinereous  beneath.  Antennae  very  minutely  setu- 
lose.  Wings  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  hardly  acute,  with  two 
pale  straight  oblique  parallel  dark-bordered  lines ;  3rd  line  exterior, 
zigzag,  indistinct,  nearly  parallel  to  the  others ;  a  short  white  discal 
streak  adjoining  the  2nd  line;  marginal  points  black.     Hind  wings 


COLLECTED  AT  SAKAWAK.  73 

brownish  cinereous,  with  brown  marginal  points.     Length  of  the  body 
5  (?)  lines ;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

Gen.  Cak^a,  n.  g. 

F(Pin.  Corpus  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  ascendentes. 
Antennce  graciles.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  non  siiperans.  Pedes  sat 
graciles  ;  tibial  subfimbriatae.  Ala;  a.m\)\as,  elongataj ;  auticai  acuta^, 
vix  falcatae,  costa  recta,  margine  exteriore  perobliquo  vix  convexo ; 
posticse  angulo  interiore  prodncto. 

Female.  Body  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  ascending.  Antennae 
slender.  Abdomen  not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs 
rather  slender ;  tibiae  slightly  fringed ;  hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs. 
Wings  ample,  elongate.  Fore  wings  acute,  slightly  inclining  to  the 
falcate  form ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  hardly  convex,  very 
oblique  hindvvard.     Hind  wings  with  the  interior  angle  prominent. 

327.  CANyEA.  SEMiTESSELLATA,  U.S.  F(pm.  Pallidc  straminca,  alis 
fusco  subtessellatis,  fasciis  duabus  cervinis,  alis  anticis  fasciis  connexis, 
alis  posticis  fasciis  valde  interruptis. 

Female.  Pale  straw-colour.  Wings  incompletely  and  irregularly  tes- 
sellated with  little  transverse  brown  streaks ;  two  fawn-coloured  bands  ; 
2nd  band  very  irregular,  partly  connected  with  the  1st  band  in  the 
fore  wings,  much  interrupted  in  the  hind  wings.  Length  of  the  body 
8  lines  ;^  of  the  wings  20  lines. 

Gen.  OscA,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  porrecti,  breves, 
graciles,  caput  perpaullo  superantes ;  articulus  3""  longiconicus,  2' 
triente  non  longior.  Anfennce  pubescentes.  Abdomen  alas  posticas 
non  superans.  Pedes  lajves,  graciles,  calcaribus  longis.  Alee  longae, 
sat  angustae ;  anticae  vix  acutse,  costa  recta,  margine  exteriore  per- 
obliquo. 

Male.  Body  stout.  Proboscis  moderately  long.  Palpi  porrect,  short, 
slender,  extending  very  little  beyond  the  head ;  .3rd  joint  elongate- 
conical,  about  one-third  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  distinctly 
pubescent.  Abdomen  not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs 
smooth,  slender  ;  hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings  long,  rather 
narrow.  Fore  wings  "hardly  acute  ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border 
extremely  oblique. 

This  genus  has  a  slight  resemblance  to  some  of  the  Arctiidce. 

328.  OscA  GUTTULOSA,  n,  s.  Mas.  Alba,  capite  thoraceque  a ntico  cer- 
vinis subtus  roseis,  alis  anticis  fasciis  quatuor  obliquis  e  maculis  guttis- 
que  fuscis,  alis  posticis  fasciis  roseis  indeterminatis,  alis  subtus  lituris 
costalibus  nigris. 

Male.     White.    Ilcad  and  fore  part  of  the  thorax  dull  fawn-colour,  rosy 


74  MR.  F.  WALKER  ON  HETEBOCEROUS  LEPIDOPTEBA 

beneath.  Fore  wings  with  four  oblique  irregular  bands,  which  are 
composed  of  shining  brown  spots  and  dots  ;  veins  most  rosy  on  the 
underside.  Hind  wings  with  the  bands  much  more  incomplete  and 
mostly  rosy.  Wings  beneath  with  minute  black  marks  along  the  costa. 
Length  of  the  body  5  lines;  of  the  wings  16  lines, 

Fam.  CALPID^,  Guen. 
Gen.  Deva,  Walk. 

329.  Deva  infundens,  n.  s.  Mas.  Ochracea,  abdomine  basi  cinereo, 
tibiis  anterioribus  rufescentibus,  alls  anticis  aurato-cervinis  fusco  line- 
atis,  linea  P  undulata,  2"  lata  recta  obliqua  extus  purpurascente  mar- 
ginata,  3*  iudistincta  incompleta  undulata,  4"  recta  obliqua,  alis  pos- 
ticis  fuscescenti-cinereis  ajneo  tiuctis. 

Male.  Ochraceous,  pale  beneath.  Palpi  long,  much  compressed,  hardly 
curved ;  2nd  joint  fringed ;  3rd  acute,  about  half  the  length  of  the 
2nd.  Antennae  very  thickly  setulose  and  pubescent.  Abdomen  cine- 
reous towards  the  base.  Anterior  tibiae  reddish.  Fore  wings  gilded 
fawn-colour,  with  brown  lines ;  space  about  the  base  of  the  costa  pur- 
ple-tinged ;  1st  line  undulating,  near  the  base;  2nd  broad,  straight, 
oblique,  diifusedly  bordered  with  purple  on  the  outer  side ;  3rd  line 
indistinct,  incomplete,  undulating ;  4th  straight,  oblique,  nearly  con- 
tiguous to  the  2nd  on  the  interior  border ;  apical  space  purple-tinged ; 
exterior  part  of  the  costa  with  five  white  points ;  fringe  cinereous, 
interlined  with  brown.  Hind  wings  brownish  cinereous,  with  an 
ajneous  tinge.     Length  of  the  body  5  lines;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

Gen.  Aeippaea,  n.  g. 

Mas  et  Fcem.  Corpus  crassum.  Fasciculus  frontalis  productus.  Probos- 
cis distincta.  Palpi  porrecti,  rostriformes,  lati.  Antennce  maris  setu- 
losae,  pubescentes.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  non  superans.  Perfes  robusti. 
Alee  anticae  vix  acutfc,  costa  recta,  margine  exteriore  vix  convexo. 

Male  and  Female.  Body  thick.  Frontal  tuft  prominent.  Proboscis 
distinct.  Palpi  porrect,  rostrlform,  broad,  slightly  acute,  not  longer 
than  the  breadth  of  the  head ;  joints  indistinct.  Antennae  stout,  se- 
tulose and  pubescent  in  the  male.  Abdomen  not  extending  beyond 
the  hind  wings.  Legs  robust ;  spurs  stout,  moderately  long.  Wings 
moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  hardly  acute  ;  costa  straight ;  exterior 
border  hardly  convex,  moderately  oblique. 

330.  Arippara  indicator,  n.  s.  Mas  et  Fcem.  Obscure  cervina, 
nigro  conspersa,  alis  anticis  spatio  medio  pallidiore,  lineis  interiore  et 
exteriore  adhue  pallidioribus,  puncto  discali  nigro  elongate  obliquo, 
alis  posticis  cinereis  fusco  conspersis,  linea  exteriore  recta  pallida 
cinerea. 

Female.  Dull  fawn-colour,  minutely  black-speckled.  Fore  wings  with 
the  middle  space  slightly  paler,  and  bounded  by  the  still  paler  interior 


COLLECTED  AT  SARAWAK.  75 

and  exterior  lines ;  interior  line  a  little  more  undulating  than  the  ex- 
terior line,  to  which  it  is  miieh  more  approximate  on  the  interior  bor- 
der than  on  the  costa ;  discal  point  black,  oblique,  elongated.  Hind 
wings  cinereous,  brown-speckled,  with  a  straight  pale-cinereous  exte- 
rior line,  and  with  the  more  exterior  space  slightly  darker.  Length 
of  the  body  6  lines;  of  the  wings  14  lines. 
Male.  Paler.  Fore  wings  with  a  larger  discal  point.  Length  of  the 
body  4  lines;  of  the  wings  11  lines. 

Gren.  Nertobkiga,  n.  g. 

FcEm.  Corpus  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  graciles,  ad 
frontem  applicati,  verticem  non  superantes ;  articulus  3"^  lanceolatus, 
2'  dimidio  brevior.  AntenncB  graciles.  Abdomen  cristatum,  alas  pos- 
ticas  non  superans.  Pedes  laeves,  validi ;  tibiffi  posticfe  calcaribus 
quatuor  longis.  Aloe  breviusculae,  latiusculae;  anticae  apice  rectangu- 
latae,  costa  basi  subconvexa,  margine  interiore  valde  convexo. 

Female.  Body  stout.  Proboscis  moderately  long.  Palpi  slender,  erect, 
applied  to  the  head,  not  rising  higher  than  the  vertex  ;  3rd  joint  lan- 
ceolate, less  than  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  slender.  Ab- 
domen crested,  not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  smooth, 
stout ;  hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings  rather  short  and  broad. 
Fore  wings  rectangular  at  the  tips ;  costa  very  slightly  convex  towards 
the  base;  exterior  border  oblique  hindward;  interior  border  very 
convex. 

331.  Nertobriga  reversa,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Fuscescenti-rufa,  abdomine 
cinereo  cristis  fuscis,  alis  anticis  linea  recta  obliqua,  spatio  exteriore 
cinerascente,  macula  costali  subapicali  elongata  cinerea  albido  margi- 
uata,  linea  interiore  undulata  indistincta,  alis  posticis  seneo-fuscis. 

Female.  Brownish  red,  mostly  cinereous  beneath.  Abdomen  cinereous, 
with  brown  crests.  Fore  wings  with  a  straight  ferruginous  line,  which 
extends  from  the  tips  to  the  middle  of  the  interior  border;  space  be- 
yond the  line  tinged  with  cinereous ;  an  elongated  cinereous  whitish- 
bordered  spot  near  the  tip  of  the  costa ;  an  imdulating  indistinct 
interior  line.  Hind  wings  aeneous  brown,  with  a  cinereous  fringe. 
Length  of  the  body  5  lines  ;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

Fam.  HYBLJEID^,  Gum. 
Gen.  Htbl^a,  Fahr. 

332.  Hyblaea  tortricoides,  Guen.  Nod.  ii.  391.  1252. 

333.  Hyblaea  erycinoides.  Walk.  Cat.  Lep.  3rd  ser.  no.  1 792. 
Inhabits  also  Malacca. 

Gen.  NoLASENA,  Walk. 

334.  NoLASENA  GRATissiMA,  n.  s.     Fosm.  Lutco-viridis,  subtus  ochra- 


76  MB.  F.  WAIiKEK  OK  nETEEOCEROUS  LEPIDOPTERA 

cea,:ibiloraineviridi-ochraceo  alas  posticas  superante, alis  anticis  glauco- 
viridibus,  fasciis  duabus  obscurioiibus  vix  undulatis  albido  marginatis, 
punctis  raarginalibus  nigris  albo  marginatis,  costa  ocliracea,  macula 
apicali  fusca,  alis  pnsticis  ochraceis  basi  viridescentibus. 
Female.  Luteous  green,  bright  ochraceous  beneath.  Palpi  porrect, 
subfusiform,  extending  beyond  the  head ;  3rd  joint  subfusiform,  shorter 
and  narrower  than  the  2nd.  Abdomen  greenish  orange,  extending 
beyond  the  hind  wings.  Fore  wings  glaucous  green,  with  two  upright 
darker  green  hardly  undulating  bands,  the  1  st  whitish-bordered  on 
the  inner  side,  the  2nd  on  the  outer  side  ;  marginal  points  black, 
white-bordered ;  costa  dull  ochraceous,  with  white  points  towards  the 
tip  ;  a  brown  apical  spot.  Hind  wings  bright  ochraceous,  greenish 
towards  the  base.     Length  of  the  body  5  lines ;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

335.  NoLASENA  DULCissiMA,  n.  s.  F(£m,  Laete  viridis,  subtus  alba, 
capite  lutescente,  palpis  pedibusque  purpurascentibus,  abdomine  albo 
apice  subtus  rufo,  alis  anticis  luteo  conspersis  et  marginatis,  lineis 
duabus  flavescentibus  subparallelis,  guttis  raarginalibus  connexis  pur- 
purascentibus rufo  marginatis,  alis  posticis  albis  roseo  marginatis. 

Female.  Bright  green;  white  beneath.  Head  with  a  luteous  tinge. 
Palpi  purplish,  ascending  higher  than  the  vertex  ;  3rd  joint  linear,  as 
long  as  the  2nd.  Antenna;  slender.  Abdomen  white,  hardly  extend- 
ing beyond  the  hind  wings,  red  at  the  tip  beneath.  Legs  mostly  pur- 
plish. Fore  wings  mostly  luteous  along  the  borders  and  with  luteous 
speckles  in  the  disk ;  two  upright  pale  yellowish  nearly  parallel  lines ; 
marginal  dots  connected,  purplish,  red-bordered;  costa  with  three 
elongated  whitish  points  towards  the  tip.  Hind  wings  white,  with  a 
diffuse  rosy  border.  Length  of  the  body  5  lines;  of  the  wings  12 
lines. 

This  and  the  preceding  species  might  be  separated  from  Nolasena  and 
form  two  new  genera. 

Tarn.  GONEPTEEID^,  Ou^n. 

Geu.  CosMOPHiLA,  Boisd. 

336.  CosMOPHiLA  sciTiPENNis,  n.  s.  Mas.  Ochracea,  abdomine 
alas  posticas  sviperante,  pedibus  posticis  albidis  fimbriatis,  alis  anticis 
fusco  lineatis,  spatio  exteriore  subalbido  nebulis  fuscis,  linea  Fbasali, 
2"'  angulata,  3^  recta  obliqua,  4"  angulata  postice  abbreviata. 
Male.  Bright  ochraceous.  Underside,  abdomen,  and  hind  wings  paler. 
Palpi  erect,  rising  higher  than  the  vertex ;  3rd  joint  much  shorter  and 
more  slender  than  the  2nd.  Antennae  very  minutely  setulose.  Ab- 
domen extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Hind  legs  whitish ;  femora 
and  tibiae  thickly  fringed.  Fore  wings  with  brown  lines  ;  space  be- 
yond the  middle  partly  clouded  with  brown  and  tinged  with  whitish ; 
1st  line  basal;  2ad  forming  an  acute  outward  angle;  3rd  straight. 


COLLECTED  AT  SAEA-WAK.  77 

oblique ;  4th  angular,  not  extending  beyond  half  the  breadth  from 
the  costa.     Length  of  the  body  7  hues ;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

337.  CosMOPHiLA  FUSCIFRONS,  n.  s.  Fcsm.  Testaceo-flava,  nigro  con- 
spersa,  capite  antico  palpisque  obscure  fuscis,  alis  linea  obliqua  recta 
nigricante  subduplicata,  spatio  exteriore  cervino  puncta  nigra  inclu- 
dente,  alis  anticis  hnea  ochracea  non  obliqua,  puncto  discali  nigro, 
gutta  costali  subapicali  alba,  margine  exteriore  angulato. 

Female.  Testaceous  yellow,  very  thinly  black-speckled.  Head,  excejit 
the  vertex  and  palpi,  dark  brown.  Palpi  erect,  rising  higher  than  the 
vertex  ;  3rd  joint  more  slender  and  much  shorter  than  the  2nd.  Wings 
with  an  oblique  straight  blackish  slightly  doubled  line;  space  beyond 
the  line  fawn-colour,  including  an  indistinct  row  of  black  points.  Fore 
wings  with  an  upright  dull  ochraceous  line ;  a  black  discal  point  near 
the  outer  side  of  the  latter ;  a  white  costal  subapical  dot ;  exterior 
border  distinctly  angular.  Length  of  the  body  7  lines;  of  the  wings 
17  lines. 

338.  CosMOPHiLA?  INCONCLUSA,  U.S.  Lfete  ochracea,  abdomine 
cinereo,  alis  fasciis  duabus  difFusis  schistaceo-cinereis,  2^  marginali, 
punctis  marginalibus  nigris,  alis  anticis  costa  obscure  schistaceo-cine- 
rea,  margine  exteriore  vix  flexo,  alis  posticis  costae  dimidio  basali  albo. 

Bright  orange.  Abdomen  and  underside  cinereous.  Wings  with  two 
dark-slaty  cinereous  diffuse  irregular  bands ;  2nd  band  marginal  ; 
marginal  points  black.  Fore  wings  dark-slaty  cinereous  along  the 
costa ;  exterior  border  hardlj'  bent.  Hind  wings  shining  white  along 
the  basal  half  of  the  costa.  Length  of  the  body  6  lines ;  of  the  wings 
16  lines. 

Gen.  Anomis,  Hiibn. 

339.  Anomis  fulvida,  Gaen.  Noct.  ii.  397-  1259. 
Inhabits  also  Ilindostan  and  Ceylon. 

Var.  Female.  Reddish  fawn-colour,  cinereous  beneath.  Abdomen  and 
hind  wings  brown.  Fore  wings  with  the  interior  and  exterior  lines 
brown,  zigzag,  the  latter  very  much  bent ;  submarginal  line  cinereous, 
zigzag,  very  indistinct ;  discal  point  white.  Hind  wings  with  a  whitish 
fringe. 
Note. — Gonitis  albitibia  seems  to  be  a  variety  of  this  species.  G.  com- 
binans  and  G.  revocans  probably  belong  to  the  genus  Anomis. 

Greu.  Banisia,  u.  g. 

Foem.  Corpus  crassum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  ascendentes,  ver- 
ticem  non  superantes ;  articulus  S'^^  lougiconicus,  2'  triente  non  lon- 
gior.  AntenncB  glabrae.  Abdomen  lanceolatum,  alas  posticas  non 
superans.  Pedes  longiusculi ;  tibiaj  posticae  fimbriatae.  Aloe  latius- 
culae  ;  anticae  peracutas,  costa  margineque  exteriore  rectis. 

Female.     Body  thick.     Proboscis  distinct.     Palpi  ascending,  not  rising 


78  MK.  F,  WAIiKER  ON  HETEEOCEEOUS  LEPID0PTEB.1 

higher  than  the  vertex ;  3rd  joint  elongate-conical,  not  more  than 
one-third  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  smooth.  Abdomen 
lanceolate,  not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  rather  long ; 
hind  tibiae  thickly  fringed,  with  four  spurs  of  moderate  length.  Wings 
rather  broad.  Fore  wings  very  acute;  costa  and  exterior  border 
straight,  the  latter  rather  oblique. 

Type,  B.fenestrifera. 

Allied  to  Gonitis. 

340.  Banisia  FENESTRiFERA,  n.  s.  Fosm.  Rufescenti-cervina,  alis  ni- 
gi'o  subtessellatis,  alis  anticis  macula  discali  vitrea  litm-aque  marginali 
subapicali  nigra,  alis  posticis  fimbria  apice  alba. 

Female.  Reddish  fawn-colour.  Wings  irregularly  and  minutely  tessel- 
lated with  black,  the  markings  much  more  distinct  on  the  underside 
than  above.  Fore  wings  with  a  large  vitreous  discal  spot;  underside 
with  an  irregidar  black  mark  on  the  fore  end  of  the  exterior  border. 
Hind  wings  with  a  white-tipped  fringe.  Length  of  the  body  5  lines  ; 
of  the  wings  14  lines. 

341.  Banisia?  tetragonata,  n.  s.  Mas.  Pallide  cervina,  vix  ro- 
busta,  abdomine  alas  posticas  superante,  alis  fusco  lineatis  et  sub- 
tessellatis, maculis  duabus  subhyalinis  duabusque  nigricantibus  disca- 
libns  quadratis,  alis  anticis  acutis,  margine  exteriore  postico  per- 
obliquo. 

Male.  Pale  fawn-colour,  hardly  stout.  Third  joint  of  the  palpi  not 
one-fourth  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  stout.  Abdomen  ex- 
tending beyond  the  hind  wings.  Wings  indistinctly  tessellated  with 
brown  ;  six  or  seven  slight  hardly  undulating  brown  lines ;  two  small 
quadrate  nearly  hyaline  discal  spots,  each  accompanied  by  a  quadrate 
blackish  spot.  Fore  wings  acute  ;  exterior  border  very  oblique  hind- 
ward.     Length  of  the  body  5  lines;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

Gen.  EusicADA,  Walk. 

342.  RusiCADA  LiGNiGERA,  n.  s.  Mos.  Pallidissime  cervina,  abdo: 
mine  alas  posticas  vix  superante,  alis  anticis  apud  costam  palhdioribus 
fusco  notatis,  margine  interiore  albido,  plaga  apud  angulum  interiorem 
ferruginea  cinereo-fusco  suffusa  guttam  pallidam  iucludente,  alis  pos- 
ticis aeneis  basi  cinereis. 

Male.  Wood-colour  or  very  pale  fawn-colour.  Palpi  obliquely  ascend- 
ing ;  3rd  joint  linear,  acute,  full  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae 
very  minutely  pubescent.  Abdomen  keeled,  hardly  extending  beyond 
the  hind  wings.  Legs  very  stout;  spurt  long.  Fore  wings  paler  and 
with  regular  brown  marks  along  the  costa ;  space  along  the  interior 
border  irregularly  whitish  ;  a  ferruginous  mark  near  the  base  of  the 
interior  border  and  a  ferruginous  patch  by  the  interior  angle,  the 
patch  tinged  with  cinereous  brown  and  containing  a  pale  dot ;  mar- 
ginal points  black,  very  minute.     Hind  wings  aeneous,  cinereous  to- 


COLLECTED  AT  SARAWAK.  79 

wards  the  base  and  along  the  interior  border ;  fringe  hoary,  interlined 
with  ferruginous.     Length  of  the  body  5  Hues ;  of  the  wings  1 4  lines. 

343.  RusiCADA?  BASiscRiPTA,  n.  s.  Foem.  Albido-cinerea,  palpis  sub- 
arcuatis  verticem  superantibus,  abdomine  alas  postieas  vix  superantc, 
femoribus  tibiisque  densissime  vestitis,  alis  latiusculis  nigro  sub- 
conspersis,  linea  exteriore  cerviua  subduplicata  costam  versus  flexa 
albo  interliueata,  alis  anticis  basi  fuscis,  lineis  duabus  obscurioribus 
albido  marginatis,  margine  exteriore  ecrvino,  plaga  marginali  subapi- 
cali  alba. 
Female.  Whitish  cinereous.  Pal]n  erect,  much  compressed,  slightly 
curved,  ascending  above  the  vertex ;  3rd  joint  linear,  acuminated, 
much  shorter  and  more  slender  than  the  2nd.  Abdomen  hardly  ex- 
tending beyond  the  hind  wings  ;  femora  and  tibiae  most  densely  clothed. 
Wings  rather  broad,  very  thinly  black-speckled ;  discal  point  and 
submarginal  points  black ;  an  oblique  exterior  slightly  double  fawn- 
coloured  line,  which  in  the  fore  wings  forms  a  rounded  angle  and  is 
interlined  with  white  towards  the  costa.  Fore  wings  very  acute  ;  base 
brown,  containing  two  darker-brown  whitish-bordered  lines  ;  marginal 
space  pale  fawn-colour,  darker  towards  the  costa,  where  it  contains 
a  white  patch ;  a  black  apical  spot  and  a  black  spot  on  the  angle  of 
the  exterior  border.  Length  of  the  body  7  lines  ;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 
This  species  differs  much  from  the  typical  structure  of  Rusicada,  and 
may  form  a  new  genus. 

Fam.  TOXOCAMPID^,  Guen. 

Gen.  ToxocAMPAj  Guen. 

344.  ToxocAMPA?  DECERNENS,  n.  s.  F(£m.  Cinereo-cervina,  palpis 
porrectis  extus  fuscis,  alis  fusco  conspersis  et  quadrilineatis,  alis  an- 
ticis purpureo  subtinctis,  spatio  submarginali  fusco  lineam  pallide  tes- 
taceam  includente,  macula  discali  nigra  magna  oblongo-qviadrata,  alis 
posticis  lineis  quatuor  fuscescentibus  minus  dcterminatis. 

Female.  Cinereous  fawn-colour.  Palpi  porrect;  2nd  joint  brown  on 
the  outer  side ;  3rd  conical,  hardly  one-fourth  of  the  length  of  the 
2nd.  Wings  brown-speckled;  marginal  points  black.  Fore  wings 
slightly  purple-tinged,  with  four  zigzag  brown  lines ;  4th  line  partly 
obliterated  by  the  brown  submarginal  space,  which  is  intersected  by 
an  abbreviated  pale  testaceous  line;  a  large  oblong-quadrate  black 
discal  spot ;  exterior  border  hardly  bent.  Hind  wings  with  four  less 
distinct  brownish  lines.  Length  of  the  body  6  lines ;  of  the  wings 
IG  lines. 

345.  ToxocAMPA?  OBLITERANS,  U.S.  Mas.  Cinereo-cervina,  palpis 
fuscis,  pedibus  dense  pilosis,  alis  fusco  conspersis,  spatio  marginali 
lato  fuscescente,  alis  anticis  litura  reniformi  iineisque  quatuor  angulosis 
fuscis,  linea  5^  pallida  abbreviata  subarcuata,  alis  posticis  lineis  duabus 
rectis  indistinctis,  margine  interiore  dense  fimbriato. 


80  ME.  F.  WALKER  ON  HETEROCEROUS  LEPIDOPTEKA 

Male.  Cinereous  fawn-colour,  stout.  Palpi  brown,  excepting  the  3rd 
joint,  which  is  extremely  minute.  Antennae  setulose,  pubescent.  Legs 
stout,  thickly  pilose.  Wings  brown-speckled,  with  a  broad  brownish 
marginal  space ;  marginal  points  black.  Fore  wings  with  the  reni- 
form  mark  and  four  zigzag  lines  brown,  indistinct ;  5th  line  pale,  very 
slightly  curved,  much  abbreviated  at  each  end.  Hind  wings  with  two 
indistinct  straight  lines  ;  interior  border  thickly  fringed.  Length  of 
the  body  7  lines;  of  the  wings  17  hues. 

346.  ToxocAMPA  ?  NiGRiPALPis,  n.  s.  Mas.  PaUide  cinereo-cervina, 
fasciculo  frontali  producto,  palpis  nigris,  abdomine  alas  posticas  super- 
ante  cristis  duabus  nigris,  alis  anticis  nigro  subconspersis  vix  falcatis, 
linea  exteriore  pallida  marginata  subundulata,  linea  submarginali  punc- 
tulari  maculisque  duabus  posticis  nigris,  alis  posticis  fuscescenti- 
cinereis. 
Male.  Pale  cinereous  fawn-colour,  hardly  stout.  Frontal  tuft  porrect, 
very  prominent.  Palpi  black,  obliquely  ascending ;  3rd  joint  pale, 
somewhat  truncated,  not  one-sixth  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  An- 
tennae serrated,  pubescent.  Abdomen  attenuated,  extending  beyond 
the  hind  wings,  with  two  small  black-tipped  crests  near  the  base. 
Legs  smooth.  Wings  with  black  marginal  lunules.  Fore  wings  thinly 
black-speckled,  slightly  lilac-tinged,  hardly  falcate  ;  exterior  line  pale, 
dfirk-bordered,  slightly  undulating,  nearly  upright,  contiguous  to  a 
black  spot  on  the  interior  border ;  a  larger  black  spot  near  the  base 
of  the  interior  border ;  submarginal  line  indicated  by  black  points. 
Hind  wings  brownish  cinereous,  with  a  straight  nearly  obsolete  brown 
line,  which  is  black  and  distinct  by  the  interior  angle.  Length  of  the 
body  7  lines;  of  the  wings  15  Hnes. 
The  three  preceding  species  hardly  belong  to  Toxocampa,  but  form  a 

transition  from  it  to  the  two  following  genera,  in  which  the  characters  of 

Toxocampa  are  still  more  altered. 

Gren.  Sabthida,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  ascendentes, 
subarcuati,  verticem  vix  superantes ;  articulus  2"'  latissimus  ;  3"^  gra- 
cillimus,  apice  incisus,  2'  dimidio  brevior.  Antcnnw  longfe,  subpec- 
tiuata;.  Pedes  validi,  pilosi ;  tibiae  i)osticse  calcaribus  quatuor  longis. 
Alee  anticaj  apice  rectangulatse,  costa  recta,  margine  exteriore  sub- 
obliquo  vix  convexo. 

Male.  Body  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  ascending,  slightly  curved, 
hardly  rising  higher  than  the  vertex;  2nd  joint  very  broad;  3rd 
very  slender,  notched  near  the  tip,  not  half  the  length  of  the  2nd. 
Antennae  long,  slightly  pectinated  ;  branches  pubescent.  Legs  stout ; 
femora  and  tibiae  pilose;  hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings 
moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  rectangular  at  the  tips  ;  costa  straiglit ; 
exterior  border  hardly  convex,  slightly  oblique. 


COLLECTED  AT  SARAWAK.  81 

347.  Sarthida  signifera,  n.  s.  Mas.  Pallide  cinerea,  palpis  extiis 
nigris,  alls  anticis  fusco  subeonspersis  lineis  duabus  diflfusis  fuscescen- 
tibus,  2"  albo  punctata,  fascia  exteriore  cervina  costam  versus  obsoleta, 
lituris  orbiculari  et  reniformi  atris,  hac  magna  cinereo  strigata. 

Male.  Pale  cinereous.  Second  joint  of  the  palpi  black  on  the  outer 
side.  Fore  wings  thinly  brown-speckled,  with  two  brownish  diffuse 
lines ;  exterior  line  bent  in  front,  accompanied  by  white  points,  suc- 
ceeded by  a  pale  fawn-coloured  band,  which  is  obsolete  towards  the 
costa ;  orbicular  and  reniform  marks  deep  black,  nearly  round ;  the 
latter  large,  including  a  curved  cinereous  streak.  Length  of  the  body 
7  (?)  lines ;  of  the  wings  18  lines. 

Gen.  Oboba,  n,  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  compressi,  ver- 
ticem  longe  superantes ;  articulus  3""  acutus,  2°  vix  brevior.  AntennxB 
longiusculae,  subserratse.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  superans.  Pedes 
longiusculi ;  femora  pilosa ;  tibiae  posticse  calcaribus  quatuor  longis. 
AlcE  latiusculse ;  anticae  apice  subrotundatse,  costa  recta,  margine  exte- 
riore subconvexo  subobliquo. 

Male.  Body  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  erect,  long,  compressed, 
ascending  much  higher  than  the  vertex;  3rd  joint  acute,  nearly  as 
long  as  the  2nd.  Antennae  rather  long,  very  minutely  serrated.  Ab- 
domen extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  rather  long ;  femora 
pilose  ;  hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings  rather  broad.  Fore 
wings  slightly  rounded  at  the  tips ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border 
slightly  convex  and  obhque. 

348.  Oroba  surrigens,  n.  s.  Mas.  Cervina,  subtus  albida,  alis  ma- 
cula discali  fusca  subtus  nigra,  alis  anticis  lineis  quinque  subundulatis 
subparallelis,  alis  posticis  linea  diffusa  fasciaque  lata  marginali  fuscis. 

Male.  Fawn-colour,  whitish  beneath.  Abdomen  cinereous  fawn-colour. 
Wings  with  a  discal  brown  spot,  which  on  the  underside  is  black  and 
and  very  conspicuous.  Fore  wings  with  five  brown  slightly  undulating 
nearly  parallel  lines.  Hind  wings  with  a  diffuse  brown  line  and  a 
broad  brown  marginal  band.  Length  of  the  body  8  lines ;  of  the 
wings  18  lines. 

Gen.  DoEsirPA,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  vix  robustum.  Pro6oscJs  conspicua.  Pa/p  breves,  lati, 
erecti;  articulus  3"^  conicus,  minimus.  Antennce  setulosae,  pubes- 
centes.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  vix  superans.  Pedes  sat  validi ;  tibiie 
posteriores  dense  fimbriatae,  calcaribus  quatuor  longis.  Ala  latius- 
culae ;  anticae  apice  rectangulatae,  costa  recta,  margine  exteriore  sub- 
convexo. 

Male.  Body  hardly  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  short,  broad, 
vertical;  3rd  joint  conical,  very  minute.  Antennae  setulose,  pubes- 
cent. Abdomen  hardly  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs 
LINN.  PROC- — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  VII.  6 


82      MB.  r.  WALKER  ON  HETEEOCEROUS  LEPIDOPTERA. 

moderately  long  and  stout ;  posterior  tibise  thickly  fringed  with  long 
hairs  ;  hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  "Wings  rather  broad.  Fore 
wings  rectangular  at  the  tips ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  slightly 
convex  and  oblique. 

349.  DoRSippA  NOTABiLis,  n.  s.  Mas.  Cinereo-cervina,  alis  anticis 
spatio  marginali  obscuriore,  puncto  basali,  litura  discali  clavata,  lineola 
transversa,  maculis  duabus  costalibus  punctisque  marginalibus  nigris. 

Male.  Cinereous  fawn-colour.  Fore  wings  with  black  marginal  points, 
with  a  black  point  in  the  disk  near  the  base ;  discal  mark  black,  cla- 
vate,  followed  by  a  transverse  little  black  line;  two  black  costal  spots, 
the  exterior  one  much  larger  than  the  other,  and  followed  by  three 
black  costal  points  ;  space  along  the  exterior  border  darker  fawn-colour. 
Length  of  the  body  5  lines ;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

Gen.  Lacibisa,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  crassutn.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  robusti,  ascen- 
dentes,  verticem  uou  superantes ;  articulus  2^s  arcuatus,  3^^  minimus. 
Antenna  subpubescentes.  Abdomen  subcylindricum,  alas  posticas  su- 
perans ;  fasciculus  apicalis  dense  lanuginosus.  Pedes  validi ;  tibise  fim- 
briatse,  calcaribus  longissimis.  Al<e  anticEe  apice  rotundatae,  costa 
recta,  margine  exteriore  vix  convexo. 

Male.  Body  very  stout;  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  stout,  ascending, 
not  rising  so  high  as  the  vertex  ;  2nd  joint  curved ;  3rd  joint  extremely 
minute,  less  than  one-eighth  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  mi- 
nutely pubescent.  Thorax  smooth,  with  large  tegulse.  Abdomen 
nearly  cylindrical,  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings ;  apical  tuft 
densely  lanuginous.  Legs  stout ;  tibiae  fringed  ;  hind  tibiae  with  four 
very  long  sjiurs.  Wings  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  rounded  at 
the  tips ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  hardly  convex,  moderately 
oblique. 

350.  Lacibisa  bifaria,  n.  s.  Mas.  Cervina,  alis  anticis  fusco  sub- 
conspersis  et  quadrilineatis,  linea  1*  basali,  gutta  discali  nigra,  fascia 
marginali  cinerea  intus  nigro -fusco  marginata,  punctis  marginalibus 
nigris  pallido  marginatis. 

Male.  Fawn-colour,  paler  and  with  a  cinereous  tinge  beneath.  Wings 
slightly  brown-speckled.  Fore  wings  with  four  transverse  parallel 
nearly  straight  and  upright  brown  lines;  1st  line  basal;  a  black 
discal  dot  near  the  exterior  side  of  the  3rd  line ;  marginal  space  cine- 
reous, dilated  in  the  middle  and  excavated  in  front  of  the  interior  side, 
where  it  is  broadly  but  irregularly  bordered  with  blackish  brown ; 
marginal  points  black,  pale-bordered.  Length  of  the  body  8  lines ; 
of  the  wings  17  lines. 

Gen.  Carteia,  n.  g. 

Fam.      Corpws  robustum.     Proboscis  conspicua.     PaZpi  validi,  vix  as_ 


COLLECTED  AT  SAKA.WAK.  83 

cendentes,  caput  pauUo  superantes ;  articulus  3"«  brevissimus.  An- 
tenna subsetulosae.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  vix  superans.  Pedes  Iseves, 
sat  robusti ;  tibiae  subfimbrlatae,  calcaribus  longissimis.  Alee  latius- 
culae;  anticfe  acutsc,  costa  margineque  exteriore  rectis. 
Female.  Body  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  hardly  ascending,  ex- 
tending a  little  beyond  the  head ;  2nd  joint  stout ;  3rd  conical,  not 
more  than  one-sixth  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  minutely 
setulose.  Abdomen  hardly  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs 
smooth,  moderately  stout ;  tibise  very  slightly  fringed ;  hind  tibine 
with  four  long  spurs.  AVings  rather  broad.  Fore  wings  acute ; 
costa  and  exterior  border  straight,  the  latter  rather  oblique. 

351.  Carteia  NEBULILINEA,  n.  s.  Fonm.  Cinereo-cervina,  alisanticis 
nigro  conspersis,  linea  interiore  fusca  subdenticulata,  linea  exteriore 
recta  obliqua  nigricante  fusco  late  marginata,  linea  submarginali  fusca 
diffusa  undulata,  punctis  marginalibus  nigris,  alis  posticis  fusco  late 
marginatis. 

Female.  Cinereous  fawn-colour.  Fore  wings  black-speckled,  with  a 
slight  denticulated  brown  interior  line,  and  with  a  blackish,  straight, 
oblique,  more  conspicuous  exterior  line,  which  is  broadly  and  difFusedly 
bordered  with  brown  on  the  outer  side ;  submarginal  line  brown,  diffuse, 
undulating;  marginal  points  black.  Hind  wings  broadly  bordered 
with  brown.  Wings  beneath  with  a  blackish  discal  dot  and  with  a 
blackish  guttular  exterior  line.  Length  of  the  body  7  lines ;  of  the 
wings  16  lines. 

Fam.  HOMOPTERID^,  Boisd. 
G-en.  HoMOPTERA,  Boisd. 

352.  HoMOPTERA  iNTRACTABiLis,  n.  s.  Mus.  Fusca,  abdominis  punc- 
tis  dorsalibus  ventreque  pallide  testaceis,  alis  linea  exteriore  denticu- 
lata  et  venarum  fasciis  pallide  testaceis,  gutta  discali  nigricante  indi- 
stincta,  alis  anticis  lituris  costalibus  testaceis,  alis  posticis  margine 
exteriore  denticulato. 

Male.  Brown,  rather  slender,  paler  beneath.  Antennae  very  minutely 
pubescent.  Abdomen  with  pale  testaceous  dorsal  points ;  underside 
pale  testaceous.  Wings  with  numerous  transverse  dull  pale  testaceous 
bands  on  the  veins ;  exterior  line  pale  dull  testaceous,  denticulated ; 
discal  dot  blackish,  indistinct;  underside  with  the  pale  hue  more 
prevalent.  Fore  wings  with  many  testaceous  marks  along  the  costa. 
Hind  wings  with  the  exterior  border  denticulated.  Length  of  the 
body  7  lines ;  of  the  wings  18  lines. 

353.  HoMOPTERA  BiARMioiDES,  n.  s.  Foem.  Fuscescenti-cinerea, 
ferrugineo  conspersa,  alis  subdentatis,  lineis  duabus  ferrugineo-fuscis 
dentatis,  linea  submarginali  diffusa,  punctis  marginalibus  nigris,  litura 
reniformi  annulari  oblonga. 

Female.     Brownish  cinereous,  speckled  with  ferruginous,  paler  beneath. 

6* 


84        MK.  A.  ADAMS  OX  THE  JAPANESE  SPECIES  OE  LEIOSTRACA. 

Palpi  rising  higher  than  the  vertex  ;  3rd  joint  lanceolate,  shorter  than 
the  2n(l.  Wings  slightly  dentate;  interior  and  exterior  lines  ferrugi- 
nous brown,  dentate  ;  marginal  space  pai-tly  clouded  by  the  diffuse 
submarginal  line ;  marginal  points  black.  Fore  wings  acute ;  reniform 
mark  represented  by  an  oblong  ringlet ;  exterior  border  very  oblique. 
Length  of  the  body  85  lines  ;  of  the  wings  10  lines, 

[To  be  continued.] 


On  the  Japanese  Species  of  Leiostraca.  By  Abthue  Abams,  F.L.S. 

[Bead  Jan.  15,  1863.] 

In  the  "  Annals  "  for  1861  I  described  twelve  new  species  of  Lei- 
ostraca from  Japan.  To  these  I  am  now  enabled  to  add  many- 
more  from  the  same  seas.  The  Inland  Sea,  or  Seto-Uchi,  I  found 
very  prolific  in  species  of  this  genus,  as  I  did  also  Tobuko  and 
Uraga,  at  both  of  which  places  I  obtained  a  portion  of  the  bottom. 
From  the  circumstance  of  their  living  in  deep  water,  they  are  sel- 
dom to  be  observed  alive  ;  and,  indeed,  nearly  all  the  species  men- 
tioned in  this  communication  were  obtained  (with  considerable 
labour),  from  mud-washings  and  the  sifted  produce  of  the  dredge, 
in  a  dead  state,  and  often  with  the  markings  obscure. 

Gen.  Leiostkaca,  H.  Sf  A.  Ad. 
A.    Species  concolores. 

1.  Leiostraca  turgidula,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  1861. 
Hab.  Gotto ;  Tsu-Sima. 

2.  Leiostraca  lanceata,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  1861. 
Hah.  Seto-Uchi ;  Mino-Sima ;  Gotto. 

3.  Leiostraca  Leachii,  A.  Ad,  Annals,  1861. 
Hab.  Mino-Sima ;  Gotto. 

4.  Leiostraca  paxillus,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  1861. 
Hab.  Mino-Sima;  Gotto. 

5.  Leiostraca  clara,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  1861. 
Hab.  Gotto;  Mino-Sima. 

6.  Leiostraca  labiata,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  1861. 
Hab.  Mino-Sima. 

7.  Leiostraca  nitida,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  1861. 
Hab.  Okosiri;  Yobuko. 

8.  Leiostraca  clavella,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  1861. 
Hab.  Sado. 


MU.  A.  ADA-MS  OX  THE  JAPANESE  SPECIES  OF  LEIOSTRACA.        85 

9.  Leiostraca  MinJorensis,  Ad.  ^-  Rve.  Zool.  Voy.  Samarang,  pi.  11. 
fig.  25. 

Hab.  Seto-Uchi. 

10.  Leiostraca  Oberon,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  1861. 
Hab.  Yobiiko. 

11.  Leiostraca  Ariel,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  1861. 
Hab.  Seto-Uchi  (Bingo-Nada). 

12.  Leiostraca  nivea,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  1861. 
Hab.  Tsu-Sima;  Gotto ;  Mino-Sima. 

13.  Leiostraca  pura,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  1861. 

Hab.  Gotto  ;  Tsu-Siraa  ;  Seto-Uchi  (Akasi  and  Mososeki). 

14.  Leiostraca  hastata,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  recta,  subulato-lanceata,  albido-lutescente,  semiopaca  ;  anfracti- 
bus  normalibus  9,  planis,  sutiiris  inconspicuis,  anfractu  ultimo  elongato, 
in  medio  tumidulo ;  apertura  oblongo-ovata,  antice  efFusa  ;  labio  sub- 
incrassato,  aurantiaco  tincto. 

Hab.  Gotto,  48  fathoms. 

A  yellowish  white  lanceate  species  with  the  inner  lip  tinged  with  orange. 

15.  Leiostraca  subulina,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  recta,  subulata,  alba,  polita,  subpellucida ;  anfractibus  normali- 
bus planis,  suturis  latissime  raarginatis,  anfractu  ultimo  elongato,  antice 
producto  ;  apertura  anguste  ovata,  postice  acuminata,  antice  dilatata  ; 
labro  margine  subflexuoso. 

Hab.  Gotto,  48  fathoms. 

A  smooth,  white,  subulate  species  with  flat  whorls,  and  with  the  sutures 
very  broadly  marginate. 

16.  Leiostraca  lepida,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  recta,  in  medio  turgidula,  semiopaca,  alba,  nitida ;  anfractibus 
normalibus  8,  convexis,  ultimo  magno,  subventricoso  ;  apertura  elon- 
gata,  antice  et  postice  angusta. 
Hab.  Seto-Uchi;  Yobuko. 

A  little,  bright,  neatly-fashioned  species,  rather  tumid  in  the  middle,  and 
with  the  whorls  convex. 

17.  Leiostraca  Miranda,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  recta,  subulata,  lanceata,  in  medio  turgidula,  luteo-alba,  opaca, 
solidula  ;  anfractibus  normalibus  convexiusculis,  varicibus  irregularibus 
instructis,  anfractu  ultimo  in  medio  subventricoso,  antice  angusto  et 
producto ;  apertura  elongata,  antice  et  postice  acuminata. 

Hab.  Yobuko. 

A  rather  solid,  cream-white  species,  with  a  few  irregular  varices  on  the 
whorls. 


80        MR.  A.  ADAMS  ON  THE  JAPANESE  SPECIES  OF  LEIOSTKACA. 

18.  Leiostraca  metulina,  a.  Ad. 

L.  testa  recta,  subulata,  in  medio  tumidula,  solidula,  laetea,  opaca,  me- 
tiformi ;  aufiactibus  normalibus  planis,  suturis  profundis,  anfractu 
ultimo  elongato  ;  apertura  quadrato-ovata ;  labio  arcuato. 

Hab.  Seto-Uchi  (Akasi). 

A  neatly-formed,  solid,  opaque,  milk-white  species. 

19.  Leiostraca  pistillum,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  recta,  vix  rimata,  clavato-subulata,  teretiuscula,  ad  basin  tumida, 
tenui,  albida,  opaca ;  anfractibus  normalibus  planiusculis,  suturis  im- 
pressis,  anfractu  ultimo  ad  basin  rotundato,  gibboso ;  apertura  subqua- 
drata,  antice  valde  dilatata ;  labro  margine  flexuoso,  in  medio  i)ro- 
ducto. 
Hah.  Seto-Uchi  (Harima-Nada). 

A  pistilliform  or  club-shaped  species,  with  the  base  gibbous  and  the  mar- 
gin of  the  outer  lip  flexuous. 

20.  Leiostraca  crystallina,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  subulato-ovata,  vitrea,  pellucida,  tenuicula,  vertice  violaceo  tinc- 
ta ;  anfractibus  normalibus  convexiusculis,  suturis  anguste  marginatis, 
anfractu  ultimo  amplo,  in  medio  tumidulo  ;  apertura  oblonga,  autice 
dilatata. 

Hab.  Yobuko. 

This  species  is  most  like  L.  tantilla  in  form,  but  is  pellucid  and  vitreous, 
with  the  apex  tinged  violet. 

21.  Leiostraca  pusilla,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  parva,  subulata,  recta,  pallide  succinea,  nitida,  pellucida ;  anfrac- 
tibus normalibus  planis,  suturis  obsoletis,  anfractu  ultimo  magno, 
elongato ;  apertura  oblonga,  obliqua,  angusta,  antice  producta  et 
dilatata, 

Hab.  Seto-Uchi  (Mososeki). 

A  small,  subulate,  transparent,  pale  amber -coloured  species,  with  an  elon- 
gate aperture  produced  in  front. 

22.  Leiostraca  pygm^a,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  parva,  subulata,  vitrea,  pellucida,  in  medio  tumidula,  suturis  an- 
guste marginatis  ;  anfractibus  normalibus  convexiusculis,  ultimo  mag- 
no ;  apertura  elongata,  antice  producta,  postice  angusta,  labro  margine 
subdilatato. 

Hab.  Seto-Uchi  (Mososeki). 

A  very  small,  pellucid  species,  with  the  last  whorl  large,  and  produced 
anteriorly. 

23.  Leiostraca  pusio,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  subulata,  antrorsum  subarcuata,  gracili,  semidiaphana,  pallide 
cornea;  anfractibus  normalibus  convexiusculis,  suturis  marginatis, 
anfractu  ultimo  elongato ;  apertura  acuminato-ovata. 

Hab.  Yobuko. 


ME.  A.  ADAMS  ON  THE  JAPANESE  SPECIES  OF  LETOSTBACA.  87 

A  pale  horn-coloured,  subulate  species,  slightly  bent  forwards,  and  with 
somewhat  convex  whorls. 

24.  LeIOSTRACA  EXIGUA,  /i.  Jc?. 

L.  testa  subulata,  recta,  utriuque  aiigiistata,  sordide  alba;  anfractibus 
normulibus  planulatis,  suturis  anguste  marginatis,  anfractu  ultimo  aui- 
plo,  in  medio  turgidulo ;  apertura  elongata,  antice  et  postice  augusta. 

Hab.  Seto-Uchi  (Akasi). 

A  small,  dull-white  species,  with  the  base  narrowed. 

25.  Leiostraca  nana,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  ovato-subulata,  recta,  spira  attenuata,  alba,  nitida,  subdiaphana  ; 

anfractibus  normalibus  couvexiusculis,  suturis  marginatis  ;  apertura 

elongato  -ovata,  antice  effusa  et  subproducta. 
Hab.  Yobuko. 

Most  like.L.  tantilla  ;  but  the  outline  of  the  spire  is  concave,  the  vertex 
attenuated,  and  the  whorls  less  convex. 

26.  Leiostraca  pumila,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  parva,  subulata,  gracili,  utrinque  angustata,  alba,  opaca;  anfrac- 
tibus normalibus  couvexiusculis,  ultimo  in  medio  tuiriidulo  ;  apertura 
angusta,  elongata,  antice  acuminata ;  labio  rectiusculo. 

Hab.  Uraga. 

Belongs  to  the  species  with  convex  whorls,  such  as  L.  tantilla,  but  is 
slender,  with  a  narrow  aperture,  and  straight  inner  lip. 

B.  Species  variegated. 

27.  Leiostraca  nixa,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  186L 
Hab.  Mino-Sima;  Gotto. 

28.  Leiostraca  spiculum,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  186L 
Hab.  Mino-Sima. 

29.  Leiostraca  bilineata.  Ad.  8f  Rve.  Zool.  Voy.  Samarung,  pi.  1 1.  fig.  24, 
(L,  bivittata,  H.  ^  A.  Ad.  "  Genera.") 

Hab.  Uraga ;  Seto-Uchi. 

30.  Leiostraca  lentiginosa,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  1861. 
Hab.  0-Sima;  Seto-Uchi  (Mososeki). 

31.  Leiostraca  picturata,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  subulata,  crassa,  subdiaphana,  nitida,  lutescente,  lineis  rufis  undu- 
latis  longitudinalibus  et  maculis  irregularibus  varie  picta,  vertice  viola- 
ceo  ;  suturis  rufescentibus,  marginatis ;  anfractibus  normalibus  8,  planis, 
ultimo  antice  producto  ;  apertura  elongata ;  labio  incrassato,  calloso. 

Hab.  Gotto,  48  fathoms. 

A  very  pretty  species,  variously  marked  with  lines  and  spots. 

32.  Leiostraca  coNSPURCATA,  J.  Jrf. 

L.  subulata,  recta,  teretiuscula,  sordide  alba,  lineis  maculisque  fuscis  ir- 
regulariter  reticulata ;  spira  attenuata ;  anfractibus  normalibus  6,  planis. 


88        MK.  A.  ADAMS  ON  THE  JAPANESE  SPECIES  OP  LEIOSTKACA. 

suturis   obsoletis ;    apertuia   elongato-ovata,  antice   dilatata,  postice 

acuminata. 
Hab.  Takano-Sima. 
A  small,  subulate  species,  with  irregular  fuscous  reticulate  markings. 

33.  Leiostraca  bizona,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  subinflato-subulata,  recta,  spira  attenuata,  semiopaca,  alba,  su- 
turis late  margiuatis ;  aufractu  ultimo  amplo,  subventricoso,  antice 
producto-acuminato,  ad  peripheriam  fasciis  duabus  fuscis  ornato  ;  aper- 
tura  elongata,  labio  subcalloso. 

Hab.  Gotto,  48  fathoms. 

A  banded  species,  with  the  spire  attenuated  and  the  last  whorl  some- 
what ventricose. 

34.  Leiostraca  circumcincta,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  subulata,  recta,  vitrea,  nitida,  semipellucida,  corneo-lutescente  ; 
anfractibus  normalibus  6,  convexiusculis,  in  medio  linea  rufa  transversa 
ornatis,  aufractu  ultimo  ad  peripheriam  lineis  duabus  transversis  fuscis 
succincto ;  apertura  elongata,  utrinque  angustata ;  labio  subcalloso ; 
labro  in  medio  producto. 

Hab.  Seto-Uchi  (Akasi.) 

Most  like  L.  vincta,  but  with  the  rufous  line  in  the  middle  of  the 
whorls,  and  the  lines  on  the  last  whorl  parallel. 

36.  Leiostraca  bifasciahs,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  subulata,  recta,  fulvescente,  rufo  nebulosa,  basi  rufo  tincta,  fascia 
rufa  diffusa  ad  suturas  ornata ;  anfractibus  normalibus  9,  planis,  suturis 
marginatis,  anfractu  ultimo  elongato,  fasciis  duabus  fuscis  ad  periphe- 
riam succincto  ;  apertura  angusta,  ovata,  antice  et  postice  acuminata ; 
labio  rufo  tincto,  labro  in  medio  subproducto. 

Hab.  Bingo-Nada;  Suwo-Nada. 

Near  L.  bilineata.  Ad.  et  Rve.,  but  of  stouter  build,  the  base  stained  with 
rufous,  and  the  bands  broad  and  nebulous. 

36.  Leiostraca  vincta,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  recta,  subulata,  nitida,  semiopaca,  sordide  alba,  linea  rufa  ad  su- 
turas ornata,  vertice  violaceo ;  anfractibus  normalibus  7,  planatis,  ulti- 
mo ad  peripheriam  lineis  angustis  rufis,  ad  marginem  labri  approxi- 
mantibus,  ornato  ;  apertura  acuminato-ovata,  labio  rufo  tincto. 

Hab.  Bingo-Nada ;  Harima-Nada. 

The  two  rufous  lines  on  the  last  whorl  approach  each  other,  and  are 
united  at  the  produced  middle  of  the  outer  lip. 

37.  Leiostraca  t^niata,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  subulata,  recta,  gracili,  cornea,  subdiaphana,  linea  rufa  transversa 
supra  suturas  ornata ;  anfractibus  normalibus  6,  convexiusculis,  suturis 
impressis,  anfractu  ultimo  elongato,  lineis  duabus  rufis  transversis 
cincto ;  apertura  anguste  ovata ;  labio  subcalloso ;  labro  margine  flex- 
uoso. 


MB.  A.  ADAMS  ON  THE  JAPANESE  SPECIES  OF  LEIOSTEACA.         89 

Hab.  Seto-Uchi  (Akasi). 

A  rather  slender,  horn-coloured  species,  with  the  whorls  banded  in  the 
middle. 

38.  Leiostraca  balteata,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  subulata,  tenni,  recta,  subpellucida,  cornea ;  suturis  impressis, 
anguste  marginatis,  fuscis  ;  aufiactibus  norraalibus  7,  planiusculis,  an- 
fractu  ultimo  elongato,  antice  prodiicto,  lineis  rufis  transversis  in 
medio  succincto;  apertura  acuminato-ovata;  labio  subcalloso;  labro 
margine  flexuoso. 

Hah.  Uraga. 

A  subulate,  hoi-n-coloured  species,  with  two  bands  on  the  last  whorl. 

39.  Leiostraca  gracilenta,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  subulata,  recta,  gracili,  cornea,  vitrea,  semipellucida ;  anfractibus 
normalibus  7,  planatis,  suturis  rufo  tinctis,  anfractu  ultimo  elongato, 
producto,  in  medio  lineis  duabus  fuscis  transversis  ornato  ;  apertura 
obliqua,  ovato-acurainata ;  labio  rufo,  pallide  tincto ;  labro  margine 
subrecto. 

Hab.  Uraga. 

A  slender,  horn-coloured,  transparent,  tapering  species. 

40.  Leiostraca  cinctella,  A.  Ad. 

li.  testa  ovato- subulata,  recta,  spira  attenuata,  lactea,  tenuicula ;  anfracti- 
bus normalibus  7,  convexiusculus,  ultimo  amplo,  subventricoso,  fasciis 
duabus  pallide  fulvis  transversis  ornato;  apertura  oblongo-ovata,  pos- 
tice  acuminata,  antice  dilatata. 

Hab.  Seto-Uchi  (Mososeki). 

Most  like  L.  tantilla,  but  with  the  spire  attenuated  and  the  last  whorl 
more  ventricose. 

41.  Leiostraca  cingenda,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  tumidulo-subulata,  spira  attenuata,  alba,  tenui,  subdiaphana,  li- 
nea  rufa  transversa  in  medio  anfractuum  et  lineis  duabus  in  anfractu 
ultimo  ornata,  anfractu  ultimo  magno,  antice  producto  et  acuminato ; 
apertura  elongata,  angusta,  labro  margine  rectiusculo. 

Hub.  Yobuko. 

A  thin,  semipellucid,  banded  species,  with  the  last  whorl  ventricose. 

42.  Leiostraca  interrupta,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  subulata,  retrorsum  inclinata,  semidiaphana,  alba ;  anfractibus 
normalibus  8,  planis,  suturis  marginatis,  sublutescentibus,  anfractu 
ultimo  linea  fulva  interrupta  ornato  ;  apertura  ovata,  antice  dilatata ; 
labio  subcalloso,  labro  margine  in  medio  subproducto. 

Hab.  0-Sima. 

A  white,  subulate  species,  somewhat  inclined  backwards,  and  with  an 
interrupted  fulvous  zone  on  the  last  whorl. 

43.  Leiostraca  tantilla,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  ovato-subulata,  vertice  attenuato,  alba,  interdum  fascia  pallida 


90        MR.  A.  ADAMS  ON  THE  JAPANESE  SPECIES  OF  LEIOSTUACA. 

oriiata ;  anfiactibus  normalibus  6,  convexis,  ultimo  amplo,  in  medio 
turgidulo,  fasciis  duabus  obsoletis  fuscis  saepe  circumcincto ;  apertura 
oblono'o-ovata,  antice  producta  ac  dilatata. 

Hab.  Seto-Uchi  (Akasi,  Mososeki). 

A  somewhat  tumid  species,  resembling  in  form  L.  turgidula,  but  smaller 
and  obscurely  banded. 

44.  Leiostraca  crassula,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  subulato-conica,  elongata,  crassa,  semidiaphana,  alba,  fascia  lata 
transversa  pallide  fulva  ornata ;  anfractibus  normalibus  7,  planis,  ultimo 
ma^no,  subventricoso ;  apertura  oblonga,  antice  dilatata,  postice  acu- 
miuata. 

Hab.  0-Sima. 

A  rather  soHd,  semipellucid  species,  obscurely  banded  with  fulvous. 

45.  Leiostraca  inouinata,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  teretiuscula,  subulata,  gracih,  nitida,  albida,  fulvo  pallide  inqui- 
nata ;  anfractibus  normalibus  circa  6,  suturis  callosis,  obsoletis,  anfractu 
ultimo  subdilatato ;  apertura  acuminato-ovata. 

Hab.  Yobuko. 

A  small  species,  with  a  broad  fulvous  stain  on  the  whorls. 

46.  Leiostraca  scitula,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  subulata,  in  medio  tumidula,  spira  attenuata,  alba,  opaca ;  anfrac- 
tibus normalibus  6,  convexiusculis,  suturis  marginatis,  anfractu  ultimo 
amplo,  antice  acuminato  et  producto,  in  medio  vix  angulato,  linea  rufa 
transversa  subobsoleta  succincto  ;  apertura  elongata,  antice  et  postice 


angusta. 


Hab.  Seto-Uchi  (Mososeki). 

A  white  species,  with  the  last  whorl  large  and  slightly  angulate  at  the 
periphery. 

47.  Leiostraca  spreta,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  parva,  ovato-subulata,  teretiuscula,  alba,  semiopaca,  fulvo  lato 
indistincto  ad  suturas  ornata ;  anfractibus  normalibus  planis,  ultimo 
magno,  subventricoso,  in  medio  fascia  pallida  circumcincto ;  apertura 
ovata,  antice  dilatata,  postice  acuminata. 

Hab.  Yobuko. 

A  small,  pointed  species,  with  the  whorls  obscurely  banded. 

48.  Leiostraca  humilis,  A.  Ad. 

L.  testa  parva,  subulata,  subcorapressa, albida,  nitida;  suturis  rufescen- 
tibus,  marginatis  ;  anfractu  ultimo  lineis  duabus  rufis  ornato ;  apertura 
elongata,  antice  dilatata,  labio  rufo  tincto. 

Hab.  Uraga. 

A  small  species,  somewhat  compressed,  and  with  two  transverse  rufous 
lines  on  the  last  whorl. 


MR.  A.  ADAMS  ON  JAPANESE  GASTEBOPODS.  91 

Subgenus  Mucronalia,  A.  Ad. 

Testa  subulata,  recta,  pupoidea,  vertice  obtuso,  apice  subito  nmcro- 
uata  ;  anfractibus  siuiplicibus.     Ajjertura  oblonga. 

1.  Mucronalia  bicincta,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  1860. 
Hab.  Mino-Sima,  63  fathoms. 

2.  Mucronalia  exilis,  A.  Ad.  Annals,  1861. 
Hab.  Seto-Uchi  (Mososeki). 

3.  Mucronalia  lactea,  A.  Ad. 

'  M.  testa  subulata,  pupoidea,  vertice  obtuso,  mucrone  parvo  brevi,  lactea, 
vixopaca;  anfractibus  uormalibus  4,  planis,  suturis  impressis;  aper- 
tura  obliqua,  oblonga,  antice  dilatata  et  producta. 
Hab.  Tanabe. 

A  milk-white  pupoid  species,  with  the  aperture  very  oblique  and  pro- 
duced. 

4.  Mucronalia  subula,  A.  Ad. 

M.  testa  subulata,  nivea,  vix  opaca,  pupoidea,  vertice  obtuso,  mucrone 
parvo;  anfractibus  normalibus  6,  planis,  suturis  impressis;  apertura 
uormali,  oblongo-ovata. 

Hab.  Simoda. 

Like  M.  lactea,  but  lai'ger,  with  more  numerous  whorls,  and  the  aperture 
not  produced  nor  oblique  as  in  that  species. 

Subgenus  Selma,  A.  Ad. 

Testa  oblongo-ovata,  tenuis,  subdiaphana,  spira  brevi,  anfractu  ul- 
timo magno.  Apertura  elongato-ovata,  antice  iutegra  ;  labio 
arcuato,  oblique  subplicato. 

1.  Selma  succiniola,  A.  Ad. 

S.  testa  elongato-ovali,  teuui,  rimata,  subdiaphana,  cornea,  rufo  tincta, 
spira  brevi ;  anfractibus  3|,  vix  convexis,  ultimo  amplo  ;  apertura  ob- 
longa ;  labio  rufo  tincto,  plica  subtortuosa  rufa  instructo,  labro  margine 
simplici. 
Hab.  0-Sima. 

I  have  been  necessarily  obhged  to  keep  this  species  distinct  from  the 
others  on  account  of  its  short  spire  and  the  spiral  twist  on  the  inner  lip. 
The  only  specimen  I  obtained  is  a  little  Succinia-sha\)ed  shell,  and,  were  it 
not  for  the  aperture  being  entire  in  front,  might  be  taken  for  a  very  young 
Olivella. 


On  the  Species  of  Eostriferous  Gasteropods  {Stromhida,  Tricho- 
tropidw,  Ci/prceidce,  and  Ampkiperasidce)  found  in  Japan.  By 
Arthur  Adams,  F.L.S.,  &c. 

[Read  January  15,  1863.] 

The  species  of  Stromhidce  collected  by  me  during  the  recent  ex- 


92         ME.  A.  ADAMS  ON  JAPANESE  GASTEEOPODS. 

ploratiou  of  the  coasts  of  Japan  by  H.M.S.  '  Actaeon '  are  all  well- 
knowu  species;  in  the  family  TricJiotropidce  I  was  fortunate  in 
finding  a  new  Iphinoe  and  a  beautifully-sculptured  Tricliotropis, 
besides  nearly  all  the  known  species  of  that  group.  In  the 
Cowry  tribe  nearly  all  the  species  are  old  Linnean  shells.  They 
are  most  numerous  along  the  Pacific  shores  of  the  Japanese 
Islands,  and  more  especially  along  the  southern  and  eastern  parts 
of  Kiusu.  The  coral  reefs  of  the  Tropics  are  badly  represented  in 
Japan,  and  it  is  among  the  recesses  of  these  that  the  Cowries 
delight  to  live.  One  new  species  only,  belonging  to  the  Amphipe- 
rasidce,  has  occurred  to  me,  most  of  the  specimens  found  having 
been  previously  described  by  Sowerby  from  examples  brought 
home  by  Sir  E.  Belcher  and  myself  in  H.M.S.  '  Samarang.'  The 
present  paper  presents  a  striking  contrast  to  the  others  I  have 
recently  ofiered  to  the  Society,  which  were  principally  composed 
of  new  species. 

Fam.  STEOMBID^. 

1.  Gallinula,  Klein. 

1.  Gallinula  vittata,  Linn.  (Strombus  vittatus,  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  12. 
p.  1211;  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  44. — S.  turritus,  Lajn. — S.  Campbelli, 
Gray. — S.  Japonicus,  Rve.) 

Hub.  Takano-Sima;  Tomo. 

2.  Gallinula  succincta,  Linn.  (Strombus  succinctus,  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed. 
12.  p.  1212;  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  43. — S.  accinctus.  Born.) 

Hab.  Tatiyama;  Okino-Sima. 

2.  Canaeium,  Schum. 

1.  Canarium  Luhuanum,  Linn.  (Strombus   Luhuanus,  L.  Syst.  Nat. 

ed.  12.  p.  1209;  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  19.) 
Hah.  Takano-Sima;  Tago. 

3.  Teeebellum,  Klein. 

1.  Terebellum  terebellura,  Linn.      (Bulla  terebellum,  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed. 

12.  p.  1185.— Conus  terebellum,  Linn. — Terebellum  subulatum,  Lawi. 

Ann.  du  Mas.  xvi.  p.  301.  no.  1.) 
Hab.  Nagasaki,  17  fathoms,  mud;  Yobuko,  20  fathoms,  sandy  mud. 

ram.  TRICHOTEOPIDiE. 

1.  Teichoteopis,  Brod.  Sf  Sow. 

1.  Tricbotropis  bicarinata,  Brod.  <5"  Sow.  Zool.  Journ.  1829,  iv.  p.  375. 

(T.  Sowerbiensis,  Lesson.) 
Hab.  Aniwa  Bay,  1 7  fathoms  ;  Gulf  of  Tartary,  29  fathoms. 


ME.  A.  ADAMS  ON  JAPANESE  GASTEItOPODS.  93 

2.  Trichotropis  insignis,  Middendorff,  Beitr.  zu  einer  Mai.  Ross.  ii.  p.  108. 
Hab.  Aniwa  Bay,  17  fathoms. 

3.  Trichotropis  borealis,  Brod.  S)-  Sow.  Zool.  Journ.  1829,  iv.  p.  375. 
(T.  costellata.  Couth. — T.  Atlantica,  Beck. — T.  umbilicata,  Macgilliv.) 

Hab.  Castle  Point,  Manchuria,  37  fathoms. 

4.  Trichotropis  conica,  Moll.  Ind.  Moll.  Greenland,  p.  85. 
Hab.  Castle  Point,  Manchuria,  37  fathoms. 

5.  Trichotropis  cancellata,  Hinds,  Zool.  Voy.  Sulph.  Moll.  pi.  1 1 .  f.  1 1 ,  12. 
Hab.  Satanoraosaki,  55  fathoms. 

6.  Trichotropis  inermis.  Hinds,  Zool.  Voy.  Sulph.  Moll.  pi.  11.  f.  13,  14. 
Hab.  Okosiri,  35  fathoms. 

7.  Trichotropis  cedo-nulli,  A.  Ad.  Ann.  Sf  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  1860. 
Hab.  Gotto  Islands,  48  fathoms;  Mino-Sima,  63  fathoms. 

2.  iFumoE,  H.  ^  A.  Ad. 

1.  Iphinoe  unicarinata.  Sow.     (Trichotropis  unicarinata.  Sow.  Gen.  of 
Shells. ) 

Hab.  Gotto,  48  fathoms ;  Uraga,  21  fathoms. 

2.  Iphinoe  quadricarinata,  A.  Ad.  Ann.  S)-  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  1861. 
Hab.  Okosiri,  35  fathoms. 

Fam.  CTPE^ID^. 

1.  Ctpe^a,  Linn. 

1.  Cyprsea  fimbriata,  Gmel.  Syst.  Nat.  p.  2423;  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  92. 
Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 

2.  Cyprsea  felina,  Gray,  Zool.  Journ.  i.  p.  384  ;  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  105. 
Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 

3.  Cyprsea  flaveola,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  p.  1179 ;  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  95. 
Hab.  Tatiyama;  Tsu-Sima;  Kino-0-Sima. 

2.  Aeicia,  Grai/. 

1.  Aricia  Arabica,  Linn.  (Cyprsea  Arabica,  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  12.  p.  1 173 ; 
Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  2.— C.  fragilis,  Linn.,  young. — C.  amethystea, 
L.,  young. — C.  eglantina.  Duel.) 

Hab.  Tago. 

2.  Aricia  reticulata,  Martyn.  (Cypraea  reticulata,  Martyn,  Univ.  Conch. 
pi.  15;  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  3.— C.  histrio,  Gmel.—C.  arlequina, 
Chemn.) 

Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 


94  MR.  A..   ADAMS  OX  JAPANESE   GASTEEOPOBS. 

3.  Ariciamoneta,  Linn.    (Cypraea  moneta,  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  12.  p.  11/8  ; 
Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  "tA.) 

Hab.  Tatiyaina;  Tanabe. 

4.  Aricia  caput-serpentis,  Linn.   (Cyprsea  caput-serpentis,  L.  Syst.  Nat. 
ed.  12.  p.  1175;  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  44.) 

Hab.  Tanabe;  Kino-0-Sima ;  Tago ;  Tsu-Siraa. 

3.  Ltjponia,  Grai/. 

1 .  Luponia  cauriea,  Linn.  (Cypra;a  caurica,  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  12.  p.  1 1 79 ; 
Rve,  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  46.) 

Hab.  Satanomosaki,  55  fathoms. 

2.  Luponia  onj'x,  Linn.    (Cypva^a  onyx,  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  12.  p.  1177  ; 
Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  39. — C.  adusta.  Lam.) 

Hab.  Tsusaki ;  Tanabe ;  Tatiyama. 

3.  Luponia   helvola,    Linn.     (Cypraea  helvola,  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.   12. 
p.  1180  ;  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  72.) 

Hab.  Takano-Sima. 

4.  Luponia  vitellus,  Linn.     (Cypraea  vitellus,  L.    Syst.  Nat.    ed.   12. 
p.  1176,  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  14.) 

Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 

5.  Luponia  clandestina,    Linn.      (Cyprsea   clandestina,  L.  Syst.  Nat. 
ed.  12.  p.  1177;  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  106.) 

Hab.  Tsu-Sima;  Tatiyama;   Kino-0-Sima. 

6.  Luponia  erosa,  Linn.  (Cyprsea  erosa,  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  12.  p.  1179; 
Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  43.) 

Hab.  Tanabe;  Takano-Sima. 

7.  Luponia  pallida.   Gray.       (Cyprsea  pallida,    Gray,  Zool.  Journ.  i. 
p.  387 ;    Jive.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  64.) 

Hab.  Japan. 

I  have  not  met  with  this  species. 

4.  PusTULAMA,  Swains. 

1.  Pustularia  staphy lea,  Lira w.    (Cypra;astaphylea,  1;.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  12. 

p.  1181 ;  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  82. — C.  limacina.  Lam.,  var.) 
Hab.  Satanomosaki;  Tatiyama;  Takano-Sima. 

5.  Teivia,  Grat/. 

1.  Trivia  globosa.  Gray,  Sow.  Conch.  Illust.  Cyprseidse,  no.  117;  Rve. 
Conch.  Icon.  sp.  152.    (Cyprsea  pilula,  Kien.) 

Hab.  Satanomosaki,  55  fathoms. 

2.  Trivia  grando,  Gask.  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  1849,  p.  17. 
Hub.  Gotto,  71  fathoms;  Simoda. 


ME.  A.  ADAMS  ON  JAPANESE  GA8TER0P0DS.  95 

Fam.  AMPHIPERASID^. 
1.  Amphipekas,  Gronov. 

1.  Amphiperasbrevis,  Soto.     (Ovulutn  breve.  Sow.  Thes.  Conch,  pi.  101. 
f.  70,  71.) 

Hab.  Mino-Sima,  63  fathoms. 

2.  Amphiperas  pyriformis.  Sow.   (Ovulum  pyriforme.  Sow.  Thes.  Conch. 
pi.  101.  f.  72,  73.) 

Hab.  Satanomosaki,  55  fathoms, 

3.  Amphiperas  bulla.  Sow.  (Ovulum  bulla,  Sow.  Thes.  Conch,  pi.  101. 
f.  82,  83 ;  Moll.  Voy.  Sam.  pi.  6.  f.  5a,  b.) 

Hab.  Satanomosaki,  55  fathoms. 

4.  Amphiperas  pvmctata,  Duclos.  (Ovula  punctata.  Duel.,  Guer.  Mag.  de 
Zool.  1828.— Ovulum  puuetatum, Sow.  Thes.  Conch,  pi.  101.  f.  90,  92.) 

Hab.  Gotto  Islands,  48  fathoms. 

5.  Amphiperas  umbilicata,   Sow;.      (Ovulum  umbilicatum.   Sow.   Thes. 
Conch,  pi.  101.  f.  88,  89.) 

Hab.  Gotto  Islands,  71  fathoms. 

6.  Amphiperas  Rhodia,  A.  Ad.  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  1854,  p.  130. 
Hab.  Japan,  teste  Cuming. 

2.  Calpuunus,  Montf. 

1.  Calpurnus  concinnus,  Soiv.     (Ovulum  concinnum,  Sow.  Moll.  Voy, 
Sam.  pi.  6.  f.  8.) 

Hab.  Mino-Sima,  63  fathoms. 

2.  Calpurnus  lacteus.  Lam.    (Ovula  lactea.  Lam.  Hist.  An.  s.  Vert.  vii. 
p.  368. — Ovulum  lacteum,  Sow.  Thes.  Conch,  pi.  101.  f.  67,  69.) 

Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 

3.  Calpurnus  carneus,  Lam.    (Ovula  carnea,  Lam.  Hist.  An.  s.  Vert,  vii. 
p.  368. — Ovulum  carneum,  Sow.  Thes,  Conch,  pi.  101.  f.  74-77-) 

Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 

4.  Calpurnus  striatulus.  Sow.     (Ovulum  striatuluiii,  Sow.  Thes,  Conch. 
pi.  lOl.f.  84,  85.) 

Hab.  Tsusaki,  55  fathoms. 

5.  Calpurnus  bullulatus.  Sow,     (Ovulum   buUulatura,  Sow,  Moll.  Voy. 
Satn.  pi.  7-  f.  13  a,  6.) 

Hab,  Gotto  Islands,  71  fathoms. 

6.  Calpurnus   dentatus.  Sow.     (Ovulum  dentatum.   Sow.  Moll.   Voy, 
Sam.  pi.  7-  f-  4  a,  b.) 

Hab.  Gotto  Islands,  48  fathoms. 


96  MR.   A.  ADAMS  ON  JAPANESE    GASTEROPODS. 

7.  Calpurnus  f.jrmosus,   Sow.     (Ovulum  formosum,  Sow.  Moll.    Voy. 
Sam.  pi.  7-  f-  t»  a,  b.) 

Hab.  Kiuo-0-Sima. 

8.  Calpurnus   dorsuosus,    Hinds.    (Ovulum   dorsuosum.   Hinds,  Moll. 
Voy.  Sulph.  pi.  17.  f.  3,4.) 

Hab.  Gotto  Islands,  48  fathoms. 

3.  Ctphoma,  Bolt. 

1.  Cyphoma  elongatum,  .(4.  Jc?.  C.  testa elongata,  angusta,  utriuque 
valde  producta,  alba,  in  medio  angulata,  laevi;  canalibus  productis, 
emarginatis;  apertura  angusta,  antice  subdilatata;  labio  Isevi,  piano, 
extus  callo  gibboso  instructo,  antice  intus  longitudinaliter  sulcato; 
labro  crasso,  in  medio  subangulato,  extus  varicoso. 
Hab.  Gotto,  48  fathoms. 

The  Cyphoma  group  consists  of  the  species  of  Ovula,  Lam.,  named  0. 
gibbosa,  O.  emarginata,  and  O.  intermedia.  The  present  species  is  much 
more  elongated  and  narrower  even  than  O.  intermedia,  but  it  has  the 
dorsal  ridge  and  other  peculiarities  which  constitute  a  Cyphoma. 

4.  VOLTA,  BoU. 

1.  Volva  volva,  L.     (Bulla  volva,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  12.  p.  1185. — 
Ovula  volva,  Lam. — Ovulum  volva.  Sow.  Thes.  Conch,  pi.  99.  f.  6-8.) 
Hab.  Satanomosaki,  55  fathoms. 

5.  Eadius,  Schum. 

1.  Radius  recurvus,  Sow.     (Ovulum   recurvum.  Sow.  Moll.  Voy.  Sam. 
pi.  7.f.  3  a,  b,  c.) 

Hab.  Satanomosaki,  55  fathoms. 

2.  Radius  subreflexus.  Sow.    (Ovulum  subreflexum.  Sow.  Moll.  Voy. 
Sam.pl.  7.  f.  10«,6.) 

Hab.  Tsu-Sima,  25  fathoms. 

3.  Radius  acuminatus.  Sow.    (Ovulum  acuminatum.  Sow.  Moll.  Voy. 
Sam.  pi.  7.  f.  1  a,  b.) 

Hab.  Kuro-Sima,  35  fathoms. 

4.  Radius    obtusus.   Sow.      (Ovulum    obtusum.    Sow.     Thes.    Conch 
pi.  100.  f.  22-24.) 

Hab.  Mino-Sima,  63  fathoms ;  Kuro-Sima,  39  fathoms. 

5.  Radius  scitulus,  A.  Ad.     (Amphiperas  scitula,  A.  Ad.  Proc.  Zool. 
Soc.  1854,  p.  131.) 

Hab.  Tsu-Sima,  25  fathoms. 


MR.  A.  MURRAY  ON  ORTHOPTEROUS  INSECTS.  97 

On  the  early  Stages  of  Development  of  Orthopterous  Insects.  By 
Andrew  Murray,  Esq.,  F.L.S.,  Assistant  Secretary  to  the 
Royal  Horticultm'al  Society. 

[Eead  Nov.  20,  1862.] 

I  DO  not  know  why  it  should  be  so,  but  I  am  inclined  to  think  that 
it  is  the  fact,  that  although  naturalists  and  scientific  men  are  neces- 
sarily as  liable  to  error  as  the  rest  of  mankind,  they  are  more  re- 
luctant to  acknowledge  their  errors.  Of  course,  in  the  abstract 
and  general,  they  will  acknowledge,  as  much  as  you  please,  they 
are  all  "miserable  sinners";  but  touch  them  on  specific  points, 
and,  recalcitrant  as  all  mankind  are  to  such  confessions,  the  natu- 
ralist, I  think,  kicks  hardest.  It  may  be  that  it  costs  him  more 
to  make  them.  His  works  are  the  children  of  his  brain ;  he  has 
travailed  hard  to  bring  them  forth  :  they  are  the  restdt  of  long 
thought  and  laborious  inv^estigation  ;  and  the  more  time  and  pains 
he  has  bestowed  upon  them,  it  is  natural  that  the  greater  should 
be  his  reluctance  to  acknowledge  them  to  be  abortive.  It  is  wrong, 
however,  to  speak  of  it  as  an  acknowledgment.  If  he  is  once  con- 
vinced that  he  is  wrong,  he  is  not  less  ready  to  acknowledge  it 
than  other  men.  But  the  difficulty  is,  to  convince  him.  There 
are  some  men  whom  it  is  impossible  to  convince  ;  they  rest  on  the 
conclusion  to  which  they  have  once  come  with  all  the  unreason- 
ing obstinacy  of  consistency ;  there  are  others  who  are  only 
unconvinceable  after  they  have  committed  themselves  to  print. 
The  majority,  however,  are  only  difficult  to  convince.  For  myself, 
I  claim  to  be  one  of  these  reasonable  men.  When  facts  and  argu- 
ments have  all  declared  against  me,  and  I  have  no  longer  a  leg  to 
stand  upon,  I  wall  handsomely  acknowledge  myself  to  have  been 
in  the  wrong  ;  but  until  then,  I  find  it  very  difficult  "  to  see  the 
matter  in  that  light." 

This  is  my  present  predicament.  Some  years  ago  I  published 
a  few  observations  on  the  metamorphoses  of  Orthopterous  and 
Hemipterous  insects,  which  received  more  attention  than  they 
deserved,  from  their  concurring  with  and  supporting  what  appeared 
to  be  the  views  of  one  of  our  heroes  scientics,  Professor  Owen. 

During  the  past  summer  I  have  made  some  further  observations, 
which  have  shown  me  that  I  had  certainly  misread  the  facts  whicli 
I  saw ;  and  they  have  also  suggested  to  me  the  doubt  that  I 
may  be  wrong  in  the  conclusions  to  which  I  had  arrived.  These 
conclusions  did  not,  however,  rest  alone  on  the  facts  which  I 
had  misread,  but  on  independent  observations  made  by  Professor 
Owen  ;  and  it  may  thus  be  that  the  views  which  I  formerly  pro- 

LINN.   PROC. — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  VII.  7 


98  MB.  A,  MUEEAY  ON  THE  EAELT  STAGES  OF 

pounded  are  still  well  founded,  alttougli  some  of  the  props  on 
whicli  I  rested  them  have  to  be  withdrawn.  In  these  circum- 
stances I  think  I  shall  best  perform  my  duty  by  simply  laying 
before  the  Society,  at  this  the  earliest  opportunity,  the  observations 
which  lead  me  to  think  that  I  have  been  mistaken. 

To  enable  the  Society  to  understand  the  point  at  issue,  I  must 
crave  their  endurance  whilst  I  recapitulate  a  little. 

Fellows  are  of  course  aware  that  OrtJiopteroits  and  Hemipterous 
insects  are  characterized  by  what  is  called  a  semicomplete  meta- 
morphosis, that  is,  that  they  quit  the  egg,  not  in  the  shape  of  cater- 
pillars, but  nearly  similar  in  form  to  the  perfect  insect,  but  with 
some  parts  only  partially  developed ;  that,  after  so  appearing,  they 
at  no  time  go  into  a  dormant  chrysalis  state,  but  merely  cast  their 
skin  a  certain  number  of  times,  after  each  of  which  the  wings  and 
other  parts  of  the  insect  make  an  advance  towards  their  perfect 
state.  The  first  stage  of  these  insects  after  their  appearance  out  of 
the  egg  has  been  treated  by  entomologists  as  a  pecvdiar  form  of  the 
larva  state,  which  Mr.  Westwood  has  characterized  as  "  homomor- 
phous"  or  "monomorphous,"  from  its  resemblance  to  the  perfect 
insect  after  its  first  moultings;  and  when  the  wings  begin  to  appear, 
it  was  said  to  pass  into  the  pupa  state,  and  was  called  an  active 
nymph  or  pupa.  Professor  Owen,  however,  in  his  lectures  on  inver- 
tebrate animals,  pointed  out  that  we  ought  not  to  look  upon  these 
"  homomorphous  "  larvae  as  true  larvae,  but  that  the  true  larval  con- 
dition was  to  be  sought  for  in  the  egg.  He  stated  that  "  these  in- 
sects" (the  Orthopterous  and  Hemipterous)  "  are  at  one  stage  of 
their  development  apodal  and  acephalous  larvae,  like  the  maggot  of 
the  fly ;  but,  instead  of  quitting  the  egg  in  this  stage,they  are  quickly 
transformed  into  another,  in  which  the  head  and  rudimental  tho- 
racic feet  are  developed  to  the  degree  which  characterizes  the  hex- 
apod  larvae  of  the  Carabi  and  PetaJocera ;  the  thorax  is  next 
defined,  and  the  parts  or  appendages  of  the  head  are  formed,  at 
which  stage  of  development  the  young  Orthopteran  corresponds 
with  the  hexapod  antenniferous  larva  of  the  Meloe;  but  it  differs 
from  all  Coleopterous  larvae  in  being  inactive,  and  continuing  in  the 
egg  almost  until  all  the  proportions  and  characters  of  the  mature 
insect  are  acquired,  save  the  wings." 

This  statement  was  published  in  1855,  in  the  edition  of  Owen's 
'  Invertebrate  Animals,'  when  I  happened  to  be  engaged  in  writing 
an  account  of  a  living  specimen  of  the  Leaf-insect  {Fhyllium Scythe) 
which  was  reared  in  that  year  in  the  Botanic  Garden  of  Edin- 
burgh ;  and  it  suggested  to  me  doubts  as  to  the  received  mode  of 
explaining  tlie  phenomena  of  the  development  of  these  insects. 


BEVELOPMENT  OF  OETHOPTEROTJS  INSECTS.  99 

It  appeared  to  me  that  if  it  were  once  determined  that  the 
larviB  of  Orthopterous  insects  passed  the  early  portion  of  their  life 
in  the  egg,  in  the  shape  of  maggots,  something  else  must  follow 
from  this  by  way  of  corollary.  It  struck  me  that  the  neces- 
sary consequence  of  the  early  stage  of  the  Orthopteran  being  a 
larva  in  the  egg  was,  that  it  also  passed  the  chrysalis  state  in  the 
egg.  I  could  quite  understand  that  the  perfect  insect  was  eliminated 
out  of  the  embryonic  elements  in  the  egg,  in  the  same  way  that  a 
chicken  is  hatched ;  but  if  the  maggot  were  once  hatched  instead 
of  the  chicken,  I  know  of  no  means,  and  no  analogy,  by  which  its 
vermiform  character  could  be  changed,  except  by  passing  through 
the  dormant  chrysalid  state. 

The  solution  which  I  proposed  was  that  both  the  larval  and 
chrysalid  states  were  passed  in  the  egg,  and  that  what  has  been 
called  the  homomorphous  larva  or  the  active  pupa,  both  by  West- 
wood  and  Owen,  was  merely  a  phase  of  the  perfect  insect.  Whether 
I  am  right  in  the  former  view  is  what  I  now  doubt,  but  I  retain 
as  firm  a  conviction  of  the  latter  as  ever. 

The  fact  which  I  can  testify  from  personal  observation,  and 
which  is  confirmed  by  various  independent  observers,  that  perfect- 
winged  Hemiptera  have  been  found  coupling  with  incomplete, 
apterous  (quasi  larval)  individuals,  and  not  only  so,  (although  as  to 
this  I  do  not  speak  from  my  own  observation)  but  that  two  incom- 
plete apterous  individuals  have  been  found  coupling  together, 
seems  to  me  at  least  primd  facie  evidence  that  the  individuals 
exercising  that  function  were  not  larvae,  but  must  have  been  per- 
fect, although  precocious  insects. 

The  arguments  by  which  I  endeavoured  to  support  the  propo- 
sition that  both  the  larval  and  chrysalis  stages  were  passed  in  the 
egg  were  drawn  from  some  observations  upon  the  eggs  of  the  Leaf- 
insect,  which  seemed  consistent  with  the  adoption  of  Professor 
Owen's  observations  that  the  insect  passed  its  larval  stage  in  the 
egg,  as  an  apodal  vermiform  caterpillar  ;  for  it  will  be  observed  that 
the  whole  of  my  reasoning  depended  upon  this.  Without  this 
basis,  I  had  no  ground  to  go  upon.  All  that  I  said  was,  admit 
that  the  larva  is  once  a  maggot,  and  I  defy  you  to  transform  it 
into  a  perfect  insect  in  any  other  way  than  by  passing  it  through  the 
chrysalis  state.  I  say  so  still ;  but  if  it  is  not  a  maggot  in  the  egg, 
if  it  appears  at  once  (that  is  so  soon  as  it  has  left  its  embryonal 
condition  and  assumed  a  distinct  character)  with  the  limbs  and 
parts  of  the  so-called  active  pupa,  then  there  is  no  puzzle ;  there  is 
nothing  abnormal :  it  has  only  to  grow  as  any  other  creature  grows. 

The  instances  I  adduced  in  support  of  the  above  view  were 

7* 


100  MR.  A.  MURRAY  ON  THE  EARLY  STAGES  OF 

two,  the  first,  as  already  mentioned,  drawn  from  tlie  egg  of  the 
Leaf-insect,  and  the  second  from  that  of  the  Cockroach,  both  how- 
ever from  dried  specimens. 

Tliat  drawn  from  the  egg  of  the  Leaf-insect  was  as  follows. 
The  outer  case,  or  capsule,  or  egg  as  it  is  generally  called,  is 
about  the  size  of  a  small  pea,  of  a  corticaceous  honeycombed  tex- 
ture, lined  within  with  a  porcelain-like  shell,  and  fitted  with  a 
little  conical  lid.  Within  it  is  an  under  membrane,  which  con- 
tains the  yelk.  This  yelk  is  sometimes  dried  up  and  hardened, 
and  may  assume  the  form  of  a  flasked-shaped  transparent  capsule. 
It  had  done  so  in  my  former  specimen  ;  and  its  shape  and  appearance 
was  so  thoroughly  that  of  a  capsule,  that  it  misled  myself  and  every 
one  who  saw  it,  and  I  described  it  as  such.  I  said  that  if  we*  re- 
garded the  outer  case  or  egg  as  the  egg,  then  the  inner  membrane 
should  be  the  chorion,  and  the  flask- shaped  capsule  the  yelk ;  but 
as  this  capside  had  a  determinate  form  (which,  indeed,  is  incon- 
sistent with  the  liquid  condition  of  a  yelk),  I  thence  inferred  that, 
as  it  could  not  be  the  yelk,  it  might  be  the  chrysalis. 

When  I  made  these  remarks,  I  had  very  imperfect  materials  to 
generalize  from.  This  I  fully  explained.  I  said,  "  I  have  only 
examined  one  addled  egg,  and  it  chanced  to  be  one  with  what  I 
suppose  to  be  the  chrysalis  in  it.  Some  more  fortunate  individual 
will,  I  hope,  ere  long  have  the  opportunity  of  settling  the  question  ; 
and  if,  on  opening  eggs  at  an  early  period,  he  find  a  maggot,  and 
at  later  periods  this  capsule,  I  think  I  shall  then  be  entitled  to  say 
that  it  has  been  settled  in  my  favour."  Last  year  I  was  desirous 
of  introducing  a  supply  of  these  interesting  creatures  as  objects 
of  attraction  to  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Conservatory, 
and  I  procured  a  supply  of  eggs  from  my  friend  Professor  Fayrer 
of  Calcutta.  Unfortunately  these  proved  aU  addled,  and  I  have 
thus  had  ample  material  for  investigation  (so  far  as  dried  specimens 
allow),  and  have  perfectly  satisfied  myself  that  the  egg  does  not 
difier  in  its  parts  from  any  other  egg.  The  outer  case  is  merely 
the  shell,  the  inner  membrane  is  the  chorion,  and  what  I  took  for 
a  capside  with  a  determinate  shape  is  merely  the  yelk  hardened 
into  a  particular  form.  I  have  found  it  assuming  more  or  less  of 
this  form  according  to  circumstances — sometimes  only  a  part  of 
it,  and  at  others  nearly  the  whole  being  so  shaped. 

The  other  instance  which  I  brought  forward  was  drawn  from  the 
egg  of  the  Blatta,  and  was  published  in  1856.  This  was  the  insect 
from  the  study  of  which  Professor  Owen  arrived  at  his  conclusions. 
He  says  in  his  *  Lectures  on  Invertebrate  Animals  '  (p.  437,  edition 
1855),  "  Metropolitan  duties  shut  out  much  of  the  field  of  nature  ; 


DEVELOPMENT  OF  OBTHOPTEROUS  INSECTS.  101 

but  still  she  may  be  found  and  studied  everywhere.  I  first  learned 
to  appreciate  the  true  nature  and  relations  of  the  nominally  various 
and  distinct  metamorphoses  of  insects,  by  watching  and  pondering 
over  the  development  of  a  Cockroach,  which  quits  the  egg  as  a 
Crustacean.  I  saw  that  it  passed  through  stages  answering  to  those 
at  which  other  insects  were  arrested  :  there  was  a  period  when  its 
jointed  legs  were  simple,  short,  unarticulated  buds, when  its  thirteen 
segments  were  distinct  and  equal — when  it  was  apodal,  when  it  was 
acephalous."  Predisposed  by  this,  I  viewed  a  specimen  of  the  egg 
of  the  Blatta,  which  shortly  afterwards  came  into  my  hands,  in  a 
diiferent  light  from  what  I  should  perhaps  otherwise  have  done. 

I  received  from  my  correspondents  in  Old  Calabar  a  rude  idol- 
like figure,  in  the  corners  of  the  eyes  and  behind  the  ears  of  which 
three  or  four  Cockroaches'  eggs  had  been  laid.  The  eggs  of  this 
insect  are  compound  eggs,  formed  somewhat  like  a  broad  pea-pod, 
in  which  spaces  are  partitioned  oflT  transversely  for  the  young 
insects,  which  are  arranged  like  peas  in  the  pod.  When  the  insect 
had  laid  them  on  tliis  figure,  it  had  plastered  them  all  over  with  a 
cemented  coating  of  chopped  wood  or  straw,  like  a  cocoon ;  and 
after  this  had  been  done,  the  whole  figure  had  been  rudely  painted 
by  the  natives,  and  these  cases  were  covered  with  the  paint.  No 
insect  could  have  emerged  without  breaking  through  the  case  and 
the  paint,  which  were  both  uninjured.  I  presume,  at  a  certain 
stage  on  their  passage  homewards,  the  cold  had  killed  them ;  for  I 
found  the  contents  preserved  as  they  no  doubt  existed  at  the  time 
when  this  event  took  place. 

In  one  I  found  the  mummied  re-  -^^S-  !• 

mains  of  what,  in  describing  them,  I 
called  a  row  of  unmistakeable  grubs, 
packed  closely,  filling  these  partitions. 
Fig,  1  is  a  sketch  of  this ;  and  from 
it  it  may  be  judged  whether  my  de- 
scription was  not  fairly  warranted. 

The  next  egg  which  I  opened  showed  no  grubs.  It  was  un- 
doubtedly further  advanced.  In  it  I  found  only  two  insects,  but 
they  had  no  longer  the  grub  form ;  they  were  smaU,  wingless  Blatta. 
One  was  perfect  and  fresh,  the  other  somewhat  injured  ;  they  were 
probably  the  last  survivors  of  their  brothers  and  sisters,  whom  they 
had  no  doubt  devoured ;  for  the  egg,  although  ready  to  open,  had 
never  given  egress  to  any  of  its  inmates.  One  of  these  has  been 
lost ;  but  the  other  may  be  seen  in  the  egg,  as  I  found  it. 

From  these  materials,  and  from  those  drawn  from  the  Leaf-insect, 
I  fancied  that  I  had  demonstrated — 


102  MR.  A.  MUBEAY  ON  THE  EAELT  STAGES  OF 

1.  A  grub  in  the  egg.     (The  first  egg  of  the  Blatta.) 

2.  A  cocoon  in  the  egg,  containing  the  unwiuged,  imperfectly 
developed  insect.     (The  Leaf-insect.) 

3.  An  unwinged,  imperfectly  developed  insect  in  the  egg,  free 
from  the  cocoon,  and  ready  to  emerge.  (The  second  egg  of  the 
Blatta.) 

I  have  now  to  acknowledge  and  to  show  that,  as  regards  the 
first,  I  was  in  error  ;  the  creature  whose  back  looks  so  like  one  in 
the  egg  is  not  a  grub.  As  regards  the  second,  I  have  already 
shown  that  this  was  merely  the  yelk  hardened  into  a  cocoon-like 
shape.  And  as  regards  the  third,  it  is  quite  true,  but,  without  the 
first  and  second,  proves  nothing  of  what  either  Professor  Owen  or 
myself  thought  to  exist. 

Since  the  publication  of  these  papers  (now  six  years  ago),  I  have 
always  wished  for  the  opportunity  of  investigating  the  matter  fur- 
ther, but,  until  the  present  year,  never  enjoyed  it.  I  have  already 
told  what  I  have  found  in  this  year's  arrival  of  Leaf-insect  eggs. 
I  shall  now  explain  what  I  have  learned  from  the  Blatta.  In 
Scotland  (my  former  residence)  Cockroaches  are  only  exceptionally 
abundant,  and  I  never  had  the  good  luck  to  have  any  in  my  house. 
Since  my  removal  to  London,  1  cannot  complain :  I  have  the  hap- 
piness to  live  in  a  house  that  is  overrun  with  them,  and  I  have 
friends  through  whom  I  have  sec\xred  specimens  from  ships  in  the 
docks.  JSTowithstanding  this  emharras  de  richesses,  I  have  found 
surprisingly  few  eggs,  and  most  of  those  which  I  did  get  were 
already  opened  or  advanced  to  the  stage  of  No.  3.  On  having 
recourse  to  the  gravid  female,  however,  I  have  obtained,  by  the 
Caesarean  operation,  two  or  three  half-developed  eggs,  a  careful 
examination  of  which  compels  me  to  own  that  the  interpretation 
I  put  on  the  African  egg  with  the  grubs  is  not  borne  out  by  facts. 

The  half-developed  egg  is  comparatively  much  narrower,  although 
not  greatly  shorter,  than  the  full-grown  egg.  On  opening  one  of 
these  soft,  pale,  and  flaccid  egg-cases,  I  found  what,  to  all  appear- 
ance, was  a  row  of  glistening  white  grubs.  Had  I  stopped  there 
(and  that  was  all  the  length  the  dried  African  specimen  allowed 
me  to  go),  I  could  have  sworn  it  was  a  row  of  grubs ;  but,  placed 
under  the  microscope,  the  scene  changed.  The  first  thing  that 
attracted  my  attention  was  a  pair  of  flag-like  flaps  at  one  end. 
This  I  soon  found  to  be  the  anal  projections  at  the  tail  of  the  per- 
fect insect.  The  other  part  seemed  rounded,  but  on  a  little  pres- 
sure being  given  to  the  glass,  out  gushed  from  under  the  thorax, 
where  it  had  been  closely  packed  up,  a  whole  quantity  of  sausage- 
like matter.     Can  these  be  the  intestines  ?  thought  L     It  was 


DEVELOPMENT  OF  OBTIIOPTEROUS  INSECTS.  103 

the  legs — long,  lanky,  ribbou-like  legs,  among  which  were  mixed 
the  long  antennae.     Figure  2  will  show  how  these  appeared.     Na 

Fig.  2. 


■>. 


intestines  or  internal  organs  at  all  seemed  yet  to  have  been  formed, 
Tlie  body  was  perfectly  transparent  and  full  of  difterent-sized  cells, 
which  seemed  a  trifle  more  aggregated  between  the  segments  of 
the  abdomen.  In  some  there  was  no  distinction  between  the  head 
and  thorax,  or  between  the  thorax  and  abdomen ;  in  others  this 
distinction  began  to  appear  (whether  visible  on  account  of  position 
or  not  I  could  scarcely  say,  but  probably  it  might  be  so).  On  the 
skin  being  ruptured,  the  cells  poured  out  in  quantity,  but  there 
was  no  appearance  of  any  vessels  or  defined  internal  structure  of 
any  kind.     There  was,  however,  an  indication  of  the  eye  externally. 

I  am  therefore  compelled  to  admit  that,  if  my  African  specimens 
had  been  fresh  and  entire,  I  should  have  found  a  head  and  long  legs 
curled  up  under  the  thorax,  and  not  an  apodous  acephalous  maggot. 

So  much  by  way  of  rectification  of  the  mistake  which  I  myself 
have  committed.  It  remains  to  consider  whether  Professor  Owen's 
statement,  which  led  me  wrong,  is  correct  or  not.  If  his  observa- 
tions bear  the  meaning  which  I  attached  to  them,  I  certainly  think 
he  has  fallen  into  a  mistake.  If  he  meant,  as  I  supposed  him  to 
do,  that  the  young  Blatta  ever  was  in  the  egg  in  the  shape  of  a 
real  acephalous  and  apodal  larva,  then  I  feel  very  confident  that 
he  is  wrong ;  and  he  may  have  been  misled  in  one  of  two  ways. 
He  may  have  fallen  into  the  same  mistake  which  I  committed — 
mistaken  the  vermiform-looking  back  of  the  Blatta  for  a  maggot. 
Or  he  may  have  fallen  into  an  error  which  I  have  escaped.  In 
opening  one  of  these  egg-capsules  (not  taken  from  the  parent  in- 
sect, but  one  which  had  arrived  at  maturity,  and  been  deposited),  I 
found  a  number  of  the  larvae  in  a  disarranged,  empty,  sloppy  state. 


104 


MR.  A.  MURRAY  ON  OETHOPTEROUS  INSECTS. 


and  in  the  midst  of  them  a  very  comfortable,  firm,  plump,  fat,  true 
apodal  and  acephalous  larva  (fig.  3).     It  was  obviously  a  parasite. 

Fig.  3. 


In  the  same  capsule  were  found  a  large  number  of  Chalcidites, 
some  in  chrysalis  and  some  in  the  imago  state.  The  apodous  larva 
probably  belonged  to  them.  Professor  Owen  may  have  met  with 
a  similar  parasite,  and  mistaken  it  for  the  real  lord  of  the  manor. 

This  is  on  the  supposition  that  I  have  rightly  interpreted  Pro- 
fessor Owen's  views.  It  may  be  that  I  have  misunderstood  him. 
In  speaking  of  the  insect  passing  its  larval  stage  in  the  egg,  he 
may  have  merely  meant  its  embryonic  stage.  If  this  was  what  he 
meant,  then  probably  we  are  at  one  in  our  meaning ;  for  it  has 
never  occurred  to  me  to  question  that,  in  its  embryonic  existence 
the  Blaftci  went  through  the  usual  course  of  development  observed 
in  other  animals  in  which  it  has  been  studied.  I  perfectly  believe 
(although  I  have  myself  never  traced  its  progress)  that,  as  in  the 
Aphis,  whose  development  from  the  egg  has  been  so  clearly  fol- 
lowed out  and  described  by  Professor  Huxley — and,  for  that  matter^ 
as  in  the  Vertebrata  and  in  our  ovni  species — the  first  semblance 
of  form  which  the  germ  of  life  assumes  is  a  cord  which  may  not 
inaptly  be  compared  to  something  vermiform,  and  this  shapeless 
shape  or  formless  object  gradually  and  imperceptibly  assumes  that 
shape  which  it  is  to  bear  when  it  leaves  the  egg.  Consequently  the 
long  legs  must  at  one  time  have  been  short  ones,  and  still  further 
back  must  have  shown  their  first  indications  as  buds. 

This  is  embryonic  development ;  and  if  it  is  this  which  Professor 
Owen  means  (and  there  are  some  passages  in  his  work  which  now 
lead  me  to  think  that  it  may  be  so),  then  I  misunderstood  his  mean- 
ing, and  have  been  writing  and  thinking  at  cross  purposes  with  him. 

But  if  that  is  his  meaning,  then  I  must  dissent  from  the  relation 
which  he  appears  to  think  exists  between  the  development  of  these 
insects  in  the  egg  and  the  metamorphoses  of  other  insects  out  of 


MR.  A.  ADAMS  ON  THE  FTTSIBJE  OF  JAPAN.  105 

it.  I  do  not  now  think  that  we  have  any  ground  to  call  the 
embryos  of  the  Blatt<s  "  apodal  and  acephalous  larvce,  like  the  mag- 
got of  the  Fly,"  nor  to  hold  that  they  "pass,  in  the  egg,  through 
stages  answering  to  those  at  which  other  insects  are  arrested."  I 
also  doubt  very  much  the  fact  that  at  any  stage  "  its  thirteen  seg- 
ments were  distinct  and  equal."  I  can  only  say  that,  in  my  speci- 
mens at  the  epoch  at  which  figure  2  was  taken,  the  segments  must 
have  been  at  their  earliest  stage,  for  they  were  in  some  absolutely 
undistinguishable ;  and  yet,  in  all,  the  long  legs  were  by  that  time 
developed ;  and  when  the  segments  could  be  distinguished,  they 
were  by  no  means  equal,  the  thoracic  segment  occunyingits  proper 
proportion — nearly  a  third  of  the  whole. 

There  yet  remains  another  supposition,  which  may  perhaps  be 
the  true  one,  viz.  that  Professor  Owen  has  founded  his  conclu- 
sions on  the  general  physiological  principles  of  development,  as 
modified  by  erroneous  observations,  arising  from  either  of  the 
sources  of  error  I  have  above  indicated. 


On  the  Species  of  Fusidce  which  iBhabit  the  Seas  of  Japan. 
By  Arthub  Adams,  E.L.S.,  &c. 
[Eead  March  19,  1863.] 
The  species  of  Eusoid  Gasteropods  are  tolerably  numerous  in  the 
seas  of  Japan.     In  the  north  I  found  many  of  the  large  Neptu- 
neoB,  which  in  the  south  are  represented  by  the  group  I  have  named 
SipJwnalia.     In  the  southern  parts  also  linger  a  Cominella  and  a 
few  JEuthricB.     No  species  of  Fnsus  proper  was  foimd  by  me  fur- 
ther north  than  Tsuka  Strait.     Semifusus  tuba,  used  as  a  fog-horn 
by  the  fishermen,  was  observed  from  Tsu-Sima  in  the  south  to 
Hakodadi  in  the  north. 

The  genus  Siphonalia,  A.  Ad.,  will  be  found  described,  and 
twenty-one  species  enumerated,  in  the  '  Annals  and  Magazine  of 
Natural  History  '  for  March  1863. 

1.  Genus  Hemifusus,  Sioa/ins. 

1.  Hemifusus  tuba,   Gmel.      (Murex  tuba,   Gmel. — Fusus  tuba,  Enc. 

Meth. — Pyrula  tuba.  Lam. — Cochlidium  tuba.  Gray.) 
Hab.  Tatiyama  ;  Hakodadi ;  Tsu-Sima  ;  Nagasaki. 

2.  Genus  Fusus,  Klein. 

1.  Fusus  crebriliratus.  Reeve,  Conch,  Icon.  sp.  20. 
Hab.  Tatiyama;  Okino-Sima. 

2.  Fusus  Novse  -Hollaudiae,  Reeve,  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  70. 
Hah.  Tatiyama;  Hakodadi. 

LINN.  PROO. — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  VII.  8 


106  MB.  A.  ADAMS  ON  THE  rUSID-E  OF  JAPAN. 

3.  Fusus  Beckii,  Reeve,  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  34.  ; 
Hab.  Tomo;  Seto-Uchi. 

4.  Fusus  pagoda.  Lesson,  Illust.  de  Zoologie,  pi.  40.;  Rve.  Conch.  Icon. 
sp.  32. 

Hab.  Kiusu. 

5.  Fusus  gracillimus,  Adams  8f  Reeve,  Moll.  Voy.  Sam. ;  Rve.  Conch. 
Icon.  sp.  69. 

Hab.  Tsaulian,  6  fathoms. 

6.  Fusus  fragosus,  Reeve,  Conch.  Icon. 
Hab.  Tsu-Sima. 

7.  Fusus  PEBPLEXUS,  A.  Ad. 

F.  testa  fusiformi,  tenui,  turrita,  alba,  rufo  tincta ;  anfractibus  7,  convexis, 
longitudinaliter  obsolete  plicatis,  transversim  liratis,  liris  acutis  aequa- 
libus  undulatis,  lineis  elevatis  filiforraibus  alternantibus,  liris  trans- 
yersis  subnodulosis  in  medio  anfractuum  instructis;  apertura  ovata, 
canali  aperto  ;  rostro  recto,  crasso,  apertura  longiore. 

Hab.  Tatiyama. 

A  species  of  ordinary  form  and  sculpture,  but  which  I  am  unable  to  refer 
to  any  already  described. 

8.  Fusus  soLiDULus,  A.  Ad. 

F,  testa  fusiformi,  solida,  albida,  rufo  tincta ;  anfractibus  8,  ad  suturas 
excavatis,  convexis,  longitudinaliter  valde  plicatis,  plicis  rotundatis, 
regularibus,  transversim  liratis,  liris  granulosis  insequalibus,  interstitiis 
subcancellatis ;  apertura  ovata,  canali  aperto,  rostro  brevi,  crasso, 
reflexo,  ad  extremitatem  truncato  et  vix  dilatato. 

Hab.  Tomo. 

A  stout,  solid  species,  with  a  short,  wide,  tnracate  beak  and  strongly  pli- 
cate convex  whorls. 

3.  Genus  Priene,  H.  Sf  A.  Ad. 

1.  Priene  cancellata,  Lam.  (Triton  cancellatum,  Lam.  Hist.  An.  s. 
Vert.  vol.  ix.  p.  638. — Fusus  cancellatus,  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  62. — 
Tritonium  (Buccinum)  cancellatum,  Midd.) 

Hab.  Rifunsiri,  Aniwa  Bay. 

2.  Priene  Oregonensis,  Say.  (Triton  Oregonense,  Say,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat. 
Hist.  vol.  iv.  p.  165. — Fusus  Oregonensis,  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  61.) 

Hab,  Okosiri,  35  fathoms ;  Aniwa  Bay. 

4.  Genus  Keptunea,  Zink. 

1.  Neptunea  antiqua,  Linn.  (Murex  antiquus,  Linn.,  Rve.  Conch. 
Icon.  Fusus,  sp.  44. — Tritonium  antiquum,  Miill. — Fuscus  bubaceus, 
Bernardi,Journ.  de  Conch,  tom.  vii.pl.  7-  f-  1. — "  Nisi"  in  Japanese.) 

Hab.  Aniwa  Bay  ;  Hakodadi. 

2.  Neptunea  fornicata,  Fabr.  (Tritonium  foraicatum,  Fair.— Fusus  for- 
nicatus.  Gray,  Beechey's  Voy.  p.  117  j  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  lusus,  sp.  63. 


MB.  A.  ADAMS  ON  THE  FITSIDiE  OF  JAPAN.  107 

— T.  Behringianum,  Midd. — Fusus  arthriticus,  Fisch.  Journ.  de  Conch. 
1857,  pi-  1^-  f-  3.— Fusus  Cumingii,  Crosse,  Journ.  de  Conch.) 
Hob.  Aniwa  Bay  ;  Rifunsiri ;  Hakodadi ;    Gulf  of  Tartary. 

3.  Neptunea  despecta,  Linn.  (Murex  despectus,  Linn. — Fusus  de- 
spectus,  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  Fusus,  sp.  39. — Fusus  carinatus,  Lam. — 
Murex  carinatus,  Penn. — Fusus  tornatus,  Gould. — Tritonium  de- 
spectum,  Fair.) 

Hab.  Aniwa  Bay ;  Rufunsiri. 

4.  Neptunea  aistuosa,  Gould,  Otia  Conch,  p.  123. 
Hab.  Kagosima. 

5.  Neptunea  lurida,  A.  Ad. 

N.  testa  ovato-ventricosa,  cretacea  aut  sordide  alba,  epidermide  fusca 
tenui  obtecta,  spira  apertiu-a  breviore;  anfractibus  4|,  convexis,  ulti- 
mo obtusim  postice  subangulato ;  apertura  ampla,  ovata,  intus  livida ; 
labio  laevi,  convexo,  canali  brevissimo  aperto  vix  reflexo  ;  labro  intus 
lirato,  prope  marginem  laevi,  postice  late  subsinuato. 
Hab.  Aniwa  Bay  J  Cape  Tofuts. 

This  is  the  common  edible  Whelk  of  the  Ainos.  I  cannot  refer  it  to  any 
of  the  varieties  of  N.  antiqua  mentioned  by  MiddendorfF,  most  of  which,  as 
mentioned  above,  also  occur  in  Northern  Japan. 

Subgenus  Sipho,  Klein. 

1.  Sipho  Sabinii,  Gray.  (Buccinum  Sabinii,  Gray,Suppl.  to  App.  Par- 
ry's Voy.  1824,  p.  240. — Fusus  Sabinii,  Gray,  Zool.  Beechey's  Voy. 
1839,  p.  117. — Fusus  Bernicensis,  King,  Ann.  4"  Mag.  Nat.  Hist. 
1846,  p.  246.) 

Hab.  Aniwa  Bay,  17  fathoms. 

2.  Sipho  dilatatus,  Quay  Sf  Gaim.  (Fusus  dilatatus,  Quay  Si-  Gaim,  Voy. 
de  I'Astr.  Zool.  pi.  34.  f.  15-17;  Rve.  Mon,  Fusus,  sp.  49. — Fusus 
adustus,  Phil.) 

Hab.  Tsu-Sima. 

3.  Sipho  plicatus,  A.  Ad. 

S.  testa  fusiformi,  subtunnta,  sordide  alba,  epidermide  pallide  fusca  ob- 
tecta, spira  apertura  longiore ;  anfractibus  9,  longitudinaliter  valde 
plicatis,  plicis  distantibus,  sequalibus,  interstitiis  transversim  sulcatis ; 
apertura  trigonali- ovata ;  labio  laevi,  arcuato,  canali  mediocri  lato  vix 
recurvato ;  labro  acuto,  margine  postice  late  sinuato. 

Hab.  Saghaleen  ;  Aniwa  Bay,  16  fathoms. 

Fusus  cretaceus.  Reeve,  is  the  only  shell  at  all  resembling  this  species. 
The  spire  is  very  elevated,  and  the  whorls  are  strongly  plicate. 

5.  Genus  Cominella,  Grai/.    - 

1.    COMINELLA   FVCXT\,  A.  Ad. 

C  testa  acuminato-ovata,  sordide  grisea,  fusco  fulvoque  fucata,  spira 
brevi,  conoidali ;  anfractu  ultimo  subventricoso ;  anfractibus  5,  planis, 
postice  coarctatis,  suturis  corrugato-plicatis  transversim  striatis ;  aper- 


108  ME.  A^  AUAM8  OK  THE  FUSIDJB  OF  JAPAN. 

tura  ovata,  ampla;  labio  laevi,  postice  calloso,  antice  subplanulato ; 
labro  effuso,  iatus  valde  sulcato,  margine  crenulato. 
Hab.  Japan ;  Coll.  Cuming. 

Except  in  the  form  of  the  outer  lip,  which  is  very  effuse,  this  species  is 
of  the  ordinary  form.  The  colour  is  dingy  grey,  stained  here  and  there 
with  fuscous. 

6.  Grenus  EuTnEiA,  Gray. 

1.  Euthria  plumbea,  Phil.  (Fusus  plumbeus,  FMl.  Abild.  der  neuen 
&c.  Conch,  pi.  1.  f.  3. — Buccinum  ferreum.  Reeve,  sp.  102. — Fusus 
viridulus,  Dkr.  Moll.  Japan,  pi.  1.  f.  16.) 

Hab.  Tsu-Sima;  0-Sima;  Nagasaki. 

2.  Euthria  badia,  A.  Ad. 

E.  testa  fusiformi,  badia,  spira  aperturam  aequante;  anfractibus  64,  con- 
vexiusculis,  prope  suturas  excavatis,  longitudinaliter  plicatis,  ])hcis  un- 
dulosis,  convexis,  distantibus,  transversim  liratis,  liris  granulosis  inse- 
qualibus;  apertura  acumiuato-ovata,  intus  livida ;  labio  postice  transver- 
sim rugoso,  canali  mediocri,  ad  sinistram  inclinato  recurvato ;  labro 
intus  valtle  sulcato,  margine  postice  sinuato  et  coarctato. 

Hab.  Tsu-Sima. 

A  brown  fusiform  species,  with  the  aperture  of  a  livid  colour,  the  whorls 
plicate  and  transversely  lirate,  and  with  the  outer  lip  internally  strongly 
sulcate. 

3.  Euthria  lirata,  A.  Ad. 

E.  testa  fusiformi,  rubro-castanea,  spira  apertura  longiore,  nucleo  per- 
magno;  anfractibus  6,  convexiusculis,  cingulis  transversis  planis  sequi- 
distantibus  sequalibus  succinctis,  interstitiis  valde  impressis,  longitudi- 
naliter crebre  striatis  ;  apertura  acuminato-ovata ;  labio  laevi,  rotundato, 
canali  producto,  ad  dextram  inclinato,  subtortuoso,  vix  reflexo  ;  labro 
simpUci. 

Hab.  Tsusaki. 

A  fusiform,  reddish-chestnut  species,  with  the  whorls  encircled  with  regu- 
lar, flat,  concentric  ridges. 

7.  Grenus  Canthieidus,  Montf. 

1.  Canthiridus  erythrostomus.  Reeve.     (Buccinum  erythrostoma.  Reeve, 
Conch.  Icon.  sp.  14.) 

Hab.  O-Sima. 

2.  Canthiridus  Cumingianus,  Dkr.  (Buccinum  Cumingianum,  Dkr. 
Malak.  Bliitt.  July  1846. — Buccinum  ligneum.  Reeve,  sp.  57.) 

Hab.  Seto-Uchi. 

Subgenus  Teitonidea,  Swains. 

1.  Tritonidea  Proteus,  Reeve.     (Buccinum  Proteus,  Reeve,  sp.  51.) 
Hab.  Tsu-Sima. 

2.  Tritonidea  balteata,  Reev£,    (Bucciuum  balteatum,  Reeve,  sp.  59.) 
Hab.  Tatiyama. 


ME.  F.  SMITH  ON  ACULEATE  HYMEKOPTEEA.  109 

Notes  on  the  Geograpliical  Distribution  of  the  Aculeate  Hyme- 
noptera  collected  by  Mr.  A.  E.  Wallace  in  the  Eastern  Archi- 
pelago. By  Feedeeick  Smith,  Esq.,  Assistant,  Zoological 
Department,  British  Museum.  Communicated  by  W.  W. 
Saundees,  Esq.,  F.E.S.,  V.P.L.S. 

[Read  March  5, 1863.] 

Weee  the  student  of  the  science  of  Entomology  to  start  with  the 
intention  of  making  himself  intimately  acquainted  with  all  the 
Orders  of  insects,  and  equally  familiar  with  every  species  in  those 
Orders,  he  would  be  attempting  a  task  too  vast  for  the  allotted 
duration  of  human  life,  a  space  too  brief  to  enable  even  the  most 
gifted  and  industrious  inquirer  to  master  a  tithe  of  the  subject 
thus  proposed  to  be  carried  out. 

Such  being  the  case  (and  I  believe  no  entomologist  will  dispute 
the  truth  of  the  position),  it  becomes  a  necessity  that  the  student 
should  restrict  his  researches  to  a  portion  only  of  the  wide  field 
over  which  the  science  of  entomology  now  ranges.  Hence  it  has 
become  the  practice  of  entomologists  in  many  cases  to  confine 
their  studies  to  the  fauna  of  their  own  country — some,  and  indeed 
a  very  large  majoritj^,  studying  onlj^  a  single  Order  of  that  fauna 
and  finding  even  this  amply  sufficient  to  engross  the  whole  of 
their  leisure  time,  whilst  others,  whose  means  in  life  are  such 
as  to  give  full  scope  to  their  inclinations,  devote  themselves  to 
wider  studies  ;  yet  even  in  such  cases  it  is  found  to  be  impera- 
tively necessary  that  a  single  Order  should  be  selected,  should  the 
student  propose  to  collect  his  materials  from  all  quarters  of  the 
globe.  In  this  more  extended  area  of  investigation  it  is  that  the 
student  enters  upon  the  enchanting  field  of  geographical  distri- 
bution. Of  all  the  sections  into  which  the  study  of  entomology 
may  be  divided,  there  is  none  more  alluring,  and  certainly  none  more 
important  and  useful,  than  that  which  embraces  a  knowledge  of 
the  geographical  distribution  of  families,  genera,  and  species. 

Before  proceeding  to  remark  upon  the  additional  knowledge  of 
the  Aculeate  Hymenoptera  that  we  have  obtained  through  tlie 
exertions  of  Mr.  Wallace,  it  appears  highly  desirable  that  a  short 
survey  should  be  made  of  the  known  geographical  distribution  of 
some  of  the  more  extensive  genera,  and  of  the  more  remarkable 
forms  with  which  we  were  acquainted  previously  to  Mr.  Wallace's 
explorations. 

The  Ants  are  perhaps  the  most  universally  distributed  insects 
belonging  to  the  tribe  of  the  Aculeata;    they  are  found  in  the 

LINN.  PROC. — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  VIT.  9 


110         MB.  r.  SMITH  ON  THE  GEOGRAPHICAL  DTSTEIBTJTION 

greatest  numbers,  not  only  of  individuals,  but  also  of  species  and 
genera,  within  the  tropics.  Ants,  however,  are  scattered  in  great 
profusion  many  degrees  both  north  and  south  of  those  limits, 
penetrating,  indeed,  in  the  former  direction  even  to  the  shores 
of  Arctic  America,  whence  Sir  John  Richardson  brought  several 
European  species  of  the  genus  Formica, — F.  herculanea  and 
F.  puhescens  being  amongst  the  number.  F.  rufa,  F.  sanguinea, 
F.fusca,  F.  nigra,  and  F.  umhrata  have  been  found  at  Hudson's 
Bay.  F.  puhescens  and  F.  lateralis,  both  European  species,  are 
met  with  in  the  Northern  States  of  America,  and  also  in  Canada ; 
in  fact  most  of  the  Ants  of  northern  Europe  will  probably  be 
found  to  occur  in  the  great  continent  of  North  America.  Se- 
veral of  our  European  Ants  are  also  found  in  Algeria,  as  F.  emar- 
ginata,  F.  opaca,  F.  puhescens,  F.  viatica,  &c. ;  the  latter  also 
occurs  in  Palestine,  Some  species  of  the  genus  Myrmiea  have  a 
very  extensive  range.  The  common  British  and  European  species 
M.  sulcinodis  is  found  also  in  Siberia  and  North  China ;  Atta 
capitata  occurs  in  Southern  Europe,  Spain,  Algeria,  and  in  Pales- 
tine. Some  species  of  Ants  which  live  in  houses,  and  devour  pro- 
visions, are  found  in  all  quarters  of  the  globe. 

The  MuTiLLiD^,  of  which  about  350  species  are  known,  have  a 
very  extensive  geographical  range,  and  also  an  almost  universal 
distribution.  The  number  of  species  in  northern  Europe  is  not 
great ;  the  type  of  the  genus  Mufilla,  M.  Europcea,  occurs  in 
Britain,  France,  Italy,  Germany,  Austria,  and  in  Eussia.  The 
greatest  number  of  species  have  been  found  in  Brazil  and  South 
America ;  they  are  numerous  in  Africa ;  many  occur  in  Aus- 
tralia, in  North  America,  and  in  India ;  and,  as  will  be  seen  by 
examining  the  table  of  geographical  distribution,  in  the  Eastern 
Archipelago  they  are  very  numerous. 

PoMPiLiD^. — The  insects  which  compose  this  extensive  family 
are  some  of  them  found  in  most  parts  of  the  habitable  globe. 
North  America  reproduces  as  it  were  the  species  of  Northern 
Europe — that  is,  species  so  closely  resembling  them  that  their 
specific  difference  is  difficult  of  detection.  Some  of  the  largest 
species  of  the  Aculeate  group  are  found  in  this  family,  and  also 
some  of  the  most  beautifully  adorned ;  the  geographical  range  of 
individual  species  is  very  extensive. 

The  Sphegidjb  are  as  universally  distributed  as  the  Pompi- 
lidse.  The  genus  Ammopliila  is  found  in  all  quarters  of  the  globe  ; 
Ammophila  salulosa  of  this  country  occurs  throughout  Europe  as 
far  north  as  Lapland  ;    it  also  penetrates   into  Algeria,  where 


OF  yVClTLEATE  nTMENOPTEUA.  Ill 

A.  viatica  is  also  found.  The  Sphegidae  appear  to  be  equally 
numerous  both  in  the  old  and  new  world.  Some  of  the  genera 
are  very  local,  as  Trigonopsis,  found  hitherto  only  in  Brazil.  Tlie 
genus  Pelopoeus  is  very  widely  distributed,  but  is  not  found  in 
northern  Europe  ;  it  occurs  in  the  South  of  France,  in  Italy,  Spain, 
Africa,  India,  the  Indian  Archipelago,  China,  Australia,  and  is 
very  abundant  both  in  North  and  South  America.  The  brilliant 
insects  belonging  to  the  genus  Chlorion  are  widely  distributed  in 
the  tropics  ;  four  of  the  six  known  species  are  eastern ;  one  occurs 
in  North,  the  other  in  South  America.  No  authentic  record  is 
known  of  the  occurrence  in  England  of  the  type  of  the  genus 
Sphex ;  it  is  found  in  Southern  Europe  and  in  North  Africa ;  the 
genus  is  found  in  Australia,  and  indeed  in  all  parts  of  the  tropics,  in 
India  and  China,  even  in  their  northern  provinces.  The  beautiful 
genus  Ampulex  is,  I  believe,  strictly  intertropical ;  twelve  species 
are  known,  eight  belonging  to  the  old,  and  four  to  the  new  world  ; 
the  type,  A.  compressa,  is  found  in  India,  China,  Java,  and  through- 
out the  Eastern  Archipelago. 

The  LARRiDiE,  with  a  few  exceptions,  are  inhabitants  of  the 
warmer  regions  of  the  globe.  The  type  of  the  genus  Larra  has 
been  recorded  as  a  British  species  ;  but  its  title  to  that  distinction 
is  extremely  doubtful.  The  geographical  distribution  of  some  of 
the  species  is  worthy  of  notice.  Larra  aurulenta  occurs  in  China, 
the  Philippines,  India,  throughout  tlie  Eastern  Archipelago,  and  in 
Africa  from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  to  Sierra  Leone ;  we  are 
acquainted  with  twenty  Asiatic  species,  and  the  same  number 
of  African  ;  the  new  world  is  known  to  possess  at  least  thirty 
species.  The  very  closely  allied  genus  Tachytes  is  generally  dis- 
tributed, and  numerous  in  species,  forty  having  been  described ; 
two  are  found  in  England  ;  the  range  of  individual  species  is  appa- 
rently very  restricted.  This  genus  was  believed  to  occur  almost 
everywhere  except  in  Australia  ;  but  four  species  have  been  found 
in  the  latter  locality,  and  one  in  New  Zealand. 

The  species  of  the  genus  Bemhex,  although  very  generally  dis- 
tributed, have  not  occurred  in  Great  Britain.  The  type,  B.  rostrata, 
is  found  throughout  Southern  Europe,  in  North  Africa,  and  in 
Finland.  B.  olivacea  has  apparently  a  wider  range,  being  found 
in  Southern  Europe,  in  Algeria,  and  in  Tranquebar  ;  about  fifteen 
species  are  found  in  Africa,  six  in  Australia,  four  in  India,  seven 
in  South  America,  and  about  the  same  number  in  North  America. 
The  very  closely  allied  genus  Monedula  has  only  occurred  in 
North  and  South  America. 

9* 


112         MK.  F.  SMITH  ON  THE  GEOQEArniCAL  DISTEIBUTION 

Of  the  very  numerous  species  which  constitute  the  family  CeA- 
BEONiDiE  some  are  found  in  most  parts  of  the  world.  The  genus 
Trypoxylon  is  apparently  generally  distributed ;  about  thirty  spe- 
cies are  now  known ;  the  type  T.Jigulus  occurs  throughout  Europe, 
in  the  warmest  as  well  as  the  coldest  latitudes,  specimens  having 
been  received  from  Italy,  France,  Germany,  Sweden,  Finland,  and 
Lapland.  The  typical  genus  Crabro,  if  we  reject  those  species 
which  have  the  abdomen  petiolated  and  form  the  genus  Hhopalum 
of  Kirby,  inhabits  the  temperate  latitudes  ;  it  occurs  throughout 
Europe,  also  in  North  America,  at  East  Florida,  and  Hudson's 
Bay  ;  the  only  species  at  present  known  from  other  countries  are 
three  from  Northern  India,  two  from  Brazil,  and  one  from  Tas- 
mania ;  the  range  of  individual  species  is  not  very  great. 

Of  the  beautiful  and  very  generally  distributed  species  of  the 
genus  Cerceris  about  one  hundred  are  known.  The  five  species 
found  in  this  country  are  common  throughout  Europe  ;  C.  ornata 
has  also  occurred  in  Algeria  ;  about  thirty  species  are  found  in 
Europe,  forty  in  Africa,  two  in  Australia,  twenty  in  the  East,  and 
thirty  in  North  and  South  America.  The  very  closely  allied  genus 
Philanthus  is  much  less  numerous,  about  thirty  only  being  known. 
The  type,  P.  triangulum,  is  found  throughout  Europe  ;  species  are 
scattered  over  most  parts  of  the  globe,  extending  north  as  far  as 
Denmark,  but  they  have  not  occurred  in  Australia  to  my  know- 
k'dge. 

FamUy  Vespid^. — With  the  exception  of  the  Formicidae,  no 
family  contains  individual  species  so  widely  distributed  as  are 
those  belonging  to  the  Vespidse.  The  typical  species,  V.  vulgaris, 
is  common  throughout  Europe,  it  occurs  in  Madeira,  North 
Africa,  and  is  also  found  in  North  America ;  V.  rufa  occui's 
in  America,  and,  as  well  as  F.  Germanica,  is  also  met  with  in 
Algeria ;  the  latter  species  has  also  been  found  in  Northern 
India  and  in  Syria.  One  or  two  species  appear  to  be  confined 
to  Northern  Europe :  V.  Norvegica  is  found  in  the  north  of 
England,  in  Sweden  and  Norway,  F.  onedia  beiag  apparently 
confined  to  the  two  latter  countries.  Vespa  crabro  is  a  species 
probably  more  widely  distributed  than  any  other  belonging  to 
the  family;  it  occurs  throughout  Europe,  to  the  north,  as  far 
as  Lapland  ;  it  may  also  prove  not  to  be  specifically  distinct 
from  V.  orientalis,  which  occurs  throughout  the  East,  or  from 
V.  crahroniformis  from 'North  China.  About  forty  species  of 
this  genus  are  known,  but  none  have  hitherto  been  found  in 
Australia  or  in  South  Africa.      F.  orientaJis  is  found  in  Greece, 


OF  ACULEATE  IIYMENOPTEEA.  113 

Turkey,  Egypt,  India,  and  in  some  of  the  islands  of  the  Eastern 
Arcliipelago. 

Of  the  extensive  genus  Polylia  about  sixty  species  have  been 
described  ;  but  only  three  are  of  the  Old  World — two  being  from 
China,  and  one  from  Africa.  In  Brazil  these  insects  abound  to 
a  degree  that  no  one,  without  visiting  that  country,  can  form 
any  approximate  idea  of;  many  species  are  of  minute  size  ;  and 
the  nests  constructed  by  them  are  amongst,  if  not,  the  most 
beautiful  examples  of  insect  architecture.  The  range  of  the  insects 
of  this  genus  in  America  is  almost  entirely  tropical ;  none  have 
been  found  in  North  America.  The  Wasps  composing  the  genus 
Chartergus,  whose  pasteboard  nests  are  so  well  known,  are  also 
tropical,  being  principally  foimd  in  Brazil.  The  genus  Nectarinia 
is  composed  of  honey-gathering  wasps  ;  they  are  principally  found 
in  Brazil. 

Having  taken  a  cursory  view  of  the  geographical  distribution  of 
the  principal  genera  of  the  Eormicidse,  the  Eossores,  and  the  Ves- 
pidae,  it  will  be  equally  desirable  to  treat  the  family  ApiDiE  in  the 
same  brief,  but  we  hope  instructive  manner.  The  Bees  most 
nearly  allied  to  the  VespidaB,  taking  the  form  of  the  tongue  as  the 
principal  guide  in  arrangement,  are  those  included  in  the  genus 
Colletes.  This  genus  has  a  wide  geographical  range  :  the  species  are 
found  throughout  Europe,  in  the  Canary  Islands,  in  Egypt,  at  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  in  Chili,  Columbia,  and  North  America ;  no 
species  has  yet  been  found  in  India,  China,  or  in  the  Eastern  Archi- 
pelago. Two  or  three  very  closely  allied  genera  are  found  in  Au- 
stralia and  New  Zealand. 

The  genus  Prosopis,  which  belongs  to  the  same  subdivision  as 
Colletes,  the  Obtusilingues,  is  of  universal  occurrence :  many  fine 
species  occur  in  Australia,  in  India,  North  and  South  America, 
and  also  in  Africa. 

The  extensive  genus  Halictus,  of  which  about  one  hundred 
species  are  described,  is  confined  principally  to  temperate  regions  ; 
they  are  found  throughout  Europe,  in  North  America,  in  Northern 
India,  and  also  in  North  China.  In  tropical  India,  and  indeed 
throughout  the  Eastern  Archipelago,  this  genus  is  represented  by 
a  very  closely  allied  one,  namely  the  genus  Nomia ;  in  South 
America  and  Brazil  it  is  replaced  by  the  genus  Augochlora, — the 
latter  genus  containing  some  of  the  most  brilliantly  coloured  spe- 
cies to  be  found  in  the  family  of  the  Apidse  :  green  of  every  shade, 
fiery  copper,  purple,  and  burnished  gold  are  the  colours  which 
principally  adorn  these  beautiful  insects.     A  few  species  of  the 


114         Mil.  Y.  SMITU  ON  THE   GEOOfiAPniCAIi  DISTRIBUTION 

genus  Halictiis  have  occurred  in  Australia  ;  two  or  three  are  from 
the  Arctic  regions. 

The  genus  Andrena  is  the  most  numerous  in  species  of  the  whole 
tribe  of  the  Anthophila :  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  species  are 
described  ;  they  are  almost  exclusively  confined  to  the  temperate 
portions  of  the  globe.  About  one-half  of  the  known  species  are 
found  in  Britain  ;  twenty  have  been  recorded  from  North  America ; 
the  remainder  occur  in  the  south  of  Europe,  Madeira,  and  Algeria. 
The  species  found  in  this  country  are  generally  distributed  through- 
out the  north  of  Europe ;  and  a  few  of  them  reappear  in  North 
America :  A.  Clarlcella  occurs  in  Nova  Scotia ;  A.  perplexa  cannot 
be  separated  from  our  A.  nitida,  and  several  other  species  appear 
to  be  common  alike  to  Great  Britain  and  America.  A.  Sattor- 
jiana,  which  occurs  in  the  south  of  Europe,  ranges  thence  as  far 
north  as  Finland ;  and  A.  cineraria  has  an  equally  wide  geogra- 
phical range.  A.  pilipes  occurs  in  Finland,  is  common  throughout 
Europe,  and  penetrates  into  North  Africa.  A.  varians  is  equally 
common  in  the  same  localities,  and  is  also  found  in  Nova  Scotia ; 
A.  albicajis  has  a  similar  distribution. 

Osmia  is  a  genus  consisting  of  about  fifty  species,  forty  of 
which  are  confined  to  Europe,  many  of  them  being  very  generally 
distributed.  O.  cenea  is  perhaps  the  most  widely  scattered  of  any 
known  species ;  it  is  common  in  all  parts  of  Europe ;  it  occurs  in 
Madeira,  in  the  Canaries,  and  is  also  found  in  Algeria ;  several 
species  are  common  in  Egypt ;  the  genus  is  found  at  Port  Natal ; 
but  not  a  single  species  is  known  from  the  East  or  from 
Australia. 

Of  all  the  genera  of  Bees,  Megachile  is  perhaps  the  most  truly 
cosmopolitan :  in  temperate  latitudes,  in  the  tropics,  and  in  the 
arctic  regions  these  Bees  are  alike  found ;  Sir  John  Richardson 
brought  species  from  Lake  Winipeg ;  many  are  known  Irom 
Hudson's  Bay  and  Nova  Scotia.  The  type  of  the  genus,  M.  cen- 
tuncularis,  occurs  throughout  Europe,  and  is  also  found  in  the 
United  States,  in  Canada,  and  at  Hudson's  Bay.  About  twenty 
species  are  known  from  Australia,  twice  that  number  from  Africa, 
twenty-six  from  India,  and  Mr.  Wallace  has  added  twenty-one 
new  ones  from  the  Eastern  Archipelago. 

Of  the  genus  Antliidium  about  one  hundred  species  are  known, 
but  only  one  is  found  in  Britain,  A.  manicatum  ;  this  Bee  is 
common  throughout  Europe.  About  thirty-nine  species  occur  in 
the  continent  of  Europe,  and  about  the  same  number  are  known 
from  Africa,  six  or  seven  from  Brazil  and  Chili,  and  about  ten 


OF  ACULEATE  HTMEKOPTEEA.  115 

from  North  America ;  not  a  single  species  has  yet  been  found  in 
India,  China,  the  Philippines,  or  in  any  of  the  islands  in  the  East- 
ern Archipelago. 

The  geographical  distribution  of  the  parasitic  Bees,  as  might  be 
expected,  is  apparently  regulated  by  the  distribution  of  the  genera 
upon  which  tliey  are  parasitic.  The  genus  Nomada,  parasitic  prin- 
cipally upon  the  Andrenae,  is  found  wherever  the  latter  genus 
occurs ;  Nomada  is  consequently  very  rare  in  India  and  in  the 
Eastern  Islands :  a  few  species  have  been  discovered,  these  proba- 
bly being  the  parasites  of  the  genus  Nomia.  Mr.  Wallace  discovered 
two  species ;  these,  together  with  two  from  Northern  India,  one 
from  North  China,  and  one  from  the  Philippines,  are  all  at  present 
recorded  from  the  East ;  about  fourteen  are  known  from  Algeria, 
and  twelve  from  North  America. 

Ccelioxys,  the  parasite  of  MegacJiile,  is  cosmopolitan.  Upwards 
of  fifty  species  have  been  described ;  they  are  of  course  found  in 
all  climates.  Although  no  species  has  yet  been  received  from 
Australia,  I  am  confident  there  will  be  several,  the  genus  MegacMle 
being  common  in  that  country. 

The  genus  Ctrocisa,  although  not  consisting  of  more  than  ten  or 
twelve  species,  is  very  widely  distributed.  It  does  not  occur  in 
England  ;  but  three  species  are  found  in  Europe :  one  of  these,  C 
kistrio,ia  also  found  in  Algeria  and  in  India.  Three  have  been  found 
in  South  Africa,  two  in  Australia,  and  one  in  North  China. 

There  are  no  less  than  eight  genera  of  parasitic  Bees  peculiar 
to  South  America  :  of  these,  Euritis,  Melissa,  Mesocheira,  Thale- 
stria,  Ctenioschelus,  Acanthopus,  and  Aglae  are  only  fovmd  in 
Brazil ;  of  the  genus  Liogastra  two  species  occur  in  Brazil,  and 
one  in  Mexico. 

The  genus  Melecta  is  also  restricted  in  distribution  ;  nine  species 
have  been  described  as  European,  one  is  Algerian,  and  two  have 
been  recorded  from  Chili. 

In  the  family  Scopulipedes,  all  of  which  are  true  working 
Bees,  we  find  the  genera  Eticera  and  Tetralonia,  very  closely  allied 
to  each  other,  consisting  of  upwards  of  one  hundred  and  twenty 
species.  The  present  known  range  of  the  former  genus  is  Europe, 
Egypt,  and  North  Africa ;  the  type  E.  longicornis  is  common  in 
Europe  and  Algeria.  The  genus  Tetralonia  does  not  occur  in  Eng- 
land ;  but  about  twenty  species  are  found  in  Europe  ;  it  is  also  found 
in  North  Africa,  in  India,  China,  and  Australia  ;  several  species 
are  found  in  Brazil  and  other  parts  of  South  America  ;  but  no 
species  has  yet  been  discovered  in  any  of  the  islands  of  the  East- 


116         MU.  F,  SMITH  ON  THE  GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION 

ern  Archipelago.  Melissodes,  another  genua  of  the  long-horned 
Bees,  is  strictly  American,  most  of  the  species  being  found  in  the 
South,  principally  in  Brazil.  Anthoplwra  is  a  very  extensive  genus, 
one  hundred  and  twenty-three  species  having  been  described.  The 
type,  A.  return,  is  found  in  all  parts  of  Europe,  from  Italy  to  Swe- 
den ;  A.  acervorum  is  equally  widely  distributed ;  A.furcata  is 
found  as  far  north  as  Lapland  ;  about  forty  species  are  inhabitants 
of  Europe  ;  about  thirty-seven  have  been  discovered  in  Egypt  and 
Algeria  ;  and  a  few  have  occurred  in  South  Africa :  three  species 
have  been  found  in  Australia ;  one  of  these,  A.  cingulata,  I  am 
strongly  inclined  to  believe,  is  only  a  variety  of  A.  zonata,  which  is 
common  to  China,  the  Philippines,  Ceylon,  India,  Java,  and 
throughout  the  Eastern  Archipelago ;  Mr.  Wallace  found  it  in 
almost  every  island  that  he  visited ;  he  also  discovered  three  beau- 
tiful new  species — one  in  Borneo,  one  in  Celebes,  and  one  in  Key 
Island. 

Xylocopa  is  a  genus  containing  a  large  number  of  species  very 
widely  distributed,  although  none  are  found  in  Great  Britain: 
X.  violacea  is  the  type  of  the  genus.  About  seven  species  are 
found  in  Europe,  about  thirty  in  Africa,  and  about  fourteen  in 
India.  X.  aestuans  is  widely  distributed,  being  found  in  China, 
India,  Celebes,  Aru,  Timor,  and  Australia.  Mr.  Wallace  added 
eight  new  species  to  the  list,  already  amounting  to  one  hundred 
and  one,  described  in  various  works.  Many  iine  species  are  found 
in  Brazil  and  other  parts  of  South  America ;  but  only  six  are 
recorded  from  North  America. 

We  have  now  to  direct  our  attention  to  the  division  of  the 
Social  Bees,  commencing  with  the  genus  Sombus, which,  comprises 
the  well-known  Humble-Bees.  These  insects  are  found  in  Europe 
and  America,  being  scattered  over  both  the  north  and  south  con- 
tinents of  the  latter.  About  eighty  species  are  known,  thirty-six 
being  indigenous  to  Europe,  eighteen  of  which  belong  to  the  fauna 
of  this  country ;  thirteen  species  are  known  from  China,  India, 
and  Java ;  but  Mr.  Wallace  did  not  find  one  in  the  Eastern  Archi- 
pelago ;  and  none  have  occurred  in  Australia  or  in  South  Africa. 
The  geographical  range  of  the  genus  is,  however,  very  great,  several 
species  being  found  in  Brazil ;  and  Boss,  the  arctic  navigator,  found 
two  species  in  Boothia  Eelix :  more  recently  Sir  John  Richardson 
brought  two  or  more  species  from  the  Great  Bear  Lake ;  one  of 
of  these  I  could  not  separate  from  the  B.  hortonim  of  this  country  ; 
the  latter  insect  therefore  ranges  from  the  Arctic  regions  to  Spain 
and  Italy.     Ten  of  the  British  species  are  also  found  in  Lapland  ; 


OF  ACULEATE  HYMENOPTEBA,  117 

one  has  also  been  described  from  Kamtscbatka ;  fourteen  species 
are  known  from  North  America,  and  eight  from  Brazil  and  South 
America. 

The  social  stingless  genera  of  honey-gathering  Bees,  Ilellpona 
and  Trigona,  are  at  present  known  as  being  principally  South 
American ;  about  sixty-seven  species  of  tliese  genera  are  recorded 
from  that  locality.  All  tlie  known  species  of  Ilelipona  are  South 
American.  Of  the  genus  Trigona  one  species  is  described  from 
Australia,  and  one  from  Ceylon. 

The  genus  Apis  includes  the  Honey-Bees  proper  :  the  number 
of  known  species  previous  to  Mr.  Wallace's  discoveries  was  about 
fifteen.  The  typical  species  has  been  conveyed  to  most  parts  of 
the  habitable  globe  ;  but,  judging  according  to  our  present  know- 
ledge of  the  range  of  species  in  a  state  of  nature,  their  distribution 
or  geographical  range  appears  to  be  limited.  Apis  mellijica,  of 
which  Apis  ligustica  would  appear  to  be  only  a  climatal  variety, 
does  not  appear  to  range  beyond  the  temperate  regions  of  Europe. 
Our  knowledge  of  the  exotic  species  is  too  limited  at  present  to 
enable  us  to  add  much  information  respecting  them. 

In  the  sketch  here  attempted,  it  will  be  observed  that  we  have 
confined  our  remarks  to  the  predominant  genera,  omitting  none 
that  appeared  important  as  bearing  upon  geographical  distribution ; 
we  wiU  now  proceed  to  offer  some  remarks  upon  the  various  spe- 
cies collected  by  Mr.  Wallace  in  the  Eastern  Archipelago. 

In  the  introductory  remarks,  it  will  be  observed  that  I  have,  in 
some  instances,  said  that  the  range  of  British  species  extends  to 
North  America — Vespa  rufa  and  V.  vulgaris  being  examples  of 
this  kind.  I  may  here  remark  that  such  determinations  have  not 
been  based  upon  colour  alone.  It  has  been  proved  long  ago  that 
the  males  of  Vespa  in  different  species  have  generative  organs  of 
totally  different  forms  ;  and  the  constancy  in  form  in  each  indi- 
vidual species  renders  such  forms  unerring  guides  in  their  deter- 
mination. I  have  had  recourse  to  this  test  in  the  cases  alluded  to 
above,  and  also  in  those  of  V.  crahro  of  this  country  and  V,  cra- 
hroniformis  from  China :  I  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  a  male  of 
V.  orientalis,  but  I  expect  it  will  prove  to  be  a  variety  of  V.  crabro. 

The  above  conclusions  lead  me,  in  the  next  place,  to  notice  a 
very  important  circumstance  to  be  regarded  in  the  study  of  the 
geographical  distribution  of  species — the  effect,  namely,  of  climate 
on  their  coloration.  I  have  previously  remarked  upon  the  rich- 
ness of  colouring  peculiar  to  Apis  ligustica,  or,  perhaps  more 
correctly,   to   the  form   of  A.  mellijica   so   termed,   and   which 


118         MR.  F.  SMITH  OK  THE  GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION 

colouring  is  soon  lost  when  the  two  forms  commingle,  which 
cannot  be  prevented  when  they  are  kept  in  close  proximity.  Now 
the  colouring  of  Vespa  rufa  is  the  reverse  of  this  :  the  more  sober- 
coloured  insect  is  the  British ;  examples  from  Nova  Scotia  are 
exceedingly  bright  in  colour,  much,  very  much  more  so  than  any 
found  in  Great  Britain ;  specimens  from  Sweden  are  intermediate 
in  colour.  If  I  am  right  in  considering  V.  orientalis  a  variety  of 
V.  crahro,  then  the  more  highly  coloured  form  is  Indian,  whereas 
in  Northern  China  the  species  again  exactly  resembles  the  British 
in  colouring. 

These  instances  apparently  prove  that  different  species  are 
affected  by  climatal  influences  in  opposite  ways :  it  cannot  be 
laid  down  as  a  rule  that  a  species  is  necessarily  of  a  more  sombre 
colour  in  colder  latitudes.  We  shall  have  some  further  obser- 
vations to  offer  on  this  subject  when  remarking  upon  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  different  species  of  Vespidge. 

In  a  collection  of  Hymenoptera  made  by  an  entomologist  so 
eminently  qualified  as  Mr.  Wallace,  the  Formicidse  (as  might  be 
expected)  constitute  a  very  important  portion,  the  number  of 
species  amounting  to  about  two  hundred  and  eighty.  Of  these, 
upwards  of  two  hundred  proved  new  to  science.  The  majority 
of  the  larger  species  were  previously  known.  Formica  gigas 
of  India  and  Malacca  was  found  by  Mr.  Wallace  in  Singapore 
and  Borneo.  F.  compressa,  known  as  Indian,  and  also  from  China 
and  the  Philippines,  is  now  known  to  inhabit  Borneo  ;  this  Ant, 
no  doubt,  will  be  found  throughout  the  Archipelago,  as  it  has 
occurred  in  Australia.  It  is  very  interesting  to  find  the  Euro- 
pean genus  (as  it  has  hitherto  been  regarded)  Tapinoma  occurring 
in  Celebes,  Malacca,  and  Bachian. 

The  genus  Polyrhachis  includes  all  those  species  that  closely 
resemble  Formica,  but  which  have  the  thorax  and  node  of  the 
peduncle  armed  with  spines  or  hooks  :  of  this  genus  fifty-eight 
were  described,  to  which  number  Mr.  Wallace  has  added  seventy- 
seven.  As  the  type  of  the  genus  I  regard  the  Formica  bihamata 
of  Drury  ;  it  was  known  as  an  inhabitant  of  India  and  Sumatra ; 
it  has  now  been  captured  in  Celebes,  Bachian,  Ceram,  and 
Waigiou.  Polyrhachis  sexspiiiosa  of  India  and  the  Philippines 
has  been  taken  in  the  Aru  Islands,  and  also  in  Waigiou.  Eight 
or  nine  species  are  known  from  Africa,  six  from  Australia,  and 
four  from  Brazil.  It  would  therefore  appear  that  the  metro- 
polis of  the  genus  lies  in  the  East.  The  species  of  this  genus 
construct  small  semicircular  nests  of  a  kind  of  network  on  the 


OF  ACULEATE  UTMENOPTEEA.  119 

leaves  of  trees  and  shrubs.  Their  communities  are  small,  seldom 
exceeding  twenty  individuals  ;  such  is  the  concurrent  testimony  of 
Mr.  Jerdou  and  Mr.  Wallace.  No  species  has  occurred  in  Europe. 
The  genus  CEcoiiliylla  consists  of  two  species,  one  Eastern,  tlie 
other  African.  CE.  smaragdina  is  generally  distributed  in  the  East ; 
it  builds  large  nests  on  trees,  uniting  together  a  number  of  leaves 
for  that  purpose  :  this  species  is  found  commonly  in  India,  China, 
the  Philippines,  and,  by  Mr.  Wallace,  in  Borneo  and  Celebes ;  it 
has  also  occurred  in  Sumatra  and  Java,  and  is  no  doubt  widely 
distributed ;  I  have  considerable  doubts  of  its  being  really  speci- 
fically distinct  from  the  African  species  CE.  virescens,  which  insect 
also  occurs  in  Australia. 

In  the  next  family,  the  Poneridje,  the  genus  Odontomachus, 
previous  to  Messrs.  Wallace  and  Bates  visiting  Brazil,  consisted 
of  four  known  species  from  Brazil,  one  from  Cuba,  and  one  from 
Ceylon ;  through  the  exertions  of  those  naturalists  it  now  num- 
bers twenty-two  species,  nine  having  been  discovered  in  the  East 
by  Mr.  Wallace.  These  insects  are  essentially  tropical ;  one 
species  only  has  occurred  in  Australia :  some  of  the  species  are 
widely  distributed ;  O.  simillimus  is  found  in  Ceylon,  Celebes, 
Aru,  Ceram,  and  Waigiou. 

The  genus  Ponera  is  almost  universally  distributed  ;  we  have 
one  British  species.  Twelve  species  were  known  from  the  East 
previous  to  Mr.  Wallace's  expedition  to  those  latitudes ;  to  that 
number  he  has  added  thirty.  Of  the  range  of  individual  species 
we  have  scarcely  any  data:  the  type,  P.  contracta,  is  found  in 
most  parts  of  Europe,  it  also  occurs  in  the  Island  of  Madeira  ;  one 
or  two  of  the  Boruean  species  also  occur  in  Celebes  and  Bachiau. 
Of  the  interesting  genus  Typhlopone  twelve  species  are  de- 
scribed, eight  being  found  in  South  America,  two  in  Africa,  and 
one  in  Ceylon,  and  Mr.  Wallace  has  added  a  fine  species  from 
Borneo.  It  has  been  suggested  that  these  insects,  all  that  are 
yet  discovered  being  workers,  are  sexes  of  the  genus  Lahidus ; 
should  this  prove  to  be  the  case,  probably  the  Eastern  species  of  Ty- 
phlopone  may  prove  to  be  sexes  of  the  genus  Enictus,  three  species 
of  which  have  occurred  in  India. 

Dorylus,  belonging  to  the  same  family  as  Lahidus,  although  so 
common  in  India,  does  not  appear  to  range  into  the  Archipelago ; 
at  least  no  specimen  was  found  by  Mr.  Wallace.  The  habits  of 
the  genus  being  nocturnal,  probably  accounts  for  the  fact  of  no 
one  having  discovered  either  the  female  or  worker  of  Dorylus. 
To  the  family  MYEMiciDiE  Mr.  Wallace's  additions  are  very 


120         MR.  F.  SMITH  ON  THE  GEOOEAPllICAL  DTSTRIBUTIO:!! 

important.  To  the  typical  genus  Myrmica  twenty-eight  species 
are  added :  the  cosmopolitan  species  M.  molesta  was  found  at 
Singapore  and  Celebes  ;  it  is  truly  a  domestic  species,  few  localities 
being  free  from  it ;  it  is  conveyed  in  merchandise  to  all  parts  of 
the  globe,  and,  apparently,  propagates  equally  well  in  all  latitudes. 

Several  new  genera  belonging  to  the  Myrmicidse  are  added. 
One  of  these,  Keptacondylus,  was  founded  upon  the  examination  of 
workers  which  are  remarkable  for  having  only  seven  joints  in  the 
antennae ;  subsequent  investigations  have  led  me  to  believe  these 
to  be  the  workers  of  the  genus  Myrmecaria  of  Saunders — a  female 
of  the  latter  genus  having  been  sent  with  workers  of  Keptacon- 
dylus ;  the  female  has  the  same  number  of  joints  in  the  antennae 
as  the  workers,  the  antennae  of  the  males  having  thirteen  joints. 
This  genus  is  found  at  Port  Natal,  in  Borneo,  and  Java. 

To  our  knowledge  of  the  geographical  distribution  of  the 
Cetptocebid^  much  information  has  been  added.  The  typical 
genus,  Cryptocerus,  is  peculiar  to  South  America, — Brazil  having 
furnished  the  majority  of  the  species.  Of  the  genus  Meranoplus 
eight  species  are  at  present  known :  three  are  from  Brazil,  one 
from  India,  and  four,  discovered  by  Mr.  "Wallace,  are  from  Ma- 
lacca, Borneo,  and  Aru :  this  genus  is  also  found  in  Australia. 
Of  the  genus  Cataulacus  nine  species  are  known — five  having 
been  discovered  by  Mr.  Wallace,  found  in  Malacca,  Borneo,  Key 
Island,  Waigiou,  and  Mysol. 

The  genus  EcJiinopla  is  placed  in  the  family  Cryptoceridae  in 
the  papers  descriptive  of  Mr.  Wallace's  insects  ;  but  it  belongs 
to  the  Formicidae  :  Avhen  first  received,  a  single  example  was  all 
the  material  for  examination ;  subsequently  others  have  been  ob- 
tained and  the  true  situation  of  the  insect  ascertained.  Seven 
species  have  been  discovei'ed  ;  they  are  from  Malacca,  Borneo, 
Celebes,  Singapore,  Aru,  and  Coram. 

The  MuTiLLiD^  are  of  universal  occurrence,  the  typical  genus 
Mutilla  as  at  present  constituted  being  perhaps  the  most  exten- 
sive in  the  order  Hymenoptera.  Thirty-six  new  species  have  been 
discovered  by  Mr.  Wallace.  Some  species  have  a  wide  geogra- 
phical range ;  M.  stcspiciosa  occurs  in  Borneo,  Celebes,  Bachian, 
Bouru,  and  Amboyna.  Several  of  the  known  Indian  species  were 
found  in  Celebes  and  Borneo. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  discoveries  made  by  Mr.  Wallace, 
with  respect  to  the  geographical  distribution  of  the  genera  of  Hyme- 
noptera, is  his  tracing  species  of  the  genus  Thynnus  to  the  islands 
Bachian,  Gilolo,  Ceram,  Waigiou,  and  Mysol,-^Gilolo  being  the 


OF  ACULEA.TE  nTMENOPTERA,  121 

most  nortliern  locality  known  for  this  genus  of  insects.  The  only 
species  hitherto  found  in  the  eastern  hemisphere  have  occurred  in 
Australia  and  Tasmania,  none  having  been  found  north  of  the  for- 
mer continent  previous  to  the  captures  made  by  Mr.  Wallace. 
Many  species  and  genera  are  found  in  similar  latitudes  in  Bi'azil. 

The  family  Scoliad^  is  one  of  great  extent,  and  of  wide  geogra- 
phical distribution,  some  species  being  found  in  all  the  quarters 
of  the  globe.  Not  a  single  species  is  found  in  England  ;  but  five  or 
six  occur  in  Europe.  Some  species  have  a  wide  distribution ;  Scolia 
erythrocephala  is  found  in  France,  Italy,  Spain,  Algeria,  and  Egypt. 
Thirty  new  species  were  discovered  in  the  Archipelago ;  one,  the 
S.  dimidiata,  is  found  in  India,  Celebes,  Bachian,  Gilolo,  Ceram, 
Bouru,  and  Amboyna.  The  distribution  of  other  species  is  equally 
extensive,  as  will  be  seen  on  a  reference  to  the  table. 

The  PoMPiLiDiE  is  a  very  extensive  family,  nearly  four  hundred 
species  having  been  described  ;  the  typical  genus  Pompilus  con- 
sists of  upwards  of  two  hundred  and  ninety  species,  fifty- six 
having  been  discovered  in  the  Eastern  Archipelago.  Some  species 
are  known  to  have  a  wide  distribution  :  P.  analis  of  Fabricius, 
originally  known  as  an  Indian  species,  has  been  found  in  Celebes, 
Bachian,  and  Java ;  Agenia  llanda  inhabits  Singapore,  Borneo, 
Celebes,  Key  Island,  and  Ceram  ;  Macromeris  violacea  is  perhaps 
the  most  generally  distributed  insect  belonging  to  the  family  ;  it 
is  found  in  India,  China,  Borneo,  Celebes,  Java,  Aru,  Ceram,  Bouru, 
and  New  Guinea. 

The  beautiful  genus  Ampulex  is  exclusively  tropical ;  it  is  found 
in  India,  Africa,  and  South  America.  The  type,  A.compressa,  occurs 
in  India,  China,  Java,  Celebes,  and  the  Mauritius  ;  four  new  spe- 
cies are  added  from  the  Archipelago,  the  genus  now  consisting  of 
fifteen  species. 

Much  information  respecting  the  distribution  of  the  Sphe- 
GIDJ3  will  be  found  by  reference  to  the  table.  Pelopoeus  spiri- 
fex,  a  species  common  to  Europe,  was  found  by  Mr.  "Wallace 
in  the  island  of  Timor.  Spliex  sericea  of  Fabricius  is  found  iu 
the  Philippines,  throughout  the  Archipelago  as  far  south  as  the 
island  of  Timor.  Extensive  as  this  distribution  certainly  is,  it  is 
not  comparable  to  that  of  SpJiex  argentata,  which  occurs  in  the 
south  of  Europe,  in  India,  Sumatra,  Java,  Celebes,  Aru,  Bachian, 
Dory,  and  Ceram  ;  in  Africa  it  has  been  found  at  Congo  and  Sierra 
Leone  ;  in  America,  at  St.  John's  Bluff,  East  Florida. 

The  genus  Larrada  is  widely  distributed  :  there  is  no  British 
species ;  but  four  or  five  occur  in  Europe,  about  thirty  have  been 


122         MR.  F.  SMITH  ON  THE  GEOGKAPHICAL  DISTBIBUTIOK 

found  in  the  East,  nearly  twenty  in  Africa,  the  rest  in  North 
and  South  America,  with  the  exception  of  two  or  three  from  Austra- 
lia. L.  aurulenta  is  one  of  the  most  widely  distributed  species  of 
the  genus,  it  is  found  in  China,  India,  throughout  the  Eastern 
Archipelago,  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  on  the  Gambia. 

The  genus  Pison  is  composed  of  species  that  do  not  appear  to 
be  abundant  in  any  locality,  though  they  occur  in  all  quarters  of 
the  globe.  About  twenty-four  species  are  described ;  four  are 
added  to  the  list  from  the  Archipelago  :  individual  species  do  not 
appear  to  be  widely  distributed. 

The  family  Crabeonid^  is  one  of  great  extent,  the  majority  of 
its  members  being  European.  Of  the  genus  Trypoxylon  about 
twenty-two  species  were  described  previous  to  Mr.  Wallace's  re- 
searches, two  only  being  known  from  India ;  nine  were  discovered 
in  the  Archipelago;  the  genus  also  occurs  in  Europe,  Africa, 
and  North  and  South  America. 

Of  the  extensive  genus  Crabro  the  majority  of  the  species  are 
found  in  Europe  and  North  America ;  two  are  now  recorded 
from  Borneo,  one  from  Celebes,  and  one  from  Aru ;  two  species 
only  were  previously  known  from  the  East. 

Of  the  geuus  Fsen  one  species  was  found  in  Celebes,  and  one 
in  Mysol.  The  genus  had  not  previously  been  recorded  from  the 
East ;  four  European  species  were  known,  and  one  Brazilian. 

To  the  genus  Cerceris  five  new  species  are  added  from  the  Ar- 
chipelago ;  thirty  are  found  in  Europe,  and  about  the  same  num- 
ber in  Africa  ;  sixteen  are  recorded  from  China,  India,  Sumatra, 
and  Java ;  and  three  or  four  are  known  from  Australia. 

Of  the  genus  Fhilanthus  four  species  are  kno\sTi  from  India 
and  Ceylon,  and  Mr.  "Wallace  discovered  one  in  Celebes.  Species 
belonging  to  this  genus  do  not  appear  to  be  very  numerous  in 
any  locality :  four  occur  in  Europe,  ten  are  known  from  Africa, 
seven  from  North  America,  and  about  the  same  number  from 
South  America. 

In  no  family  of  the  Aculeata  have  Mr  ..Wallace's  researches  added 
so  much  to  our  knowledge  of  geographical  distribution  as  in  that 
of  the  Vespidse.  To  the  rare  genus  Gayella,  belonging  to  the 
EuMENiD^s,  a  new  species  from  Borneo  is  added ;  the  two  pre- 
viously known  are  from  Chili. 

Of  the  genus  Eumenes  about  ninety  species  were  recorded, 
when  through  Mr.  Wallace's  researches  eighteen  new  ones  were 
discovered  in  the  Archipelago.  The  geographical  distribution  of 
some  species  is  very  extensive :   as  an  example  E.  arcuata  may 


OF  ACULEATE  HTMENOPTEEA.  123 

be  quoted ;   this  species  occurs  in  Northern  India,  in  Madras, 
Borneo,  Bachian,  Dory,  Mysol,  and  in  Australia. 

The  majority  of  the  species  belonging  to  the  genus  Ehyncliiuvi  are 
tropical.  The  R.  kcemorrhoidale,  first  recorded  as  an  Indian  species, 
has  occurred  in  Malacca,  Singapore,  Java,  throughout  the  Eastern 
Archipelago,  and  also  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope ;  an  examination 
of  examples  from  these  various  localities  shows  a  great  variation  in 
the  colour  of  the  insect  in  difierent  situations,  and  at  the  same 
time  how  constant  those  varieties  are  to  the  countries  in  which 
they  are  found  :  Indian  examples  are  black,  with  the  legs,  antennae 
and  tip  of  the  abdomen  red  ;  in  Gilolo  not  only  are  the  same  parts 
red,  but  the  head  and  prothorax  are  of  the  same  colour ;  specimens 
from  Bachian  have  scarcely  any  trace  of  red,  some  being  almost 
or  entirely  black  :  the  most  highly  coloured  examples  are  found  at 
Amboyna  and  Ternate ;  these  have  the  head,  entire  thorax,  the  tip 
of  the  abdomen,  and  the  margins  of  all  the  segments  red.  Nume- 
rous instances  might  be  adduced  in  order  to  show  that,  amongst 
the  Vespidse,  bright  or  sombre  colouring  is  not  to  be  regarded  as 
a  character  of  much  value  when  we  endeavour  to  ascertain  the 
limit  of  a  species ;  form  and  sculpture  alone  can  be  relied  upon  for 
that  purpose. 

The  genus  Odynerus  is  of  universal  distribution.  In  Arctic 
America,  in  Europe,  throughout  both  North  and  South  America, 
in  Asia,  in  Africa,  and  in  Australia  these  solitary  wasps  are  abun- 
dant. Nineteen  new  species  will  be  found  in  the  tabular  list  of 
species  from  the  Eastern  Archipelago. 

Amongst  the  Vespidae,  the  species  of  the  genus  Ischnogaster  have 
hitherto  been  of  very  rare  occurrence  ;  our  list  will  show  that 
seven  new  species  have  been  discovered, — only  four  having  been 
previously  known — two  from  Java,  one  from  New  Guinea,  and  one 
from  Cayenne.  Previous  to  Mr.  Wallace's  captures,  not  a  single 
example  existed  in  any  collection  in  this  country.  The  metropolis 
of  the  genus  would  appear  to  be  the  islands  of  the  Eastern  Ar- 
chipelago. 

To  the  erratic  genus  Vespa  no  great  addition  of  species  could 
well  be  expected  :  four  new  ones  will  be  found  in  the  table ;  these 
added  to  the  previously  recorded  species  from  the  East  make  the 
number  twenty-two  from  that  quarter.  The  genus  becomes  rare 
as  we  approach  the  equator  from  the  north  ;  the  island  of  Java  is, 
apparently,  its  limit  south  of  the  line.  The  genus  has  not  been 
found  in  New  Guinea  or  Australia,  neither  has  it  occurred  in 


124         MR.  F.  SMITH  ON  THE  GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION 

South  Africa,  and  I  believe  no  one  has  recorded  the  capture  of  a 
species  south  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama. 

To  our  knowledge  of  the  geographical  distribution  of  the  tribe 
Anthophila,  which  contains  the  various  families  and  genera  of 
bees,  much  has  accrued  through  the  exertions  of  Mr.  Wallace. 
Of  the  genus  Frosopis  only  a  single  species  was  known  from  the 
East ;  our  table  will  show  that  two  have  been  discovered  in  Mysol, 
one  in  Key  Island,  and  one  in  Dory. 

The  genus  Sphecodes  is  very  rare  in  India  and  the  adjacent 
islands  ;  one  species  was  discovered  in  Celebes. 

Of  the  genus  Nomia  seventeen  species  are  recorded  in  tlie  tabu- 
lar list,  not  a  single  example  having  been  previously  discovered  in 
Malacca,  Singapore,  Celebes,  Aru,  Grilolo,  or  Mysol. 

Nomada  is  a  genus  of  very  rare  occurrence  within  the  tropics ; 
one  species  was,  however,  found  in  Ceram,  and  one  in  Timor.  Pour 
new  species  of  Honey-Bees  were  discovered — two  in  Borneo  and 
two  in  Celebes. 

Of  the  genus  Trigona,  which  is  composed  of  the  stingless  species 
of  Honey-Bees,  two  only  were  previously  described  from  the  East ; 
nine  new  ones  are  now  added  to  that  number  from  the  Eastern 
Archipelago. 

The  Tenthredinid^  are  apparently  rare  insects  within  the  tro- 
pics. One  or  two  interesting  discoveries  of  genera  may  be  noticed, 
namely  a  species  of  Oryssus  from  Aru,  a  XipTiydria  from  Aru,  and 
a  second  species  from  Amboyna ;  it  is  also  very  interesting  to  find 
that  the  genus  Tremex  inhabits  the  same  regions — a  fine  new 
species  having  been  discovered  in  Borneo,  and  another  in  Aru. 

The  following  Table  exhibits  the  known  Species  of  Aculeate 
Hymenoptera  inhabiting  the  Eastern  Archipelago,  and  their  geo- 
grapliical  distribution : — 


OF  EASTERN-AEOUTPELAGO  ACULEATE  IITMEKOPTERA. 


125 


ariruca 
gigas  . .  . 
compressa 
stricta  . .  . 
festina  . .  . 
mistura  . 
pilosa  . .  . 
ruficeps 
badia  . .  . 
diligens  . 
irritans . .  . 
fervens . .  . 
gracilipes . 
irritabilis  . 
sedula  . . . 


exasperata  . . 
tenuipes  . .  . . 
camelina  . .  . . 

pallida 

fragilis 

fulvitarsis. . . . 

coxalis 

cordata 

oculata 

mutilata  . .  . . 
quadriceps  . . 
laevissima. .  . . 

nitida    

scrutator  . . . . 
angulata  . . . . 
familiaris  . .  . . 

subtilis 

vitrea    

cruda    

lactaria  . .  . . 
incursor  . .  . . 
rufifrons    . .  . . 

pavida 

familiaris  . .  . . 
Dorycus    . . . . 

desecta 

consanguitiea 
circumspecta 
leucophaea    . . 

tropica 

virulens    . . . . 
longiceps  . .  . . 
Tapinoma 
glabrata    . .  . . 
thoracica  . .  . . 

nitida    

pratensis  . .  . . 

gibba    

albipes 


5.  rt 


OH 


3 
O 


O 


« 


X 


CO 
be 
a 

-a 


W 


O 


W 


LINN.  PKOC. 


-ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  VII. 


10 


126 


ME.  F.  SMITH  OX  THE  GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION 


Polyrhachis 
bihamatus     . .  . 

relucens    

carinatus 

defensus    

constructor  . . . 

ruficornis 

carbonarius  . .  . 

textor    

chalybens 

nitidus 

villipes 

modestus  .... 

Paiidarus 

Hector 

laevigatus 

cuspidatus  . .  . 
flavicornis     . .  . 

equinus     

Dives    

\index 

sericatus   

sexspinosus  . . . 
marginatus   . .  . 

hostilis 

longipes    

serratns     

scutulatus  . .  . 
mucronatus  . . . 
geometricus  . .  . 

irritabilis 

laevissimus    . .  . 

bellicosus 

Hector 

rufofemoratus  . 
phyllopbilus. .  . 
compressicornis 

rugifrons 

sculpturatus . .  . 

nudatus     

peregrinus     . .  . 

vestitus     

ssevissimiis    . .  . 

Charaxus 

Busiris 

Acantha    

Merops 

Ithouus     

Eudora , 

Metella , 

Atropos     

Acasta 

Alphenus  

Labella 


C0 

a.  o 
a.  u 

—  'i? 

C3 


iJ 


i<i 


to 

el 

■n 


a. 
o 

3 


■c 


OF  EASTERN-AUCHIPELAGO  ACULEATE  HYMENOPTERA. 


127 


olyrhachis 

fervens 

hastatus    . .  . 

bicolor 

Orsyllus    . .  . 

Mutilla 

Oleuus 

I  Democles  . .  . 
i  Valerus     . .  . 

trispinosus  . 
I  Diaphantus  . 

Amanus     . .  . 

coleomanes  . 

exasperatus  . 

Vibidia  

Chaonia    . .  . 

Numeria  . .  . 

hippomanes  . 

Lycidas     . .  . 

Zopyrus    . .  . 

Eurytus    . .  . 

Doloraedes  . 

Trophimus    . 

Alpheus    . .  . 

Bubastes  . .  . 

Paromalus    . 

Xiphias 

Euryalus  . . . 

Derecynus    . 

Sparaxes   . .  . 

nigriceps  . .  . 

Paxillus  . .  . 
Ichinopla 

melanarctos . 

pallipes 

striata 

dubitata    . . . 

riitida    

praetexta  . .  . 

deceptor  . .  . 
Ecophylla 

smaragdina  . 
)dontomachus 

rixosus 

rugosus 

siraillimus     . 

tyrannicus    . 

saevissimus    . 

maliguus  . .  . 

gladiator  . .  . 

aniraosus  . .  . 

nigriceps  . .  . 

cephalotes    . 

aciculatus . .  . 


u  !<: 


* 
* 

* 

* 

» 
» 


o 
:i 
Oi 


10* 


128 


MK,  F.  SMITH  ON  THE  GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTEIBUTION 


Ponera 

versicolor .... 

rubra     

apicalis 

iridescens. .  . . 

rugosa 

rufipes 

intricata    . .  . . 

geometrica    . . 

transversa     . . 

vidua     

diminuta  . .  . . 

pompiloides  . . 

laeviceps    . .  . . 

sculpturata  . . 

parallela   . .  . . 

quadridentata 

truncata    . .  . . 

unicolor    . .  . . 

pallidicornis. . 

pallidipennis 

solitaria     . .  . . 

maligna     . .  . . 

vagans  

nitida    

striata   

niutabilis  . .  . . 

siraillima 

cuprea 

purpurea  . .  . . 

tortuolosa  . . 
Ectatonima 

rugosa 

Amblyopone 

castanea  . . . . 
Typhlopoue 

laevigata  . .  . . 
Myrmica 

longijjes    . .  . . 

pellucida  . .  . . 

vastator    . .  . . 

agilis     

parallela    . .  . . 

scabrosa    . .  . . 

thoracica  . .  . . 

suspiciosa. .  . . 

mellea 

carinata    . . . . 

molesta     . .  . . 

gracilescens  . . 

oblonga     . .  . . 

poneroides    . . 

punctata   . .  . . 

modesta    . .  . . 


.E 


-a 


o 

es 

-      C 

23  M 


s 
H 


3 
O 

'So 


o 


— 


es 

X: 


« 
o 

(A 

ei 

CS 

-s 


S 
< 


o 

u 


* 


* 


* 
# 

* 
* 
# 


* 


I 


OF  EASTEEN-ARClIlrELAOO  ACULEATE  UYMENOPTEEA. 


120 


Myrinica 

laevissima  . . . 

polita    

caeca 

pedestris  . .  . 

ruficeps     . . . 

fuscipennis    . 

pertiiiax    . .  . 

Tcxator 

insolens     . .  . 

opaca    

incerta 

mcesta 

umbripennis. 
Heptacondylus 

arachnoides  . 

subcarinatus 

cariiiatus  . .  . 

rugosus     . . . 
Cerapachys 

antennatus    . 

oculatus    . . . 
Crematogaster 

anthracinus  . 

brunneus  . . . 

cepbalotes     . 

obscurus  . . . 

inflatus  

difformis  . . . 

elegans 

insularis    . .  . 

laevissimus    . 

laboriosus     . 

bicolor 

irritabilis  . .  . 

ampullaris    . 
Pseudomyrma 

nitida    

laiviceps    . .  . 

modesta    . .  . 

carbonaria 
Podomyrma 

femorata  . . , 

laevissima  . . 

nitida    .... 

striata  .... 

ruficeps 

Isevifrons  . . 

silvicola    . . 

basalis  .... 
Mesoxena 

mistura .... 
Atta 

penetrans . . 


&H      S 


c 
Q  S 


S3 


o 


3 


130 


MK.  F.  SMITH  ON  THE  GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION 


Atta 

cingulata  . .  . 
Physatta 

dromedarius. 
Typhlatta 

laeviceps  . .  . 
Solenopsis 

cephalotes     . 

transversalis . 

laboriosa  . .  . 

pungens    . . . 

calida    

Pheidole 

militaiis    . .  . 

notabilis    . .  . 


pungens 
rubra     . , 


megacephala 

plagiaria   . .  . 

singularis  . .  . 

pabulator  . .  . 

mordax 

penetralis . .  . 
Cataulacus 

insularis    . .  . 

horridus    . .  . 

reticulatus    . 

setosus  

flagitiosus. . . 
Meranoplus 

castaneus  ... 

cordatus    ... 

mucronatus  . . 

spinosus    . .  . , 
Mutilla 

blanda 

repraesentans 

Deidamia  . .  . . 

Urauia 

siispiciosa . .  . . 

gracillima. .  . . 

familiaris  . .  . . 

Calliope    . . . . 

Proserpina    . . 

Pandora    . . . . 

Sibylla 

Cassiope   . .  . . 

Dardanus . .  . . 

unimaculata. . 

unifasciata    . . 

rufogastra     . . 

volatilis     . .  . . 

manifesta  . .  . . 

carinata    . .  . . 


-a 


a 
fcc 


c 
o 

s 


i 


OF  EASTEBN-ARCniPELAGO  ACULEATE  HTMENOPTERA. 


131 


Mutilla 

nigra     

exilis     

maura  

facilis    

thoracica  . .  . . 

neglecta    . .  . . 

fervida 

Merops 

sexmaculata . , 

lanthea     . . . . 

Anthylla  . . . . 

Zebina 

Pentheus  . .  . . 

Doricha    . .  . . 

mirabile    . .  . . 

Damia 

Thera    

Fausta 

Myrmosida 

paradoxa  . .  . . 
Methoca 

gracilis , 

insularis    . .  . . 

thoracica  . .  . , 
Scleroderma 

bicolor 

modesta    . . . , 
Thynnus 

atratus 

vagans  

lugubris    . .  . 

insularis    . . . 

placidus    . . . 

pullatus     . .  . 

erraticus   . .  . 
jElurus 

comatus    . .  . 
Tipbia 

fumipennis    . 

stigma 

flavipennis    . 

carbonaria    . 

intrudens  . .  . 
Scolia 

erratica 

aureicoUis     . 

grossa   

Iris    

patricialis . .  . 

rubiginosa    . 

cincta   

procera 

opalina 


-a 


o 
B 
H 


bt) 


0) 

P. 
o 

3 


132 


MB.  F.  SMITH  ON  THE  GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION 


Scolia 


speciosa  . , 
aurulenta  . . 
dimidiata  . . 
terminata . . 

agilis , 

fulvipennis 
Alecto   . .  . , 


minuta 

nitida    

fulgidipennis 
insularis  . .  . 
quadriceps  . 
nigeriima  . .  . 
culta 


morosa 

ducalis 

captiva 

ambigua    

annulata   

morata 

apicala 

intrudens 

fulva 

dubia     

larradiformis  . 
Myzine 

tricolor 

tenuicornis  . . . 
Pompilus 

leucopbseus  . .  . 

vagabundus  . .  . 

pulverosus    . .  . 

analis     

saltitans    

contortus 

pilifrons    

deceptor    

diibius  

conformis 

limbatus    

nigro-caeruleus. 

incertus     

Peleterii    

deprfcdator  . .  . 

fulgidipennis     . 

opulentus 

praedator 

rufifrons    

bicolor 

jucundus  

vigilans 

Prioenemis 

sericosoma    * 


33 
Z 


a, 
o 


W 


OE  ACULEATE  IIYMENOPTERA. 


133 


'nocnemis 
optimus  . .  . 
verticalis  . .  . 
rufifrons  . .  . 
pulcherrimus 
fervidus  . .  . 
flavipennis  . 
confector  . .  . 
adustus 


Lgenia 

blanda 

Atalanta   . .  . 

jEgina 

Daphne     . .  . 

Laverna    . .  . 

Melampus     . 

flavopicta  . . . 

Hippolite  . .  . 

Celaeno 

biraaculata    . 

Callisto 

juciinda    . .  . 

Altliea 

Alcyone    . .  . 

Amaltliea . .  . 

Lucilla 

honesta     . .  . 

assimilis    . .  . 

nitidiventris . 

agitata 

gracilipes  . .  . 

ingeniia     . .  . 

facilis    

nasuta 

jucunda     . .  , 

Eudora 

Numeria   . .  . 

Metella 

Vesta    

clavata 

lacromeris 

violacea     . .  . 

argeiitifrons . 

iridipennis 
l>alius 

malignus  . . 
Hygniniia 

flava 

anthracina 

ducalis  .... 

princeps    . . 

iridipennis 

fumipennis 

Aspasia     . . 


2    « 

O     cd 

'Sc  IS 


n! 


§,0 


O 


c 
o 


o 


Z 


o 


a 


# 


«• 


LINN.  PROC. 


-ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  Til. 


11 


134 


ME,  F.  SMITH  ON  THE  GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION 


Mygnimia 

ichneumonifoniiis 

ferruginea     . .  . 

Lacaena     

Tliione 

fervida 

cogiiata     

intrepida 

opulenta   

exasperata  . .  . 
Ampulex 

hospes 

compressa    . .  . 

smaragdina  . .  . 

insularis    

regalis 

Trirogma 

caerulea     

prismatica  . .  . 
Dolichurus 

abdominalis  . .  . 
Ammophila 

insolata     

Pelopoeus 

beiiigiius 

Javanus    

fervens  

M  adraspatanus 

Bengalensis  . .  . 

intrudens 

flavofasciatus    . 

laetus     

laboriosus 


spirifex . 


muranus  . .  . 
fabricator. .  . 
unifasciatus  . 
Sphex 

sericea 

nigripes  . .  . 
diabolicus  . 
praedator  . .  . 
insolata  . .  . 
argentata  . .  . 
aurifrons  . .  . 
nitidiventris. 
sepicola  . .  . 
gratiosa  . .  . 
formosa  . .  . 
tyrannica  . .  . 
jaculator  . .  . 

morosa 

volatilis  . .  . 
ferox     


J3  lj2    " 
a.  S  M 


1^     d 


tc 


pn  'Q 


a)    oi 


-2 

i  I 


* 


, 

V) 

<u 

TS 

c 

tH 

ee 

01 

-Lh 

<I> 
-    n. 

■s  ^ 


k 


OF  ACULEATE 

HTMENOPTERA. 

135 

c 

.2 

CO 

a, 

i 

d 

V 

o 
33 

CD 

o 
c 
ca 
fcc 

* 
* 

* 
* 

* 
it 

6 

O 

O 
* 

1 

e5 

•*^ 
ca 

£ 

3 
CO 

> 

3 
O 

So 
'5 

* 

c 
.2 
IS 
o 
ca 

* 

o 
Q 

XI 
a 

"3 

U 

* 

* 

* 
* 

* 

* 

* 
* 

* 

U 

* 
* 

2 

o 

£ 
< 

3 

u 

5 

* 

* 

* 

* 
* 

o 

si 

.2 

"5 
is 

3 

CO 

0) 

g 

CO 

-a 
ce 

ca 

* 

1) 

Larrada 

* 

* 
* 

Svcorax    

polita    

Tisipbone 

Alecto 

carbonaria    .... 

auruleiita 

niodesta    

vindex 

tarsata  

/Edilis 

aurifrons 

personata 

rufipes 

feslinans   

cbrysobapta .... 

funerea 

ducalis 

sabulosa    

Tacbytes 

iiitidulus 

# 

* 
* 

* 

' 

* 
* 

morosus    

argentatus    .... 

aurifex 

sedulus 

Morphota 

formosa    

Pison 

suspiciosus   .... 

obliteratus    .... 

nitidus 

pallidipalpis .... 
Larra 

orismatica      .  . . 

•• 

* 

simillima 

modesta    

Bembe.x 

melancholica    . . 
treoanda 

* 

* 

Trypoxylon 

bicolor 

petiolatum    .... 
coloratum     .... 

eximium   

elegantulum .... 

ferox     

gracilescens  .... 

providum 

placidum 

gracillimum  .... 
Crabro 

familiaris 

ruffosus     

ir 


136 


MR.  F.  SMITH  OX  THE  GEOGEAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION 


Craljro 

agilis     

solitarius 

Oxybelus 

agilis     

Arpactophilus 

bicolor 

Psen 

erraticus 

petiolatus 

Gorytes 

constrictus    . .  . 

vagus    

basalis 

Mellinus 

crabroniformis . 
Cerceris 

instabilis 

unifasciata    . .  . 

fuliginosa 

varipes 

sepulcralis    . .  . 

praedator 

imraolator  . .  . 
Philanthus 

notatiilus 

Gayella 

pulchella 

Zethus 

cyanopterus . .  . 
Eumenes 

arcuatus   

flavopictus    . .  . 

Blanchardi   . .  . 

quadrispinosus. 

xanthiirus     . .  . 

hsemoriboidalis 

quadratus 

inconspicuus     . 

singnlaris 

circinalis 

fulvipennis    . .  . 

viiidex 

architectus   . .  . 

floralis 


esunens  . 
pictifrons . 
artifex  . .  . 
laboriosus 
tricolor . .  . 
Prasliiia  . 
eximius 
agilis 
blandus     . 


■a 


CS 

eg 


W 


OF  ACULEATE  UYMENOPTERA. 


137 


c 
.E 

.5 
c 

cn 

lU 

c 
'S. 

o 
13 

d 

c 
o 

o 

a 
bl. 

C 

d 

6 

6 

c 

C4 

s 

> 

3 
O 

'a 

ca 

c 

a 

• 

o 

eft 

>, 

cn 

0! 

'v 

• 

E 

C8 

o; 
O 

cs 
>. 

c 
2 

_d 

3 

3 
O 

3 
< 

* 

* 
* 

-;e 
* 

* 
* 

c 
£ 

ca 

ca 

'5 

.2  1 
(ft 

3 

* 
* 

• 

Z 

ca 
ca 

o 

* 

a. 
£ 

3 

lumenes 
politus 

* 
* 

* 

* 
* 

* 

* 
* 

* 

* 

* 

* 
* 

if 

* 
* 

* 

* 

* 

Urvillei     

niedianus 

conformis 

volatilis     

pullatus    

perplexus 

diligens     

achymenes 

viridis    

elegans 

•• 

•• 

•• 

lontezumia 
Indica 

* 
* 

•• 

« 

-if 

* 
* 

* 
* 

* 

Ihyuchiuni 
haemorrlioidale 
sanguuieum .... 
metallicuni  .... 

,  , 

nitidulum 

obscurum 

arerentatuni  .... 

* 

* 

atrum    

parentissimum.. 

mirabile    

superbum 

iridipenne     .... 
rubropictum     . . 
)dynerus 
flavolineatus    . . 
manifestus    .... 
septemfasciatus 
maculipennis    . . 
mullipictus  .... 
latipennis      .... 

ovalis    

clavicornis    .... 

insularis    

fulvipennis    .... 

petiolatus 

agilis     

* 

modestus 

ignobilis    

facilis    

circumspectus  . . 

petulans    

maculii)ennis    . . 

fallax    

conspicuus    . .  . . 

sobrinus    

laboriosus     . .  . . 
Uastor 
unifasciatus  . .  . . 
apicatus    

■• 

•• 

* 

138 

MR. 

r. 

SMITU 

ON  THE 

QEOGEAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTIOK 

o 

.5 

CO 

0) 

c 

o 
o 

* 
* 

d 

0) 

c 

* 
* 
* 

* 
* 

* 

o 

be 

* 

o 

* 
* 

6 

cd 
H 

g 

cs 
S 

* 
* 

CS 

> 

CB 

— s 

* 
* 

* 

* 
* 

# 
* 

3 
O 

'5 
# 

* 

•  • 
* 

* 
* 

* 
* 

# 
» 

"o 

en 

* 

* 

* 
* 

* 
* 
» 

J) 

"a) 
O 

* 
* 

* 

* 

* 

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

* 
* 

* 
* 

* 

* 

eS 

a 
£ 

a 
< 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

_d 

ca 
nj 

3 

3 
C 

.  » 

* 

* 

3 

< 

* 

* 
* 

* 

* 
* 

C 
o 

B 
* 

CA 

'5 
* 

.2 
g 

C« 
3 

CA 

"2 
<u 

Z 

c« 
« 

CA 

ca 
to 

CB 

ca 
o 

* 

g 

5^    - 

—    \ 

Alastor 

coguatus 

Ischnogaster 

pilinpniiis 

Mellyi 

niif anc                        .  . 

* 

iridipennis    .... 

pictus    

agilis     

aurifrons  ...... 

unicolor    

Icaria 

;.' 

c»^pr»insn. 

* 
* 

■ff- 

liiTiiViris 

pilosa    

maculiventris   . . 

fasciata 

gracilis 

unicolor    

nigra     

conservator  .... 
impetuosa     .... 

morosa 

irritator    

tonida 

deceptor   

Polistes 

Sagittarius    .... 

Picteti 

fastidiosus     .... 
stiD^ma             .... 

* 

* 
* 

•  • 

* 

•  • 

* 

Philippiuensis  . . 

tepidus 

diabolicus     .... 

nigrifrons 

elegans 

colonicus 

simulatus 

inultipictus  .... 

Smithii 

Vespa 

artinis    

cincta    

fvrjin!iipfi        .... 

* 

* 

* 

* 

Viplliposn      

* 

fervida 

Philippiuensis  . . 
Alduini     

« 

OF  ACULEATE  IIYMENOPTERA. 


139 


espa 

uiiicolor    ... 
'olybia 

Suniatrensis. , 

stigma 

luctuosa    ... 

decorata    ... 

artifex 

mathematica 

limatula    . .  . , 
'rosopis 

eximius     . .  . , 

malacLisis     . . 

apicatus    ... 

lusorius     ... 

imperialis ... 
sphecodes 

insiilaris    . .  . . 
.lalictus 


ceratinus 


vagans  

basalis 

fraternus  . .  . 
!>fomia 

apicalis 

iridescens . .  . 

elegans 

punctata   . .  . 

flavipes 

formosa     . .  . 

halictoides    . 

concinna  . .  . 

cincta    

longicornis    . 

dentata 

clavata 

modesta    . .  . 

bidentata  . .  . 

florea    

metal] ica  . .  . 

similata  . .  . 
Ctenoplectra 

chalyhea  . .  . 
Megachile 

atrata    

ornata 

umbripennis 

aniputata  . .  . 

tuberculata  . 

architecta. .  . 

luct'.iosa    . .  . 

rotundiceps  . 

incisa    

fulvifrons  . .  . 


_    o 


.  * 


o 
35 


ca  : 
■5 


X 


a 


W 


140 


MR,  F.  SMITH  ON  THE  GEOQBAPHICAL  DISTBIBUTIOK 


'a. 


J5 


o 


S 

a 
c 


[3 

o 


3 


QS 


o 

J3 


o 

53 


o 


'C 

z 


fcC) 


S 


31 


Megachile 

termiiialis 

lateritia     .... 

scabrosa    .... 

insularis    .... 

Pluto    

Lachesis   .... 

Clotho 

Alecto 

foliata  

ventralis   .... 

aterriiiia    .... 

placida 

laboriosa  .... 

funeraria  .... 
Nomada 

insularis    .... 

coiispiciia .... 
Crocisa 

nitidula     .... 

eniarginata   . . 
Ccelioxys 

intrudens .... 

fulvifrons  .... 
Stelis 

abdorainalis . . 
Ceratina 

hieroglypbica   . . 

flavopicta .... 

viridis   

pictifrons .... 
Allodape 

nitida    

Xylocopa 

lalipes , 

collaris , 

sestuans    

verticalis  ..... 

caerulea     

Dejeanii   

dissiinilis 

insularis    

fenestrata 

nobilis , 

coronata   

unicolor    

volatilis     

diversipes 

perforator     . .  . 

provida 

Saropoda 

bombifoi-mis 
Anthopbora 

zonata 


* 


* 


* 


-»    . 


* 


* 


* 


* 
* 


* 


*  1  * 


*    * 


*   * 


i 


or  ACULEATE  IITMENOPTEEA. 


141 


Anthophora 

iiisularis    . .  . . 

vigilans     . . . . 

elegans 

Apis 

zonata 

nigrociucta  . . 

socialis 

dorsata 

Indica 

Perrottetii    . . 

andreniformis 

testacea    .... 
Trigona 

ventralis   .... 

atripes 

thoracica  .... 

nitidiventris . . 

laeviceps    .... 

apicalis 

canifrons  .... 

collina 

fimbriata  .... 
Trigonalys 

pictifrons .... 
Evania 

striata 

laevigata   .... 
Foenus 

gracilis 

Foenatopus 

ruficeps     .... 
Megischus 

Indicus     .... 

insularis   .... 

ducalis 

coronator. . . . 

viduus 

tarsalis 

spoliator  .... 

insidiator .... 
Stenophasmus 

ruficeps     .... 
Ichneumon 

penetrans .... 

commissator 

insularis   .... 

pracdatorius . . 

ephippiura    . . 

pallidipectus 
Cryptus 

croceipes  .... 

elegans 

lepidus 


o 

D. 
to 

M  b 


*-  i  s? 


Q  < 


i4 


o 
S 


'H 
X 


o 

bD 

a 

T3  ■ 


a. 
o 


W 


LINN,  PROC. ZOOLOaY,  VOL.  VII. 


12 


142 


ME.  F.  SMITH  ON  THE  GEOGEAPHICAL  DTSTEIBUTIOK 


Cryptus 

scutellatus    . . 

opacus  

spoliator  .... 
albopictus  . . 
variegatus  . . 
petiolatus .... 
sicarius  .... 
ferrugineus  . . 
volatilis  .... 
tarsatus  .... 
Trogus 

brunneipennis 
Mesostenus 
all)Q-spinosus 

pictus    

agUis     

albopictus  . . 
insidiator .... 
molestus  .... 
decorus  .... 
multipictus  . . 
pulcherrimus 
Tryphon 

lutorius     .... 
Ischnocerus 

maculipennis 
Metopius 

crassipes  .... 
Pimpla 

punctata  .... 
trimaculata  . . 
ochracea  ... 
braconoides  . . 
penetrans. . . . 
ferruginea  . . 
plagiata  .... 
infirma 

unicolor  . .  . . 
insolens    . .  . . 

modesta   . . . . 

viridipennis  . . 

formosa    . .  . . 

flaviceps   . . . . 

integrata  . . . . 

placida 

arrogans   . .  . . 

apicalis 

insidiator  . .  . . 

destructor     . . 

incisa    

inimica 

caudata    . .  . . 


>. 


X 
a) 


u 

CA 

a 
bo 
cii 

CS 


o 

s 


OF  ACULEATE  HTMENOPTERA. 


143 


Megaproctus 
ruficeps     . . . , 

Rhyssa 

mirabilis  . . . . 
raaculipennis 
fasciata     . . . , 


vestigator 
nobilitator 


viator   

Macrogaster 

flavopictus  . . 
Glypta 

maculipennis 

iriflipennis    . . 

fracticornis  . . 
Ophion 

iridipennis    . . 

vestigator     . . 

vittator     . .  . . 

unicolor    . . . . 

insinuator  . . 
Anomalon 

falcator  . . . . 
Xylonomus 

flavifrons  . .  . . 

fulgidipennis 

fracticornis  . . 
Epixorides 

chalybeator  . . 
Bracon 

aculeator  . .  . . 

quadriceps    . . 

suspiciosus    . . 

insignis     . .  . . 

cephalotes    . . 

perplexus . .  . . 

vagatus     . .  . . 

inquietus  . .  . . 

rugifrons  . .  . . 

floralis 

vultuosus  . . . . 

foveatus    . .  . . 

laboriosus     . . 


crassipes  ....... 

insinuator     . .  . . 

intrudens 

basalis 

albo-marginatus 
nigripennis  . .  . . 

exoletus    

abdominalis  . .  . . 

nitidus 

pallifrons 

deceptor  


(73    O 


a 

a 

o 


s 
o 


« 


X 


63 
U 

aj 

a 
-a 
a 


o 


W 


* 

■Sf 


12* 


144 


MB.  F.  SMITH  ON  ACULEATE  HTMENOPTEEA. 


a 


a. 


C8 


u 
o 
c 
« 
bo 
c 


o 

5 


s 
o 

"5 


u 

o 

Q 


E 


o 


'3 


o 

be 

« 


o. 
o 
I- 


Bracon 

bellicosus. . . . 

combustus    . . 

tricolor 

jaculator  .... 

quadriceps    . . 

ingens 

penetrans .... 

penetrator    . . 

occultator    . . 
Agathis 

flavipennis    . . 

sculpturalis  . . 

raodesta    .... 

nitida    

fumipennis  . . 

penetrans .... 

rngifrons  .... 

atrocephalus 

striata       .... 

deceptor  .... 

flavipennis    . . 
Cenoccelius 

cephalotes    . . 

insidiator .... 
Microdus 

apicalis 

Epyris 

erraticus  .... 
Stilbum 

splendidum  . . 

amethystinum 
Epistenia 

imperialis. .  . . 
Chrysis 

malachita .... 

vestigator .... 

purpurea  .... 

insularis    .... 

sumptuosa    . , 

apricans   . . . . 

obscura     . .  . . 

fumipennis  . . 

seducta 

Holopyga 

purpurea  . .  . . 
Hedychrnm 

flammulatum 

orientale  . .  . . 
Cryptocampus 

nigripes    .  -  . . 
Selandria 

doryca  ...... 


* 


* 
* 

* 
* 


DR.  W.  C.  M'INTOSH  on  THE  FOOD  OF  THE  SALMOJf. 


145 


IS 
o 

.2 

■5 

c 

CO 

V 

a 
'B. 

IS 

CL, 

d 

s 

o 

m 

a5 

o 

o. 

CS 

bO 
s 

d 

a 

2 

a 

3 

ca 

t-3 

i 

So 

■3 

2 

0 
ca 

0 

GO 

v 
0 

s 

cs 
0 

ca 
a 
>-. 

0 

e 
* 

■3 

ca 

2 

0 

3 
< 

* 
* 

» 

0 

a 

ca 
ca 
2 
■3 

.5 
2 

CO 

• 
X 

ca 
0 

CO 

ca 

ca 
IS 

ca 

<1 

a. 

S 

3 

P4 

Oryssus 

maculipennis    . . 
Xyphidria 

rufipes  

lasvipes 

Tremex 

insignis     

insularis    

•  • 

* 

* 

•• 

•• 

•• 

•  • 

•• 

* 

Cladomacra 

macropus 

Tenthredo 

coxalis 

purpurata 

Cynips 
insignis     

« 

Notes  on  the  Food  and  Parasites  of  the  Salmo  solar  of  the  Tay. 
By  W.  Cabmichabl  M'Intosh,  M.D.,  F.L.S.  Communicated 
by  T.  S.  CoBBOLD,  M.D.,  F.L.S. 

[Eead  Dec.  4,  1862.] 

The  nature  of  the  food  of  the  Salmo  salar  has  been  variously  esti- 
mated. Dr.  EJiox  read  a  paper  to  the  Linnean  Society  "  On  the 
Food  of  certain  gregarious  Fishes,"  including  the  Salmon,  in 
which  it  is  stated*,  "  From  the  time  the  salmon  enters  the  fresh 
water,  it  ceases  to  feed,  properly  speaking,  although  it  may  occa- 
sionally rise  to  a  fly,  or  be  tempted  to  attack  a  worm  or  minnow, 
in  accordance  seemingly  with  its  original  habits  as  a  smolt.  But 
after  first  descending  to  the  ocean  and  tasting  its  marine  food,  it 
never  again  resorts  to  its  infantile  food  as  a  constant  source  of 
nourishment."  He  goes  on  to  state  that  nothing  whatever  is 
found  in  the  stomach  or  intestines  of  the  fresh  sea-salmon  but  a 
little  reddish  substance,  which  he  found  to  be  the  ova  of  some 
species  of  Echinodermata,  and  affirms  that  such  is  the  sole  food  of 
the  salmon  in  the  sea.  He  combats  the  views  of  M.  Valenciennes, 
who  describes  the  salmon  as  voracious  and  a  devourer  of  fishes,  and 

*  In  abstract  of  paper,  Annals  of  Nat.  Hist.,  2nd  series,  vol.  xvi.  p.  60. 


146  DB.  w.  c.  m'tsttosh  ok  the  food  and 

maintains  tbat  there  is  not  a  single  fact  in  the  history  of  British 
salmon  to  support  this  opinion,  and  concluding  thus : — "  As  to  their 
feeding  regularly  in  rivers,  Mr.  Young's  experiments  have  nega- 
tived the  assertion  beyond  all  doubt."  Tarrell  gives  the  authority 
of  Paber  to  support  the  assertion  that  it  feeds  on  small  fishes 
and  various  small  marine  animals ;  and  Dr.  Fleming  says,  "  their 
favourite  food  in  the  sea  is  the  sand-eel."  Others  confirm  the 
latter  statement,  and  add  that  within  flood-mark  some  salmon 
have  been  taken  with  two,  and  some  with  three  fuU-sized  herrings 
in  their  stomachs. 

In  order  to  test  the  accuracy  of  the  above  conclusions  with 
regard  to  the  Tay,  I  examined  the  stomachs  and  intestines  of 
upwards  of  a  hundred  salmon  and  grilse  caught  in  the  river  from 
the  commencement  of  the  season  in  February  to  its  ending  in 
September  of  this  year.  The  salmon  in  its  young  condition  feeds 
freely  enough ;  for  the  stomaclas  and  intestines  of  the  parr  from 
Stormontfield  ponds  are  gorged  to  an  extreme  degree  with  beetles, 
flies,  larvae,  larvse-tubes,  and  minute  Crustacea,  while  those  of  the 
smolts  are  also  well  filled.  Indeed  the  voracity  of  young  parr 
has  cost  them  their  lives  in  instances  where  they  have  been  too 
freely  fed  with  small  flies.  Such  being  the  nature  of  the  fish 
from  its  earliest  age,  one  is  sceptical  at  first  sight  in  regard  to  the 
statement  that  the  grilse  and  salmon  do  not  feed  in  fresh  water  at 
all.  Professor  Owen*  observes  that  the  salmon,  in  common  with 
many  other  fishes,  when  hooked  or  netted,  empties  its  stomach  by 
an  instinctive  act  of  fear,  or  to  facilitate  escape  by  lightening  its 
load ;  so  that  the  stomach,  thus  cleared  of  its  contents,  exhibits 
subsequently,  for  reward  to  the  investigator,  only  the  tiny  animal- 
cules, which,  having  been  swallowed  with  more  substantial  fare, 
escaped  ejection  by  lurking  in  the  gastric  mucus.  "Were  such  the 
case,  an  explanation  would  be  readily  given  to  the  fact  that  the 
stomach  of  a  fish  which  possesses  so  powerful  a  circidatory  appa- 
ratus, and  whose  mucalar  tissues  undergo  a  continual  waste,  should 
thus  frequently  be  found  empty.  But  if  the  salmon  so  fared,  we 
should  expect  to  find  the  intestines  at  least  well  filled  with  the 
debris  of  such  food,  since  it  cannot  very  easily  vomit  it  after  it  has 
passed  the  pylorus  ;  and  the  very  terror  which  impels  it  to  dis- 
gorge in  one  case  may  entirely  paralyse  its  efibrts  to  do  so  in 
another. 

In  its  usual  condition,  the  stomach  is  coated  internally  with  a 
consistent  white  mucus  of  great  tenacity,  well  calculated  to  hold 

*  Lect.  on  Comp.  Anat. :  Fishes,  p.  237. 


I 


PAEASITES  OF  THE  SALMON  OF  THE  TAT.  147 

any  "  animalcules  "  introduced  from  without ;  yet  in  few  or  none 
did  such  occur,  cellulo-grauular  matter  and  oil-glohules  alone 
appearing.  In  ten  instances  only  did  remnants  of  fishes  occur, 
and  in  all  these  nothing  remained  but  vertebral  columns,  cranial 
and  other  bones,  with  the  denser  tissues,  as  the  lens,  &c.  The 
number  of  bones  in  several  cases  showed  that  the  animals  had  en- 
joyed a  most  ample  repast,  since  they  belonged  to  fishes  from  8 
to  10  inches  in  length — of  what  species  I  have  not  been  as  yet  able 
to  determine.  Some  pieces  of  cartilage,  skin,  and  pigment-cells 
seemed  to  belong  to  smelts,  but  most  of  the  vertebrae  belonged  to 
larger  fishes.  The  other  kinds  of  food  found  in  the  stomach  con- 
sisted of  fragments  of  small  freshwater  Crustacea  with  a  portion 
of  a  shrimp  in  one  or  two  fishes,  and  an  occasional  piece  of  in- 
sect-cuticle. 

The  duodenum  is  generally  supplied  in  abundance  with  a  less 
cohesive  mucus  of  an  orange  tinge,  and  which  is  continued  along 
the  intestine.  A  constant  accompaniment  of  this  mucus  in  almost 
all  fishes  is  a  number  of  whitish  or  yellowish  masses,  extending  far 
down  the  gut  as  a  fragile  knotted  cord  surrounded  by  the  mucus — 
in  some  instances  nearly  to  the  anus.  When  a  small  portion  of 
the  white  substance  is  put  between  glasses,  it  is  gritty,  and  is 
found  to  consist  of  a  vast  number  of  calcareous  crystals  like  those 
of  the  triple  phosphate.  They  are  quite  unaflected  by  ether,  but 
effervesce  much  and  disappear  on  the  addition  of  hydrochloric 
acid.  Some  of  the  larger  crystals  showed  roughnesses  on  their 
svu-faces,  as  if  smaller  crystals  adhered  or  had  adhered  to  form  com- 
pound masses ;  others  had  a  somewhat  radiate  arrangement  of  the 
constituent  crystals.  They  occiu'red  in  all  portions  of  the  intes- 
tine from  the  pylorus  downwards,  but  not  in  the  pyloric  caeca,  and 
appeared  in  the  fasting  as  well  as  in  the  full-fed  fish.  The  mucus 
which  more  immediately  surrounded  them  had  a  fibro-granular 
aspect.  The  exact  origin  of  these  crystals  is  an  interesting  ques- 
tion. So  constantly  were  they  present  imder  all  conditions  as 
regards  food,  that  they  could  not  have  been  much  influenced  by 
the  varying  state  of  the  latter.  The  intestinal  surface  being  an 
eliminating  as  well  as  a  secreting  surface,  we  may  conclude  that 
these  crystals  had  their  origin  in  fluids  produced  by  the  mucous 
membrane.  The  skeleton  of  this  fish  being  of  small  specific  gra- 
vity and  deficient  in  earthy  matter,  it  may  be  that  the  excessive 
elimination  of  salts  keeps  down  the  specific  gravity ;  or  again, 
the  circulating  fluid  by  this  means  may  so  adapt  the  bones  to  the 
varying  density  of  the  salt  and  fresh  water  that  their  specific 


148  DB.  W.  C.  M'INTOSII  on  the  rOOD  AND 

gravity  is  in  accordance  witli  the  medium.     At  any  rate,  and 
whatever  be  the  explanation,  the  presence  of  these  crystals  is  an 
interesting  physiological  fact.     In  a  greater  number  of  instances 
than  in  the  case  of  the  stomach,  bones,  lenses,  and  other  dense 
textvires  occurred  in  the  intestines ;  for  they  were  present  in  several 
instances  where  no  trace  occurred  in  the  former,  and  vertebrae 
could  readily  be  detected  as  far  down  as  the  anus.     In  addition 
to  those  in  which  the  debris  of  ascertained  food  in  the  stomach 
was  found  in  the  intestines,  I  met  with  crustacean  hairs  in  several 
instances,   Diatomacese,  sand-particles,   fragments  of  an  insect, 
masses  of  solid  fat,  and  portions  of  liver  belonging  to  a  fish  like 
the  Sparling.     In  every  other  instance  there  was  nothing  in  the 
intestinal  tract  but  parasites,  mucus,  crystals,  and  an  abundant 
supply  of  fatty  globules  and  particles  of  all  sizes.     The  rapidity 
and  power  of  digestion  in  this  fish  is  extraordinary  ;  but  there  is 
no  doubt  that,  if  the  fish  had  fed  regiJarly,  the  food  could  never 
have  disappeared  so  rapidly  and  well  as  to  defy  even  a  microscopic 
investigation  of  the  intestinal  tract  throughout.     It  is,  however, 
a  mistake  to  suppose  that  they  never  feed  in  fresh  water  at  all, 
just  as  it  is  one  to  suppose  that  they  feed  voraciously,  but  vomit 
their  food  when  captured.     The  true  state  of  matters  would  seem 
to  be  that  the  salmon  when  in  fresh  water  feeds  rarely  and  at 
intervals,  but  not  from  want  of  voracity,  as  the  contents  of  the 
stomachs  above  mentioned  show ;  and  further,  that  such  food  is 
occasionally  found  in  its  stomach  from  February  till  August  *. 

Ectozoa. — I  had  only  the  opportunity  of  examining  about  a 
dozen  grilse  and  salmon  for  these  parasitic  animals,  and  the  sole 
species  foun^  within  the  period  above  mentioned  was  Lepeoph- 
theirus  Stromii  (Baird) — four  males  and  three  females.  They 
occurred  at  the  base  of  the  fatty  fin,  at  the  base  of  the  caudal  rays, 
in  the  socket  of  the  eye,  and  in  front  of  the  hyoid  apparatus — 
and  all  in  grilse. 

Nothing  whatever  occurred  on  the  branchiae  to  attract  attention 
but  once  ;  and  this  abnormal  appearance  proved  to  be  non-parasitic. 
A  number  of  large  villi  proceeded  from  a  bulging  and  thickening  of 
the  arch,  but  solely  attached  to  the  cutaneous  textures.  The  villi  or 
processes  were  fibro-cellular  in  structure,  and  contained  at  their 
bases  numerous  black  pigment-corpuscles  and  crystalline  masses. 
They  seemed  to  be  morbid  growths  of  the  fibrous  textures  of  the 
region. 

*  They  have  also  been  seen  to  void  several  vertebrae  per  anum,  when  landed 
on  the  bank  of  the  river. 


PARASITES  OF  THE  SALMON  OE  THE  TAY. 


149 


Entozoa. — If  tlie  search  for  food  in  the  digestive  system  of  the 
clean  sahnon  and  grilse  was  only  rarely  rewarded  by  success, 
certainly  tliat  for  entozoa  was  more  fortunate.  There  was  scarcely 
a  single  fish  which  did  not  contain  some  of  the  following  species, 
and  many  had  them  in  abundance.  The  first  of  these  I  shall  de- 
scribe (fig.  1,  a,  h)  is  seldom  or  never  absent  throughout  the  entire 

Kg.  1. 


series  of  grilse  and  salmon.  It  is  a  minute  creature,  of  grega- 
riniform  aspect,  which  squeezes  its  gelatinous  body  hither  and 
thither  amongst  the  granular  debris  and  oil-globules  of  the  duo- 
denum and  pyloric  cseca.  In  its  interior  are  numerous  globules 
and  granules,  and  a  larger  spherical  body,  wliich,  when  the  animal 
is  flattened  between  the  glasses,  gives  it  the  aspect  of  having  a 
sucker.  One  end  is  generally  darker  from  the  accumulation  of 
the  granular  contents.  Besides  the  shapes  depicted  in  the  draw- 
ing, this  creature  very  often  assumes  an  hourglass  aspect  from  a 
central  constriction.  One  of  the  chief  habitats  of  this  gregarini- 
form  animal  is  the  pyloric  CEeca,  where  it  has  been  found  amongst 
the  dry  mucus  even  at  the  tip  of  one  entirely  blocked  up  by  the 
coils  of  a  Bothriocephalus.  It  is  in  all  probability  a  stage  in  the 
development  of  some  higher  parasitic  form. 

Occurring  in  the  greater  number  of  the  specimens  of  both 
grilse  and  salmon  is  Distovia  varicum  (Rud.),  {Fasciola  varica 
O.F.  Miiller,  Zoologia  Danica,  p.  43,  plate  72).  Almost  with- 
out exception,  this  species  occurred  in  the  stomach  of  the 
salmon,  imbedded  amongst  the  tenacious  mucus,  or  else  at  the 
border  of  the  latter  at  the  commencement  of  the  organ.  They 
varied  in  number  from  one  or  two  up  to  twenty -five  or  thirty  in 
extreme  cases,  and  they  were  also  diversified  as  regards  size. 
Miiller  in  the  above  work  observes  that  he  met  with  five  in  the 
stomach  of  a  salmon,  and  Eudolj^hi  states  that  it  is  rare.     This, 


150  DE.  w.  c.  m'intosii  on  the  food  and 

as  above  mentioned,  is  not  the  case  with  the  salmon  from  the  Tay, 
in  which  this  parasite  is  rarely  wanting.  The  description  of  the 
foregoing  authors  leaves  little  to  be  added,  further  than  that  Ru- 
dolphi  is  correct  in  stating  that  there  is  no  anus  as  described  by 
Miiller.  Detached  and  solitary  ova  frequently  occurred  in  all  por- 
tions of  the  intestine  and  caeca.  In  some  specimens,  bodies  that 
seemed  to  be  spermatozoa-cells  were  seen,  in  constant  motion 
within  tubes.  When  the  Distomata  are  put  into  water,  they  wriggle 
and  lengthen  themselves,  and  the  ventral  disc  may  be  seen  occa- 
sionally tinged  with  blood.  In  the  duodenum  ©f  one  fish  was  a 
remarkable  Distoma,  which  appeared  rather  to  be  two  in  con- 
gress, but  yet  may  be  a  malformation,  since  one  oral  sucker  only 
could  be  found,  and  each  half  diifered  somewhat  from  the  body  of 
an  ordinary  Distoma. 

A  single  specimen  only  of  another  species  of  Distoma  {D.  tere- 
ticolle),  of  an  elongated  form,  occurred  in  the  intestine  of  a  salmon. 

In  the  oesophagus  of  a  salmon  a  peculiar  flask-shaped  body  was 
met  with.  It  equalled  in  size  a  full-grown  Distoma  varicum,  was 
of  a  yellow  colour,  and  possessed  two  dark-brown  patches,  one  at 
the  broad  end,  and  the  other  an  elongated  lateral  one.  The 
general  body  of  the  structure  was  filled  with  cells  and  granules, 
while  the  dark  patches  were  made  up  of  the  dark-brown  cells  or 
masses,  and  some  of  the  latter  were  of  an  elongated  form.  The 
contained  pale  cells  and  granules  floated  readily  out  through  any 
fissure.  Whether  it  is  a  parasitic  structure  pertaining  to  the 
salmon  or  some  other  fish  I  am  unable  to  state,  farther  than  that 
it  once  occurred  in  the  stomach  of  the  former. 

I  found  a  single  specimen  of  TetrarhyncTius  appendiculatus 
(Hud.)  when  washing  the  mucous  surface  of  the  stomach  of  a  sal- 
mon. On  this  there  was  a  little  eminence  having  a  minute  aper- 
ture at  the  summit,  which  when  pressed  gave  exit  to  a  small  white 
body — after  the  manner  of  the  parasites  of  the  human  skin,  and 
the  part  extruded  was  the  posterior  elongated  body  shown  in 
the  figure  *.  When  a  section  divided  the  eminence,  the  creature 
firmly  adhered  by  its  anterior  hooks.  On  removal,  it  progressed 
leech-fashion  by  successive  waves  of  its  soft  white  body,  adhering 
by  either  end  at  pleasure.  The  anterior  or  larger  portion  of  the 
body  was  intensely  white,  the  posterior  appendage  less  so.  When 
moving,  its  body  assumed  various  shapes,  now  like  a  thick  round 
jar,  or  again  like  an  elongated  flask,  with  numerous  longitudinal 
striae  on  its  external  surface.     The  body  of  the  Tetrarhyuchus  was 

*  Eudolphi,  tab.  7.  fig.  10. 


PARASITES  OF  THE  SALMON  OF  THE  TAT.  151 

enveloped  in  a  tougli  white  investment,  and  appeared  one  mass  of 
cells  of  an  elliptical  form — some  with  and  some  without  nuclei. 
Fibrous  and  muscular  bauds  and  peculiar  tubes  stretched  back- 
wards from  the  spinigerous  columns.  Some  of  the  tubes  were  filled 
with  cells ;  others,  probably  from  bursting,  were  empty. 

Anteriorly  it  was  armed  by  the  four  formidable  spinigerous 
processes  capable  of  protrusion  and  retraction.  Each  consisted 
of  an  elongated  and  somewhat  tapered  stalk  covered  with  a  com- 
plete array  of  curved  spines  resembling  on  a  miniature  scale  those 
on  the  rose,  viz.  with  a  broad  base  and  strongly  curved  sharp 
point.  They  were  regularly  arranged  on  the  column,  and  towards 
the  base  showed  an  interesting  gradation  into  short,  closely  grouped 
blimt  tubercles,  not  unlike  the  horny  scales  on  the  foot  of  a 
land  tortoise.  Below  this  the  spinigerous  column  was  marked  by 
a  constriction  followed  by  a  slight  bulgiug,  and  ran  inwards  in  the 
shape  of  a  tubular  process  connected  with  a  curved  elongated  sac. 
The  sac  was  covered  with  an  immense  number  of  cross  striae  as 
well  as  longitudinal  furrows.  Prom  the  opposite  end  of  the  sac, 
the  tube  was  continued  into  the  general  body  of  the  animal,  and 
became  filled  with  the  oval  cells  and  granular  matter  every- 
where so  prevalent.  On  the  addition  of  acetic  acid,  immediate 
effervescence  resulted  in  certain  opaque  and  translucent  masses 
ux  the  interior  of  the  animal ;  and  the  numerous  cells  formerly  so 
conspicuous  became  transparent  and  indistiuct,  or  were  broken 
up  into  smaller  cells. 

Once  afterwards  the  scolex  of  a  species  of  TetrarhyncJius  (fig.  2,  a) 
occurred  in  the  rectum  of  a  salmon.      It  contained  the  usual 

Fig.  2. 


small,  smooth,  oval  bodies  or  cells,  quite  pale  and  translucent  {b). 
Under  the  action  of  dilute  glycerine  and  pressure  they  assumed 
the  shapes  (e)  aloug  with  some  of  the  other  contents  of  the  scolex. 

Three  or  four  specimens  of  Echinorhynclius  inflatus  (Rud.)  oc- 
curred in  the  intestines. 

Only  two  specimens  of  Echinorhpiclius  tereticollis  (End.)*  oc- 

*  [This  is  JEchinorhyncTius  Froteus  of  Dujardin,  Von  Siebold,  and  other 
modem  authors.  Accordmg  to  Prof.  Rudolf  Leuckart's  very  recent  and  ex- 
tremely  interesting  discovery,  this  species  undergoes  a  series  of  remarkable 


152  DR.  w.  c.  m'intosh  on  the  food  and 

curred — both  in  the  small  intestines.  The  more  perfect  one  had 
its  head  retracted  and  quite  loose.  The  entire  animal  was  about 
half  an  inch  in  length.  Continuous  with  the  base  of  the  proboscis 
was  an  elongated  muscular  structure,  possessing  many  longitudinal 
striae.  Attached  to  this  were  many  muscular  bands  slanting 
backwards.  In  the  space  behind  the  sac  were  also  many  cellular, 
granular,  and  crystalline  masses.  Rather  behind  the  middle  of  the 
animal  were  two  elliptical  testes,  granular  and  opaque.  Posterior 
to  these  lay  the  ordinary  granular  and  cellular  structures,  besides 
a  convoluted  tubular  organ,  at  whose  termination  was  an  ovoid  mass 
with  a  coiled  aspect.  This  was  succeeded  by  a  peculiarly  convoluted 
structure  shaped  somewhat  like  tlie  semicircular  canals  of  the  in- 
ternal ear,  and  followed  posteriorly  by  a  barred  curved  portion 
which  lies  a  little  in  front  of  the  termination  of  the  animal*. 
The  investing  structure  formed  a  thick  layer,  marked  here  and 
there  by  many  mottled  and  shaded  portions.  When  the  hooks  of 
the  creature  are  fixed  in  the  mucous  membrane,  it  is  impossible  to 
remove  them  without  tearing  the  texture  therewith,  as  may  be 
readily  imagiued  from  their  form  and  direction. 

Bothriocephalus  prohoscideus  (End.)  was  the  only  species  met 
with  ;  but  it  occurred  in  by  far  the  greater  majority  of  the  grilse 
and  salmon,  generally  commencing  with  its  coils  in  the  duodenum 
and  pyloric  caeca,  and  stretching  down  the  gut.  The  heads  were 
generally  met  with  in  one  of  the  caeca  ;  and  the  appearance  of  the 
various  specimens  was  very  similar,  except  that  some  (probably 
owing  to  peculiarity  of  pressure)  showed  a  greater  bulging  of  the 
outliae  just  behind  the  anterior  end.  The  following  may  be  given  as 

transformations  in  its  passage  fi-om  the  embryonic  to  the  adult  condition, — the 
embryo  bearing  a  relation  to  the  fully- developed  wonn  similar  to  that  which 
Pluteus  and  Pilidium  respectively  bear  to  Ophiurus  and  Nemertes.  Dr.  Guide 
Wagener's  previous  investigations  had  led  us  to  believe  in  a  more  simple  and 
direct  mode  of  development  (Siebold  and  KoUiker's  Zeitschrift,  1857,  vol.  ix. 
p.  77)  ;  but  Leuckart  fully  estabhshes  the  fact  of  a  true  alternate  generation  in 
the  hfe-history  of  Eehinorliynchus.  See  his  "  Helminthologische  Experimental- 
untersuchungen  "  in  Reports  of  Konigl.  Gesellschaft  der  Wissenschaft.  for  Oct. 
22nd,  1862.— T.  S.  C] 

*  [The  author's  description  here  evidently  vcievsio  the  ^ pavilion  terminaV  of 
Dujardin,  so  efBciently  described  and  figured  by  him  in  the  '  Histoire  NatureUe 
des  Helminthes '  as  it  occurs  in  the  Hchinorhynchus  Anthuris  of  the  newt.  This 
copulatory  apparatus  of  the  male  Echinorhynchus  has  since  been  noticed  by 
sevei-al  authors,  whilst  the  female  organs  of  reproduction  have  been  carefully 
examined  by  ourselves  (Linn.  Trans,  vol.  xxii.  p.  163),  and  especially  also  by 
Dr.  Guido  Wagener,  whose  descriptions  appeared  in  the  9th  volume  of  Siebold 
and  KoUiker's  Zeitschi-ift.— T.  S.  0.] 


PARASITES  OP  THE  SALMON  OF  THE  TAT.  153 

a  good  illustration.  In  a  salmon  of  ten  pounds,  a  BothriocepLalus 
lay  coiled  in  tlie  duodenum,  and  passing  down  to  the  small  intes- 
tine filled  it  even  to  distention.  The  anterioi'  portion  proceeded 
into  a  caecum  by  a  double  coil ;  from  this,  other  four  plies  (two  coils) 
entered  another  caecum  close  by  the  pylorus,  and  performed  many 
intricate  bends  therein,  filling  out  the  sac  to  a  size  equal  to  the 
similarly  distended  intestine  of  the  fish.  This  csecum  contained 
the  head,  the  distance  of  which  from  the  trimcated  posterior  ex- 
tremity was  6  feet  6  inches.  About  20  inches  from  the  head  a 
narrowing  of  the  segments  occurred,  so  as  to  resemble  those  near 
the  head, — a  not  unfrequent  occurrence.  The  size  of  the  ]3othrio- 
cephali  did  not  always  bear  comparison  with  that  of  the  fish. 

Ascaris  capsularia  (Eud.). — This  species  is  easily  recognized 
by  a  whitish  opaque  portion  a  little  behind  the  head.  It  is  found 
on  the  liver,  pyloric  caeca,  stomach,  intestines,  and  gall-bladder  at 
the  attachment  of  the  mesentery,  &c.  It  is  enveloped  in  a  cap- 
sule of  delicate  fibrous  tissue,  in  which  it  lies  as  a  finger  in  a  glove, 
— a  circumstance  which,  from  the  attachment  of  the  capsule  to  the 
surrounding  textures  by  many  delicate  fibrous  bands,  renders  it 
difficult  to  pull  the  creature  ofi"  rudely  or  en  masse,  while  it  can 
readily  be  unhoused  by  dravraig  at  its  free  end.  These  Ascari 
occur  in  most  grilse  and  salmon ;  in  fact,  it  is  exceptional  to  find 
them  absent.  On  the  liver  they  are  met  with  on  all  parts  of  the 
surface,  coiled  in  a  circular  depression  of  its  texture,  but  with  a 
portion  of  the  latter  projecting  in  the  centre.  Most  form  this  close 
coil,  but  others  stretch  in  a  long  curve  or  semicircle.  In  the  former 
the  head  is  always  external.  On  the  caeca  they  are  found  amongst 
the  iat,  coiled  after  the  fashion  of  a  nummulite,  and  often  sur- 
rounded by  a  deposit  of  pigment.  Occasionally  one  had  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  body  pushed  into  a  caecum,  or,  rarely,  into  the 
tissue  of  the  liver.  Once,  on  examining  a  small  eminence  on  the 
inner  surface  of  the  stomach,  a  living  Ascaris  capsularia  emerged 
on  squeezing  the  perforated  sunjmit.  Earely  one  or  two  occurred 
in  the  interior  of  the  stomach  and  intestines.  Attached  to  the 
pyloric  caeca,  where  these  are  so  frequently  found,  curious  struc- 
tirres  which  seemed  degenerated  Ascari  were  sometimes  met  with. 
A  calcareous  deposit  filled  part  of  the  interior  of  one  example. 

Other  forms  of  Ascarides  *  were  present,  some  of  which  appeared 
referable  to  undescribed  species.  It  may  also  be  noted  that  in 
the  stomach  I  once  met  with  several  small  fibro-cartilaginous 

*  One  species  especially  occurred  veiy  frequently,, 


154     MR.  J,  BLACKWALL  ON  SOME  EEMAEKABLE  TACTS 

tumours  ;  and  it  is  common  to  see  a  peculiar  white  appearance, 
often  in  rings,  on  the  interior  of  the  stomach.  These  portions  are 
denser  than  the  ordinary  mucous  surface,  and  often  slightly  ele- 
vated. Under  the  microscope  they  are  fibro-granular.  It  is  pro- 
bable that  they  originate  in  some  former  parasitic  inroads. 


A  succinct  Eeview  of  recent  Attempts  to  explain  several  remark- 
able Tacts  in  the  Physiology  of  Spiders  and  Insects.  By  John 
Blackwall,  P.L.S. 

[Read  AprU  2,  1863.] 

My  friend  Mr.  Meade,  in  his  valuable  report  "  On  some  Points  in 
the  Anatomy  of  the  Araneidea,  or  true  Spiders,  especially  on  the 
internal  structure  of  their  Spinning  Organs,"  *  has  been  induced 
by  his  researches  to  adopt  the  opinion  that  these  animals  can 
propel  from  their  spinners,  to  a  considerable  distance,  fine  lines 
formed  of  the  viscid  fluid  secreted  by  appropriate  organs  situated 
in  the  interior  of  their  abdomen.  This  hypothesis,  based  on  zoo- 
tomical  considerations,  being  directly  opposed  to  the  conclusion 
arrived  at  by  myself  from  numerous  carefully  conducted  experi- 
ments, merits  an  impartial  examination. 

After  having  briefly  stated  the  general  results  obtained  by  his 
dissection  of  several  species  of  spiders,  and  minutely  described  the 
organization  of  the  internal  vessels  that  elaborate  the  material 
which,  on  issuing  from  the  papillae  connected  with  the  spinners, 
forms  filaments  of  extreme  tenuity,  Mr.  Meade  remarks,  "  I  have 
now  arrived  at  the  most  interesting  but  most  difficult  part  of  my 
task,  viz.  the  question  whether  there  is  anything  in  the  structure 
of  the  silk -forming  organs  that  will  decide  the  question  as  to  the 
power  of  spiders  to  eject  their  threads  to  a  distance.  Looking  at 
the  strong  fibrous  coat  on  the  ducts  of  the  membranous  sacs,  and 
the  fibrous  tissue  surrounding  the  glands  themselves,  I  think  that 
they  must  possess  a  powerful  contractile  power,  which  may  also 
be  increased  by  the  muscular  coat  of  the  integument  enabling 
the  spider  to  compress  its  abdomen.  May  not  the  striated  bands 
of  muscular  fibres,  which  run  in  a  parallel  direction  down  the 
middle  of  the  abdomen  quite  into  the  interior  of  the  spinnerets, 
and  surround  the  termination  of  the  ducts,  also  assist  in  this  ob- 
iect  ?  They  are  not  attached  to  the  tegumentary  coverings  of  the 
spinnerets  like  the  other  muscles,  and  cannot  therefore  be  for  the 

*  Keport  of  the  Twenty-eiglith  Meeting  of  the  British  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science,  p.  157. 


IN  THE  PITTSIOLOOT  OF  SriDERS  AND  INSECTS.  155 

purpose  of  moving  these  processes  ;  their  action  must  be  to  draw 
the  spinnerets  inwards."  Such  is  the  evidence  supplied  by  dissec- 
tion in  support  of  the  opinion  that  spiders  can  forcibly  eject  their 
lines  to  a  distance. 

Now  it  is  manifest  from  well-known  physiological  facts  that  the 
muscles  distributed  to  the  spinning-organs  perform  various  func- 
tions, the  office  of  some  being  to  give  motion  to  those  parts,  of 
others  to  close  either  the  minute  aperture  in  the  dilated  base  of 
the  tubular  papillae,  or  that  of  the  fine  ducts  which  terminate  the 
vessels  that  secrete  the  fluid  employed  by  spiders  in  the  process 
of  spinning,  as  its  issue  from  the  papillae  can  be  instantaneously 
prevented  at  the  will  of  the  animals  ;  others,  moreover,  must  pos- 
sess a  contractile  force  sufficient  to  propel  the  fluid  to  the  open 
extremity  of  the  delicate  hair-like  papillae,  exactly  as  the  non- 
viscid  fluid,  propelled  by  the  contraction  of  the  muscles  connected 
with  the  vessel  that  secretes  it,  passes  out  of,  but  is  not  ejected 
in  a  stream  from,  the  minute  orifice  situated  near  the  extremity 
of  the  fang  that  terminates  the  falces. 

To  this  extent  I  am  prepared  to  admit  the  influence  of  the 
muscles  that  contribute  directly  or  indirectly  to  the  action  of  the 
spinning  apparatus ;  but  that  a  remarkably  viscid  fluid,  which 
immediately  becomes  concrete  on  exposure  to  the  air  when  drawn 
out  in  a  filament  of  such  marvellous  tenuity  as  the  lines  produced 
by  spiders,  can,  notwithstanding  its  extreme  levity  and  flexibility, 
and  quite  irrespective  of  the  size  of  the  animals  producing  it,  be 
propelled  by  any  physical  power  vdth  which  they  are  endowed  in 
a  straight  line  of  many  feet  in  length,  through  a  resisting  me- 
dium liable  to  rapid  fluctuations  like  the  atmosphere,  does  appear 
to  be  in  the  highest  degree  improbable,  and  is,  as  already  asserted, 
directly  at  variance  with  the  result  of  an  extensive  and  elaborate 
experimental  investigation  of  the  subject*,  a  brief  abstract  of 
which  I  proceed  to  give. 

Spiders,  if  placed  on  wooden  or  metallic  rods  set  upright  in 
glass  vessels  with  perpendicular  sides,  containing  a  sufficient  quan- 
tity of  clean  water  completely  to  immerse  their  bases,  in  vain 
attempt  to  effect  an  escape  from  them  in  a  still  atmosphere  ;  all 
their  efforts  to  accomplish  the  desired  object,  though  perseveringly 
persisted  in,  proving  quite  unavailing  when  they  are  placed  under 
a  glass-shade,  or  in  any  situation  where  the  air  is  not  liable  to  be 

*  Transactions  of  the  Linnean  Society,  vol.  xv.  p.  455 ;  Researches  in 
Zoology,  pp.  242-248  ;  A  History  of  the  Spiders  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
part  1st,  p.  12. 


156  MR.  J.  BLACKWALL  ON  SOME  REMARKABLE  EACTS 

disturbed.  However,  should  individuals  thus  insulated  be  ex- 
posed to  a  current  of  air,  either  naturally  or  artificially  produced, 
they  instantly  turn  the  abdomen  in  the  direction  of  the  breeze, 
and  emit  from  the  spinners  a  little  of  their  viscid  secretion,  which, 
being  carried  out  in  a  line  by  the  current,  becomes  connected  with 
some  object  in  the  vicinity,  and  affords  them  the  means  of  regain- 
ing their  liberty.  This  line  uniformly  moves  in  the  direction  and 
with  the  velocity  of  the  stream  of  air ;  but  if,  while  proceeding 
from  the  spinners,  it  be  subjected  to  the  action  of  a  lateral  or 
opposing  current,  it  immediately  becomes  deflected  from  its  course 
by  the  new  impulse  thus  imparted  to  it. 

I  may  here  remark  that  numerous  species  belonging  to  various 
genera  of  spiders, — Drassus  ater,  Cinijlo  similis,  Ergatis  latenSy 
Tegenaria  civilis,  Ccelotes  saxatilis,  Dysdera  erythrina,  and  Oonops 
pulclier,  for  example, — though  provided  with  highly  organized  spin- 
ners, yet  do  not  appear  to  be  endowed  with  the  instinct  to  avail 
themselves  of  a  current  of  air  for  the  purpose  of  transmitting 
their  lines  to  a  distance. 

The  manner  in  which  the  lines  of  spiders  are  drawn  out  from 
the  spinners  by  a  current  of  air  admits  of  an  easy  explanation. 
As  a  preparatory  measure,  the  extremities  of  the  spinners  are 
brought  into  contact,  and  viscid  matter  is  emitted  from  the  pa- 
pillae ;  they  are  then  separated  by  a  lateral  motion,  which  extends 
the  viscid  matter  into  filaments  connecting  the  papillae ;  on  these 
filaments  the  current  impinges,  drawing  them  out  to  a  length 
which  is  regulated  by  the  will  of  the  animal,  and  on  the  ex- 
tremities of  the  spinners  being  again  brought  together,  the  fila- 
ments coalesce  and  form  one  compound  line. 

The  only  legitimate  deduction  from  the  foregoing  experiments, 
which  have  been  frequently  repeated  under  every  variety  of  cir- 
cumstances likely  to  aifect  the  result,  ajipears  to  be  that  the  lines 
produced  by  spiders  are  not  propelled  from  the  spinners  by  any 
physical  power  possessed  by  those  animals,  but  that  they  are  in- 
variably drawn  from  them  by  the  mechanical  action  of  external 
forces. 

§  2. 

The  importance  of  the  greatly  diversified  form  of  the  remark- 
able organs  connected  with  the  radial  and  digital  joints  of  the 
palpi  of  male  spiders,  in  affording  valuable  specific  characters  in 
numerous  cases  in  which  species  so  closely  resemble  each  other  in 
size,  colour,  and  economy  as  scarcely  to  be  distinguished  except 
by  miiiute  differences  in  their  external  structure,  is  beginning  to 


IN  THE  PHTSIOLOOY  OF  SPIDERS  AND  INSECTS.  157 

ue  duly  appreciated  by  arachnologists,  whose  attention  hitherto 
has  been  abnost  exclusively  directed  to  investigations  having  for 
their  object  the  discovery  of  the  function  performed  by  those 
organs — a  highly  interesting  pi'oblem  undoubtedly,  the  solution  of 
which  long  continued  to  exercise  the  skill  aud  ingenuity  of  zoo- 
tomists  and  physiologists.  Though  the  palpal  appendages  are 
now  known  to  have  a  strictly  sexual  character,  and  have,  in  fact, 
been  demonstrated  by  experiment  to  constitute  a  true  intromittent 
organ  absolutely  essential  to  fecundation  *,  yet  no  direct  commu- 
nication has  been  ascertained  to  exist  between  them  and  certain 
vermicular  vessels  situated  in  the  abdomen,  and  usually  regarded 
as  testes,  whose  ducts  terminate  in  the  space  intermediate  between 
the  branchial  stigmata.  M.  Duges  has  attempted  to  obviate  this 
difficulty  by  shrewdly  suggesting  that  these  parts  may  have  been 
voluntarily  brought  together  prior  to  the  act  of  copulation,  and 
then  proceeds  to  ask,  "le  conjoncture"  (palpal  organ)  "  ferait-il 
alternativement  1' office  de  siphon  absorbant  et  d'organe  ejacula- 
teur?" — a  question  which  he  answers  in  the  following  terms  : — 
"  cela  se  pent,  mais  je  n'ai  rien  pu  observer,  qui  justifiat  directe- 
ment  cette  conjectiire."  f 

In  a  concise  notice  of  a  work  on  the  habits  of  the  Araclinida, 
by  A.  Menge,  given  in  the  '  Reports  on  Zoology,'  for  1843  &  1844, 
p.  195,  published  by  the  Eay  Society,  the  following  passage  occurs  : 
— "  Copulation.  It  was  reserved  for  the  author  to  solve  the  physio- 
logical enigma  which  this  act  had  hitherto  presented.  The  spoon- 
shaped  palpi  of  the  males  are  in  fact  the  copulative  organs,  with 
which  they  take  the  semen  from  the  appropriate  openings  of  the 
seminal  ducts  on  the  base  of  the  abdomen,  and  transfer  it  to  the 
sexual  opening  of  the  female.  The  procedure  is  carefully  de- 
scribed in  various  Spiders,"  Not  having  had  an  opportunity  of 
perusing  the  work  of  M.  Menge,  I  am  unable  to  state  the  par- 
ticular observations  which  have  led  to  a  conclusion  so  precisely  in 
accordance  with  the  supposition  previously  entertained  by  M. 
Duges, 

This  view  of  the  subject  I  am  incompetent  either  to  confirm  or 
refute,  as  in  the  course  of  extensive  and  minute  investigations  I 
have  not  succeeded  in  observing  the  act  above  described ;  and  yet 

*  Researches  in  Zoology,  pp.  295-298 ;  Report  of  the  Fourteenth  Meeting 
of  the  British  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  pp.  67-69. 

t  Anuales  des  Sciences  Naturelles,  2de  serie,  Zoologie,  tome  vi.  pp.  189, 
190. 

LINN.  PROC. — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  Yll,  13 


158  ME.  J.  BLACKWALL  OK  SOME  BEMARKABLE  FACTS 

in  numerous  cases  it  ought  to  be  very  apparent,  as  the  shortness 
of  the  palpi  would  render  a  strong  inilection  of  the  cephalothorax 
towards  tlie  inferior  surface  of  the  abdomen  absolutely  requisite 
before  they  coukl  be  applied  to  the  part  indicated  as  the  seat  of 
the  seminal  ducts. 

I  shall  conclude  these  remarks  with  the  statement  of  a  few  facts 
bearing  upon  the  question,  which  have  come  to  my  knowledge  in 
pursuing  researches  relative  to  the  generation  of  Spiders. 

In  the  act  of  copulation,  the  extremity  of  the  organ  of  each 
palpus  of  the  male,  in  a  state  of  tumefaction,  is  usually  introduced 
alternately  into  the  vulva  of  the  female,  and  that  many  times  in 
succession,  without  being  once  brought  into  contact  with  any  part 
of  its  own  abdomen,  though  it  is  very  frequently  conveyed  to  the 
mouth ;  and  I  have  observed  a  male  Lycosa  lugubris  apply  its 
right  palpus  eighty  times,  in  the  manner  above  described,  to  the 
vulva  of  a  female  (both  of  which  had  been  placed  in  a  clean  glass 
phial),  without  the  possibility  of  bringing  it  into  contact  with  the 
inferior  surface  of  its  abdomen,  except  by  a  very  conspicuous 
change  of  position ;  and  as  an  equal  number  of  similar  acts  were 
performed  by  the  left  palpus,  we  have  the  extraordinary  fact  of 
the  palpal  organs  being  employed  160  times  during  this  greatly 
protracted  process,  unaccompanied  by  any  contact  whatever  with 
the  part  where  the  seminal  ducts  are  considered  to  terminate. 

A  male  Agelena  lahyrintliica,  confined  in  a  phial,  spun  a  small 
web,  and  among  the  lines  of  which  it  was  composed  I  perceived 
that  a  drop  of  white  milk-like  fluid  was  suspended ;  how  it  had 
been  deposited  there  I  cannot  explain,  but  I  observed  that  the 
Spider,  by  the  alternate  application  of  its  palpal  organs,  speedily 
imbibed  the  whole  of  it.  Perhaps  the  only  safe  conclusion  to  be 
drawn  from  this  very  remarkable  circumstance,  taken  in  connexion 
with  the  previously  well-ascertained  ofiice  of  these  parts,  is  that 
it  affords  a  complete  answer  in  the  affirmative  to  the  question 
asked  by  M.  Duges,  namely,  "  le  conjoncture  ferait-il  alternativc- 
ment  I'office  de  siphon  absorbant  et  d'organe  ejaculateur  ?" 

§  3. 

My  explanation  of  the  means  whereby  various  animals  are  sup- 
ported in  their  movements  on  the  vertical  surfaces  of  liighly- 
polished  bodies  having  recently  been  called  in  question,'!  am  in- 
duced to  offer  a  few  remarks  in  vindication  of  its  accuracy. 

Mr.  Tiiften  West,  in  treating  "  On  certain  Appendages  to  the 


IN  THE  PUTSIOLOGY  Or  SPIDKKS  AND  INSECTS.  159 

Feet  of  Insects  subservient  to  Holding  or  Climbing"*  advocates 
the  hypotliesis  that  the  papillae  distributed  over  the  inferior  sur- 
face of  the  pul villi  of  flies  and  other  species  of  the  class  Insecta 
act  separately  as  independent  suckers,  adhesion  being  assisted 
by  the  emission  from  each  of  a  small  quantity  of  fluid.  This  view 
of  the  subject,  being  absolutely  irreconcilable  with  the  results  of 
observations  and  experiments  regarded  as  having  established  a 
widely  different  conclusion,  I  am  not  prepared  to  adopt.  That 
fluid  is  emitted  from  the  papilla3  connected  with  the  pulvilli  of  the 
House-fly  and  Flesh-fly  when  in  motion  is  unquestionable,  as 
finely  pulverized  nitrate  of  silver  brought  into  contact  with  those 
parts  is  immediately  acted  upon  by  it ;  but  that  its  agency  is 
merely  to  effect  a  more  complete  vacuum  between  the  climbing 
apparatus  and  the  plane  of  position  is  evidently  inadmissible. 
This  fluid,  which  appears  to  possess  a  moderate  degree  of  viscidity, 
assumes  a  gelatinous  consistency  when  coagulated  by  exposure  to 
the  atmosphere,  and  by  its  adhesive  property  enables  animals  pro- 
vided with  the  requisite  organs  to  move  with  facility  and  security 
on  the  vertical  surfaces  of  dry,  highly  polished  bodies.  In  confir- 
mation of  the  explanation  of  the  phenomenon  here  insisted  on, 
many  facts  might  be  advanced ;  but  it  will  suffice,  in  the  present 
instance,  to  direct  attention  to  one,  the  decisive  character  of  which 
cannot  be  mistaken. 

That  flies  are  not  supported  on  the  vertical  sides  of  highly- 
polished  bodies  by  the  pressure  of  the  atmosphere,  experiments 
with  the  air-pump  plainly  demonstrate  ;  for  they  can  not  only  tra- 
verse the  upright  sides  and  the  interior  of  the  dome  of  an  exhausted 
receiver,  while  their  physical  energy  is  unimpaired,  but  individuals 
occasionally  remain  fixed  to  the  sides  of  the  glass  after  they  have 
entirely  lost  the  power  of  locomotion — a  circumstance  which  can 
only  be  explained  by  admitting  the  adhesive  property  of  the  fluid 
emitted  from  the  extremity  of  the  papillae  on  the  inferior  surface 
of  their  pulvilli. 

To  the  same  cause  must  also  be  attributed  the  power  of  Spiders 
that  are  provided  with  scopulse  or  tarsal  brushes  to  run  with 
celerity  on  the  vertical  surfaces  of  highly  polished  bodies,  as 
those  instruments  consist  of  numerous  appendages  slightly  curved 
downwards  and  somewhat  enlarged  towards  their  extremity, 
which  is  densely  covered  on  its  inferior  surface  with  minute  hair- 
like papillae  for  the  emission  of  a  viscid  fluid,  but  which,  from 

*  Journal  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Linnean  Society,  vol.  ri.  p.  26. 

13* 


160  MR.  F.  WALKER  ON  HETEROCEROTJS  LEPTDOPTERA 

their  organization,  cannot  possibly  contribute  to  the  formation  of 
a  vacuum. 

The  foregoing  solution  of  this  interesting  physiological  problem, 
I  have  reason  to  believe  is  applicable  not  to  insects  and  Spiders 
alone,  but  also  to  some  species  of  reptiles. 


Catalogue  of  the  Heterocerous  Lepidopterous  Insects  collected  at 
Sarawak,  in  Borneo,  by  Mr.  A.  E.  Wallace,  with  Descriptions 
of  New  Species.     By  Fbancis  Walker,  Esq.,  F.L.S. 

[Continued  from  p.  84.] 

Gen.  Abtioisa,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  vix  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  subarcuati, 
verticem  pauUo  superantes ;  articulus  3"^  lanceolatus,  2"  brevior.  An- 
tennee  setis  longiusculis  instiucta;.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  non  supe- 
rans;  fasciculus  apicalis  parvus,  compressus.  Pedes  robusti,  pilosi,  fe- 
moribus  tibiisque  anticis  dense  pilosis,  calcaribus  longis.  Alts  anticae 
apice  subrotundatse,  costa  recta,  margine  exteriore  vix  convexo  sat 
obliquo. 

Male.  Body  hardly  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  slightly  curved, 
rising  a  little  higher  than  the  vertex;  3rd  joint  lanceolate,  much 
shorter  than  the  2nd.  Antennae  with  rather  long  bristles.  Abdomen 
not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings ;  apical  tuft  small,  compressed. 
Legs  stout,  pilose ;  fore  femora  and  fore  tibise  densely  pilose ;  hind 
tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings 
slightly  i-ounded  at  the  tips ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  hardly 
convex,  rather  oblique. 

354.  Artigisa  nigrosignata,  n.  s.  Mas.  Ochraeeo-cinerea,  alis 
fascia  media  e  atomis  nigris,  lineis  exteriore  et  submarginali  undulatis 
lunulisque  marginalibus  nigris,  alis  anticis  lituris  costalibus,  plaga 
basali  fasciaque  exteriore  nigris. 

Male.  Cinereous,  tinged  with  dull  ochraceous,  paler  beneath.  Fore 
legs  partly  black.  Wings  with  a  few  black  speckles,  which  form  a 
very  incomplete  middle  band ;  exterior  line  black,  slender,  distinct, 
undulating,  bent  in  the  fore  wings ;  submarginal  line  undulating,  much 
less  distinct;  submarginal  lunules  black,  forming  a  festoon  with  the 
marginal  line.  Fore  wings  with  black  marks  along  the  costa,  and 
with  a  black  basal  patch  formed  of  confluent  speckles ;  a  black  band, 
broadest  by  the  costa,  partly  contiguous  to  the  outer  side  of  the  ex- 
tei'ior  line,  and  traversing  the  submarginal  line;  this  band  is  diffuse 
hindward,  aud  emits  a  diffiise  streak  from  its  exterior  side.  Length 
of  the  body  4  lines ;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

Gren.  Veia,  n.  g. 
Mas,     Corpus  vix  I'obustum.     Proboscis  conspicua.     Palpi  comjjressi. 


COLLECTED  AT  SARAWAK.  161 

verticem  superantes  ;  articulus  2"'  latissime  fimbriatus ;  S""*  minimus. 
AntenncB  latissime  pectinatfe,  apices  versus  simplices.  Abdomen  cris- 
tatum,  alas  posticas  perpaullo  superans.  Pedes  sat  graciles,  femoribus 
tibiisque  posterioribus  subfimbriatis,  calcaribus  longissimis.  Alee  an- 
ticfE  elongatse,  apice  rotundatcTc,  costa  recta. 
Male.  Body  hardly  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  compressed, 
rising  rather  higher  than  the  vertex ;  2nd  joint  very  broadly  fringed ; 
3rd  very  small.  Antennae  very  broadly  pectinated  to  beyond  half  the 
length,  bare  from  thence  to  the  tips.  Abdomen  crested,  extending 
very  little  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  rather  slender ;  posterior 
femora  and  tibia;  slightly  fringed  ;  hind  tibise  with  four  very  long 
spurs.  Wings  elongate,  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  rounded  at 
the  tips ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  very  oblique,  very  slightly 
convex. 

355.  Veia  homopteroides,  n.  s.  Mas.  Ferrugineo-fusca,  cinereo  suf- 
fusa,  alis  lineis  plurimis  denticulatis  punctisque  raarginalibus  nigris, 
fasciis  duabus  cinereis. 

Male.  Ferruginous  brown,  with  a  cinereous  tinge,  more  cinereous  be- 
neath. Wings  with  several  denticulated  oblique  slight  black  lines 
and  with  black  marginal  points ;  two  cinereous  bands,  one  exterior, 
the  other  marginal  and  less  distinct.  Length  of  the  body  6  lines  ;  of 
the  wings  14  lines. 

Fam.  HYPOGEAMMIDiE,  Quen. 

Gen.    Briaeda,  Walk. 

356.  Briarda  decens,  Walk.  Cat.  hep.  3rd  ser.  1098. 
Inhabits  also  Hindostan. 

Greu.  Gadibtha,  Walk. 

357.  Gadirtha  inexacta.  Walk.  Cat.  hep.  3rd  ser.  1102. 
Inhabits  also  Hindostan. 

358.  Gadirtha  chalybea,  n.  s.  Vcem.  Obscure  ferrugineo-fusca, 
abdomine  subcristato  alas  posticas  paullo  superante,  alis  anticis  cha- 
lybeo  tinctis,  lineis  nonnullis  denticulatis  lunulisque  niarginalibus  ni- 
gris, striga  basali  testacea,  alis  posticis  cupreo-fuscis. 

Female.  Dark  ferruginous  brown.  Third  joint  of  the  palpi  linear,  shorter 
and  more  slender  than  the  2nd.  Abdomen  with  slight  crests,  extend- 
ing a  little  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Fore  wings  with  a  chalybeous 
tinge  and  with  several  transverse  black  denticulated  lines,  between 
some  of  which  the  ground-hue  is  rather  paler  than  it  is  elsewhere ;  a 
testaceous  basal  streak  dilated  at  the  base,  near  which  it  is  interrupted  ; 
marginal  lunules  black.  Hind  wings  cupreous  brown.  Length  of 
the  body  8  lines ;  of  the  wings  20  lines. 

359.  Gadirtha  diffundens,  n.  s.     Fcem.  Obscure  fusca,  palpis  ru- 


162  ME.  F.  AVALKER  ON  HETEROCEEOUS  LEPIDOPTEKA 

fescentibus,  abdomine  basi  cinereo,  alis  seneo-fuscis,  anticis  apice 
rotundatis,  vitta  costaque  nigro-purpureis,  lineis  quatuor  undulatis 
indistinctis  obscui'e  fuscis,  puncto  basali  punctoque  discali  ochraceis, 
linea  submarginali  cervina. 
Female.  Dark  brown.  Palpi  reddish,  obliquely  ascending;  3rd  joint 
lanceolate,  about  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Abdomen  cinereous 
towards  the  base,  extending  somewhat  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs 
rather  short  and  stout.  Wings  rather  narrow,  aeneous  brown.  Fore 
wings  rounded  at  the  tips,  blackish  purple  along  the  costa  and  along 
the  interior  border,  and  with  a  middle  stripe  of  the  same  hue  ;  four 
oblique,  undulating,  indistinct,  dark  brown  lines;  an  ochraceous  point 
in  the  disk  near  the  base,  and  another  representing  the  reniform  mark  ; 
submarginal  line  fawn-colour,  irregular,  most  distinct  in  front ;  costa 
straight ;  exterior  border  convex,  very  oblique.  Length  of  the  body 
7  lines  ;    of  the  wings  16  lines. 

360.  Gadirtha  polygrapha,  n.  s.  F(£m.  Obscure  ferrugineo-fusca, 
abdomine  alas  posticas  vix  superante,  alis  anticis  longis  sat  latis  cine- 
reo subtinctis  apice  subrotundatis,  fasciis  duabus  nigris  abbreviatis, 
lineis  interioribus  undulatis  subdentatis  lineisque  exterioribus  cuneatis 
nigris,  alis  posticis  fuscis. 

Female.  Very  dark  ferruginous  brown,  slightly  paler  beneath.  Third 
joint  of  the  palpi  much  shorter  than  the  2nd.  Abdomen  hardly  ex- 
tending beyond  the  hind  wings.  Wings  long,  rather  broad.  Fore 
wings  partly  tinged  with  cinereous,  slightly  rounded  at  the  tips ;  in- 
terior part  with  some  black  undulating  and  slightly  dentate  lines ; 
exterior  part  with  several  black  cuneiform  lines ;  two  interior  black 
bands,  much  abbreviated  towards  the  interior  border ;  2nd  band  ter- 
minating in  an  elongated  whitish  dot ;  marginal  lunules  black ;  costa 
very  slightly  convex.  Hind  wings  brown  ;  fringe  with  the  tip  cine- 
reous.    Length  of  the  body  8  lines;  of  the  wings  21  lines. 

361.  Gadirtha  ferromixta,  n.  s.  Mas.  Rufescenti-ferruginea, 
thorace  nigro  cinereoque  consperso,  alis  anticis  subdentatis  sat  an- 
gustis  vix  acutis,  fasciis  cinereis  ex  parte  nigro  marginatis  lineas  fer- 
rugineas  undulatas  includentibus,  striga  costali  subapicali  lunulisque 
marginalibus  nigris,  alis  posticis  obscure  cinereis. 

Male.  Reddish  ferruginous,  cinereous  beneath.  Palpi  porrect ;  3rd 
joint  much  shorter  than  the  2nd.  Antennae  setulose.  Thorax  with 
black  and  cinereous  speckles.  Abdomen  cinereous.  Tibia;  banded  with 
black.  Wings  slightly  dentate,  rather  narrow.  Fore  wings  hardly 
acute,  with  some  irregular  cinereous  iridescent  partly  black -bordered 
bands,  which  include  some  ferruginous  undulating  lines  ;  a  longitudi- 
nal black  streak  near  the  tip  of  the  costa;  marginal  lunules  black. 
Hind  wings  dark  cinereous.  Length  of  the  body  7  lines;  of  the 
wings  18  lines. 

362.  Gadirtha  auADRiNOTATA,  n.  s.      Fam.   Obscure  ferrugineo- 
fusca,  abdomine  alas  posticas  perpaullo  superante,  alis  anticis  latius- 


1 


COLLECTED  AT  SABAWAK.  163 

culis  vix  dentatis,  lineis  nonnuUis  denticulatis  pallide  cervinis  nigri- 
cante  marginatis,  spatio  medio  purpurascente  maculam  nigram  inclu- 
dente,  alls  posticis  obscure  fiiscis. 
Female.  Dark  ferruginous  brown,  cinereous  brown  beneath.  Palpi 
rather  slender,  not  rising  higher  than  the  vertex  ;  3rd  joint  a  little  less 
than  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Abdomen  extending  very  little  be- 
yond the  hind  wings.  Wings  hardly  dentate,  rather  broad.  Fore 
wings  hardly  acute,  with  several  denticulated  pale  fawn-coloured 
blackish-bordered  lines;  middle  part  purplish-tinged,  including  a 
black  discal  hindward  spot ;  some  whitish  costal  subapical  points ; 
marginal  lunulas  elongated,  dark  brown.  Hind  wings  dark  brown. 
Length  of  the  body  Ah  lines  ;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

363.  Gadirtha  metaph^a,  n.  s.  Fcew.  Ochraceo-ferruginea,  alis 
anticis  elongatis  apice  subrotundatis,  lineis  nonnuUis  testaceis  den- 
tatis nigro  punctatis,  striga  basali  postica  lata  fusca,  fimbria  testacea 
nigro  notata,  alis  posticis  nigro -fuscis,  fimbria  extus  cinerea. 

Female.  Ochraceous  ferruginous.  Body  pale  beneath.  Third  joint 
of  the  palpi  full  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Abdomen  cinereous. 
Wings  elongate.  Fore  wings  slightly  rounded  at  the  tips,  with  several 
testaceous  dentate  transverse  lines,  some  of  whose  angles  are  pointed 
with  black;  interior  border  with  a  short  broad  brown  streak  at  the 
base;  fringe  testaceous,  with  black  marks.  Hind  wings  blackish 
brown ;  fringe  cinereous  exteriorly.  Length  of  the  body  7  lines ;  of 
the  wings  16  lines. 

364.  Gadirtha?  semifervens,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Pallide  straminea,  ab- 
domine  alas  posticas  paidlo  superante,  alis  anticis  vix  acutis  nigro 
subconspersis,  lineis  duabus  cervinis  uudulatis  non  obliquis,  puncto 
basali,  punctis  duobus  discalibus  lineaque  submarginali  punctulari 
nigris,  costa  convexa,  alis  posticis  extus  rufescentibus. 

Female.  Pale  straw-colour.  Palpi  rising  higher  than  the  vertex ;  3rd 
joint  lanceolate,  about  half  the  length  of  the  second.  Abdomen  ex- 
tending a  little  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Hind  tibise  with  four  very 
long  spurs.  Wings  moderately  broad,  with  blackish  marginal  points. 
Fore  wings  hardly  acute,  thinly  and  minutely  black- speckled ;  interior 
and  exterior  lines  fawn  coloured,  undulating,  not  oblique  ;  submar- 
ginal  line  composed  of  black  points ;  a  black  basal  point  and  two 
black  discal  points ;  costa  convex ;  exterior  border  moderately  oblique ; 
under  side  reddish.  Hind  wings  reddish  above  exteriorly.  Length 
of  the  body  5  lines  ;  of  the  wings  13  lines. 

365.  Gadirtha?  discigera,  n.  s.  Cervina,  ahs  anticis  rufescente 
tinctis,  apice  subrotundatis,  linea  interiore  indistincta,  striga  discali, 
linea  exteriore  arcuata  cinereo  marginata  lineaque  submarginali  inter- 
rupta  nigris,  costa  vix  convexa,  alis  posticis  cinereis. 

Fawn-colour,  cinereous  beneath.  Fore  wings  reddish-tinged,  slightly 
rounded  at  the  tips,  with  a  black  discal  streak,  beyond  which  there  is 
a  black  much  outward-curved  line,  which  is  bordered  with  cinereous 


164  ME.  F.  WALKEU  ON  HETEBOCEKOUS  LEPIDOPTERA 

on  the  outer  side,  and  has  between  it  and  the  exterior  border  a  black 
submarginal  very  incomplete  line  ;  interior  line  black,  denticulated, 
indistinct ;  costa  hardly  convex ;  exterior  border  slightly  convex,  very 
oblique.  Hind  wings  cinereous.  Length  of  the  body  5  ? ;  of  the 
wings  14  lines. 

Gen.  Phumana,  n.  g. 

Fcem.  Corpus  crassum.  Proboscis  brevis.  Antennce  validse,  simplices. 
Abdomen  convexum,  alas  posticas  longe  superans.  Pedes  breves,  ro- 
busti,  femoribus  tibiisque  posticis  densissime  pilosis.  AIcb  elongatae, 
sat  angustae ;  anticse  apice  rotundatae,  costa  recta,  margine  exteriore 
convexo. 

Female.  Body  thick.  Proboscis  short.  Antennae  stout,  simple.  Ab- 
domen convex,  slightly  tapering  from  the  base  to  the  tip,  extending 
far  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  short,  stout ;  hind  femora  and  hind 
tibiae  most  densely  clothed  with  long  hairs;  hind  tibiae  with  four  stout 
spvirs.  Wings  elongate,  rather  narrow.  Fore  wings  rounded  at  the 
tips ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  convex,  moderately  oblique. 

Allied  to  Gadirtha. 

366.  Phumana  canescens,  n.  s.  FcRm.  Cinerea,  thorace  fascia  fer- 
ruginea,  alis  anticis  fusco  conspersis  et  nebulosis,  lineis  cinereis  den- 
ticulatis,  litura  reniformi  ferrugiueo-rufa  subrotunda  nigro  punctata, 
punctis  duobus  basalibus  nigris,  litura  basali  postica  ferrugineo-rufa, 
alis  posticis  cinereo-fuscis,  spatio  niarginali  ferrugineo-rufescente.^ 

Female.  Cinereous,  darker  beneath.  Thorax  with  a  ferruginous  band 
in  front.  Fore  wings  minutely  brown-speckled,  partly  shaded  with 
brown,  the  latter  hue  with  denticulated  transverse  cinereous  lines; 
reniform  mark  fen-uginous  red,  nearly  round,  with  a  black  point ;  two 
other  black  points  in  the  disk  nearer  the  base ;  a  ferruginous-red 
mark  by  the  base  of  the  interior  border,  and  a  tinge  of  the  same  hue 
along  the  costa ;  marginal  line  brown,  zigzag.  Hind  wings  cinereous 
brown,  with  a  ferruginous-red  tinge  about  the  middle  part  of  the  ex- 
terior border.     Length  of  the  body  7i  lines  ;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

Gen.  Chuduca,  n.  g. 

F(Bm.  Corpus  sat  robustum.  Proboscis  brevis.  Palpi  decumbentes, 
compressi ;  articulus  2"'  apice  latior ;  3"^  parvus.  Antennoi  glabra;, 
graciles.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  paullo  superans.  Pedes  sat  validi ; 
tibiaj  posticae  calcari  apicali  longissimo.  Alw  anticae  elongatae,  an- 
gustae, acutae,  costa  vix  convexa,  margine  exteriore  subconvexo  per- 
obliquo. 

Female.  Body  moderately  stout.  Proboscis  short.  Palpi  decumbent, 
compressed,  not  longer  than  the  breadth  of  the  head;  2nd  joint 
widened  towards  the  tip ;  3rd  conical,  minute,  less  than  one-fourth  of 
the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antenna;  smooth,  slender.  Abdomen  extend- 
ing a  little  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  moderately  long,  and 
stout  hind  tibiae  with  four  spurs;  one  of  the  aj)ical  pair  very  long. 


COLLECTED  AT  SARAWAK.  165 

Wings  elongate.     Fore  wings  narrow,  acute  ;    costa  hardly  convex ; 
exterior  border  slightly  convex,  extremely  oblique.     Hind  wings  mo- 
derately broad. 
Allied  to  Gadirtha. 

3G7-  Chuduca  PYRALOiDES,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Nigricans,  alis  anticis  chaly- 
beo  subtinctis  plaga  apud  marginem  interiorem  pallida  nigro  con- 
spersa,  lineis  nigris  denticulatis  valde  indistinctis,  punctis  basalibus 
testaceis,  linea  duplici  marginali  e  punctis  albis,  alis  posticis  feneo- 
fuseis  basi  cinereis  subhyalinis. 

Female.  Blackish.  Abdomen  and  underside  dark  cinereous.  Fore  wings 
slightly  tinged  with  chalybeous  blue ;  a  pale  black-speckled  patch 
by  the  interior  border ;  transverse  lines  black,  denticulated,  very 
indistinct;  a  few  testaceous  points  in  the  disk  towards  the  base,  and  a 
double  row  of  white  points  along  the  exterior  border.  Hind  wings 
aeneous  brown,  cinereous  and  slightly  hyaline  towards  the  base. 
Length  of  the  body  5  lines  ;  of  the  wings  14  lines. 

Gen.  CiASA,  n.  g. 

Fam.  Corpus  sat  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  porrecti, 
compressi ;  articulus  2"*  pilosus ;  3"^  lanceolatus,  2'  dimidio  non  lon- 
gior.  AntenncB  graciles,  glabrse.  Abdomen  lanceolatum,  alas  posticas 
perpaullo  superans,  basi  subcristatum.  Pedes  Iffives,  sat  validi ;  tibite 
posticse  calcaribus  longis.  Alee  longiusculaj ;  anticse  acutae,  costa 
recta,  margine  exteriore  perobliquo. 

Female.  Body  moderately  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  porrect. 
compressed,  about  as  long  as  the  breadth  of  the  head ;  2nd  joint 
pilose ;  3rd  lanceolate,  about  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae 
slender,  bare.  Abdomen  lanceolate,  extending  verj^  little  beyond  the 
hind  wings,  slightly  crested  towards  the  base.  Legs  smooth,  mode- 
rately long  and  stout ;  hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings  rather 
long,  moderatel}^  broad.  Fore  wings  acute ;  costa  straight ;  exterior 
border  very  oblique. 

Allied  to  Gardirtha. 

368.  CiASA  PUSTULIFERA,  n.  s.  FcEm.  Ferrugineo-fusca,  alis  anticis 
lituris  tribus  discalibus  pallide  viridescentibus,  lineis  nigris  dentatis 
interruptis  pallido  marginatis,  striga  obliqua  marginali  pallide  cervina, 
lunulis  marginalibus  nigris  pallido  marginatis,  fimbria  cinerea  pallido 
notata,  alis  posticis  aeneo-fuscis. 

Female.  Ferruginous  brown.  Abdomen  and  underside  cinereous  brown. 
Fore  wings  with  three  pale  dull  greenish  mai'ks  in  the  disk,  and  with 
some  black,  pale-bordered,  dentate,  irregular,  and  interrupted  lines; 
an  oblique  pale  fawn-coloured  streak  by  the  fore  part  of  the  exterior 
border ;  marginal  lunules  black,  pale-bordered ;  fringe  dark  cinereous, 
with  pale  marks;  costa  with  four  pale  points  towards  the  tip.  Hind 
wings  aeneous  brown;  fringe  tipped  with  hoary.  Length  of  the  body 
5  lines  ;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

LINN.  PEOC. — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  VII.  14 


IGG  ME.  V.  WALKER  ON  HETEEOCEEOITS  LEPIDOPTEEA 

Gen.  CoESA,  Walk. 

369.  CoRSA  ABSORBENS,  n.  s.  Fwm.  Fusca,  alis  anticis  cervinis  albido 
raarginatis,  basi,  plaga  aj)ucl  angulum  interiorem  plagaque  apicali  fus- 
cis  uigro  conspersis,  linea  submarginali  cana  dentata,  alis  posticis 
fimbria  cinerea. 

Female.  Brown.  Palpi  obliquely  ascending ;  3rd  joint  less  than  half 
the  length  of  the  2nd,  with  which  it  forms  a  slight  angle.  Fore  wings 
fawn-colour,  whitish-bordered  with  the  exception  of  the  base,  an  apical 
patch,  and  a  patch  by  the  interior  angle  ;  these  are  brown,  speckled  with 
black,  and  the  two  patches  contain  a  submarginal  dentate  hoary  line  ; 
tips  rounded ;  exterior  border  convex.  Hind  wings  brown,  with  a 
fawn-coloured  border ;  fringe  cinereous.  Length  of  the  body  6  lines ; 
of  the  wnigs  16  lines. 

Geu.  CuEGiA,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  crassum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  validi,  pilosi,  re- 
curvi,  verticem  superantes ;  articulus  3"^  lanceolatus,  2°  brevior.  An- 
tenncB  subsetulosse.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  longe  superans.  Pedes 
breves,  robusti,  pilosi;  tibise  posticae  calcaribus  quatuor  longis.  AI(b 
anticse  breviusculae,  sat  angustse,  apice  subrotundatse,  costa  margine- 
que  exteriore  rectis. 

Male.  Body  very  stout.  Proboscis  moderately  long.  Palpi  stout,  pi- 
lose, appUed  to  the  front,  recurved  over  the  vertex ;  3rd  joint  lanceo- 
late, shorter  than  the  2nd.  Antennae  very  minutely  setulose.  Abdo- 
men extending  much  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  short,  stout, 
pilose ;  hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings  rather  short.  Fore 
wings  rather  narrow,  slightly  rounded  at  the  tips ;  costa  and  exterior 
border  straight,  the  latter  rather  oblique.  Hind  wings  moderately- 
broad. 

Allied  to  Plotheia. 

3/0.  CuRGiA  NONAGRicA,  n.  s.  Mos.  Tcstacca,  thorace  antico  fusces- 
cente,  alis  anticis  linea  exteriore  albida  subobliqua  vix  undulata  intus 
nigro  punctata,  reniformi  angusta  indistincta  nigricante  marginata, 
alis  posticis  cinereis  semihyaliuis. 

Male.  Testaceous.  Thorax  brownish  in  front.  Abdomen  and  under 
side  pale  cinereous.  Fore  wings  with  a  whitish  exterior,  slightly  ob- 
lique, liardly  undulating  line,  which  is  accompanied  by  black  points  on 
its  inner  side  ;  reniform  mark  narrow,  blackish-bordered,  indistinct ; 
marginal  points  black.  Hind  wings  cinereous,  semihyaline,  slightly 
iridescent.     Length  of  the  body  8  lines  ;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

Gen.  Cropia,  Walk. 

371.  Cropia  onerata,  n.  s.  Mas.  Nigra,  crassa,  subtus  albida,  ab- 
domine  fusco-cinereo   basi  cristato  aj)ice  nigro  alboque  cincto   late- 


COLLECTED  AT  SAKAWAK.  167 

ribus  albo  punctatis,  alis  anticis  piirpureo-rufescentibus  latiusculis 
subdentatis,  lineis  undulatis  nigris,  spatio  marginali  glaueo-cinereo 
lineam  nigram  denticulatam  includeute,  puncto  maculaque  exteriore 
discalibus  nigris,  plaga  subcostali  squamosa  iridescente,  alis  posticis 
glauco-cinereis,  plaga  exteriore  squamosa. 

Male.  Black,  very  stout,  whitish  beneath.  Palpi  white  in  front,  ascend- 
ing higher  than  the  vertex;  3rd  joint  shorter  than  the  2nd.  Antennae 
stout,  minutely  setulose.  Thorax  slightlj'  speckled  with  cinereous. 
Abdomen  brownish  cinereous,  extending  a  little  beyond  the  hind 
wings,  crested  towards  the  base,  with  a  transverse  black-and-white  line 
at  the  base  of  the  tuft,  which  is  reddish ;  a  row  of  white  points  along 
each  side.  Wings  rather  broad,  slightly  dentate,  cinereous  beneath. 
Fore  wings  of  a  various  purplish-reddish  hue,  with  undulating  black 
lines,  which  are  here  and  there  dilated ;  marginal  space  glaucous  cine- 
reous, intersected  by  a  black  denticulated  line  ;  an  incomplete  row  of 
yellow  black-bordered  marginal  points ;  a  black  discal  point,  and  an 
exterior  black  discal  spot ;  a  curved  pale  line  forming  a  loop  with  the 
costa,  which  has  pale  points  along  its  exterior  pai'ts  ;  a  large  squa- 
mous iridescent  subcostal  patch.  Hind  wings  glaucous  cinereous,  with 
a  short  black  i-eddish-bordered  line,  which  extends  from  the  interior 
border  to  the  disk  ;  a  patch  like  that  of  the  fore  wings,  but  narrower 
and  extending  from  the  disk  to  the  fore  part  of  the  exterior  border ; 
fringe  brown,  interlined  with  black,  white  at  each  end ;  under  side 
with  a  line  composed  of  black  dots.  Length  of  the  body  10  lines ; 
of  the  wings  20  lines. 

This  species  has  some  resemblance  to  Hypoetra  complens. 

Gren.  AsiNDUMA,  n.  g. 

Fcem.  Cor^jMsrobustum,  squamosum,  laeve.  Proioms  conspicua.  Palpi 
compressi,  vix  lati,  verticem  paullo  superantes ;  articulus  3"^  lanceo- 
latus,  2°  brevior.  Antenna  graciles.  Abdomen  subcarinatum,  alas 
posticas  perpaullo  superans.  Pedes,  validi,  lajves ;  tibiaj  posticae  qua- 
dricalcarataj.  AIcb  anticae  apice  rotundatse,  costa  basi  subconvexa, 
margine  exteriore  subconvexo. 

Female.  Body  stout,  squamous,  smooth.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi 
compressed,  hardly  broad,  ascendnig  a  little  higher  than  the  vertex  ; 
3rd  joint  lanceolate,  much  shorter  than  the  2nd.  Antenna?  slender. 
Abdomen  slightly  keeled,  extending  very  little  be}'ond  the  hind 
wings.  Legs  stout,  smooth  ;  hind  tibiae  with  four  spurs  of  moderate 
length.  Wings  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  rounded  at  the  tips  ; 
costa  very  slightly  convex  towards  the  base  ;  exterior  border  very 
slightly  convex  and  oblique. 

This  genus  has  some  affinity  to  the  Acontidce. 

372.  AsiNDUMA  EXSCRiPTA,  w.  s.  Foim.  Pallidc  lutea,  palpis  extus 
fuseescentibHs,  abdomine  fusco-cinereo,  alis  anticis  albidis,  costa  lineis 

]4* 


168  MR.  F.  AVALKEE  ON  HETEUOCEEOTJS  LEPIDOPTEEA 

que  undulatis  lutescentibus,  puncto  discali  nigro,  linea  exteriore  fusca 
arcuata  extus  pallido  iutus  plumbeo  marginata,  spatio  marginali  fus- 
cescente  lineam  pallidam  angulosam  nigricante  marginatam  inclu- 
dente,  alis  posticis  cupreo-fuscis. 
Female.  Dull  pale  luteous,  whitish  beneath.  Palpi  brownish  exteriorly. 
Abdomen  brownish  cinereous.  Fore  wings  whitish,  lutescent  along 
the  costa,  and  with  lutescent  transverse  undulating  lines ;  a  black  dis- 
cal  point  and  a  brown  curved  exterior  line,  which  is  pale-bordered  on 
the  outer  side  and  broadly  bordered  with  plumbeous  on  the  inner 
side ;  space  beyond  the  line  brownish,  including  a  pale  blackish- 
bordered  very  zigzag  submarginal  line.  Hind  wings  cupreous  brown. 
Length  of  the  body  44  lines ;  of  the  wings  1 1  lines. 

Gen.  Carissa,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  robustum.  Proboscis  brevis.  Palpi  oblique  ascendentes, 
verticem  longe  superantes  ;  articulus  3"'  linearis,  2°  paullo  brevior  et 
gracilior.  AntenncB  longje,  validse,  setulosse,  pubescentes.  Abdomen 
subcompressum,  alas  posticas  sat  superans ;  fasciculus  apicalis  mini- 
mus. Pedes  vix  robusti ;  tibiEc  intermedise  pilis  longissimis  fimbriatae ; 
tibiaj  posticse  subfimbriatse.  Al(B  elongatse;  anticse  apice  rotundatse, 
costa  recta,  mai'gine  exteriore  perobliquo. 

Male.  Body  stout.  Proboscis  short.  Palpi  obliquely  ascending,  rising 
much  higher  than  the  vertex ;  3rd  joint  linear,  a  little  shorter  and 
more  slender  than  the  2nd.  Antennse  long,  stout,  setulose,  pubes- 
cent. Abdomen  tapering,  slightly  compressed,  extending  rather  far 
beyond  the  hind  wings ;  apical  tuft  very  small.  Legs  hardly  stout ; 
middle  tibise  thickly  fringed  along  the  whole  length  with  extremely 
long  hairs ;  hind  tibiae  slightly  fringed  with  short  hairs ;  spurs  of  mo- 
derate length.  Wings  elongate,  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings 
rounded  at  the  tips ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  convex,  very 
oblique. 

373.  Carissa  cossoides,  n.  s.  Mas.  Obscure  fusca,  alis  anticis  nigro 
strigatis,  plagis  duabus  purpureo-nigris  atro  marginatis,  1"  basali,  2a 
exteriore. 

Male.  Dark  brown.  Abdomen,  underside,  and  wings  brownish  cine- 
reous. Fore  wings  with  minute  transverse  black  streaks,  and  with 
two  large  purplish-black  patches,  one  near  the  base,  the  other  exterior, 
both  bordered  hindward  by  a  deep-black  line.  Length  of  the  body 
8  lines;  of  the  wings  18  lines. 

Gren.  Maxilua,  u.  g. 

Foem.  Corpus  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  sat  graciles, 
verticem  superantes;  articulus  2"*  subarcuatus;  3"^  linearis,  brevior. 
Abdomen  alas  posticas  non  superans.  Pedes  validi ;  tibiae  fimbriatae. 
Al(e  anticse  apice  rectangulatae,  costa  recta,  margine  exteriore  sub- 
convexo.  • 


COLLECTED  AT  SARAWAK.  169 

Female.  Body  stout.  Proboscis' distinct.  Palpi  rather  slender,  rising 
higher  than  the  vertex;  2ud  joint  slightly  curved;  3rd  linear,  much 
shorter  than  the  2nd.  Abdomen  not  extending  beyond  the  hind 
wings.  Legs  stout ;  tibife  fringed  ;  hind  tibiae  with  four  spurs  of 
nioderate  length.  Wings  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  rectangular 
at  the  tips ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  slightly  convex  and 
oblique. 

3/4.  Maxilua  FRONTALIS,  n.  s.  F(£m.  Cinerea,  subtus  obscure  fusca, 
capite  thoraceque  antico  pallida  ochraceis,  fronte  palpisque  obscure 
fuscis,  alls  anticis  purpureo  teneoque  nitentibus,  lineis  tribus  fuscis 
indistinctis  subundulatis,  alis  posticis  cupreo-fuscis. 

Female.  Cinereous,  dark  brown  beneath.  Head  and  fore  part  of  the 
thorax  pale  ochraceous  ;  front  and  palpi  dark  brown.  Wings  beneath 
with  one  exterior  brown  Ime.  Fore  wings  with  purple  and  aeneous 
reflexions,  and  with  three  brown  indistinct  slightly  undulating  lines ; 
2nd  line  accompanied  by  a  darker  brown  dot ;  marginal  points  black. 
Hind  wings  cupreous  brown ;  under  side  with  a  brown  discal  dot 
Length  of  the  body  6  lines;  of  the  wings  14  lines. 

Gen.  Thaco>'^,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  vix  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  breves,  va- 
lidi,  oblique  ascendentes  ;  articulus  2"^  arcuatus,  latus ;  3"*  brevissimus. 
AntenncB  longae,  subserratse,  pubescentes.  Abdomen  cylindricum,  lon- 
gissimum.  Pedes  longiusculi,  sat  graciles ;  tibiae  antica;  breves ; 
tibiae  posticae  calcaribus  duobus  apicalibus,  uno  longissimo  ;  tarsi  pos- 
tici  longissimi.  Alee  anticse  longse,  angustse,  apice  rotundatse ;  posticae 
amplae. 
Male.  Body  hardly  stovit.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  short,  stout,  ob- 
liquely ascending,  applied  to  the  head  ;  2ud  joint  curved,  broad  ;  3rd 
extremely  short  and  minute.  Antennae  long,  minutely  serrated,  very 
pubescent.  Abdomen  cylindrical,  very  long,  extending  far  beyond  the 
hind  wings;  apical  tuft  divergent.  Legs  rather  long  and  slender; 
fore  tibiae  short ;  hind  tibiae  with  two  apical  spurs,  one  of  which  is 
very  short ;  tarsi  long ;  hind  tarsi  very  long.  Wings  long.  Fore 
wings  narrow,  rounded  at  the  tips;  costa  straight;  exterior  border 
convex,  moderately  oblique.  Hind  wings  ample. 
This  is  a  very  aberrant  genus,  and  does  not  accord  well  with  the  charac- 
ters of  any  of  the  families  of  the  Noctuites. 

375.  Thacona  costivitta,  n.  s.  Mas.  Albida,  capite  thoraceque  an- 
tico ferrugineis,  abdomine  absque  posticis  fusco-cinereis  aeneo  tinctis, 
alis  anticis  vitta  costali  ferruginea  nigro  notata  postice  dilatata  et  ma- 
culam  albidam  includente. 

Male.  Head  and  fore  part  of  the  thorax  ferruginous.  Thorax  whitish 
hindward.  Abdomen  and  hind  wings  brownish  cinereous,  with  an 
aeneous  tinge.     Underside  of  the  body  and  of  the  wings  cinereous 


170  ME.  F.  WALKEB  ON  HETEEOCEEOUS  LEPTDOPTEEA 

brown.  Fore  wings  whitish,  with  a  ferruginous  costal  stripe,  which 
contains  some  black  marks,  and  is  notched  along  its  hind  side ;  the 
latter  dilated  in  the  middle,  and  containing  an  oblong  whitish  spot. 
Length  of  the  body  9  lines  ;  of  the  wings  20  lines. 

Gen.  Badausa,  n.  g. 

Fatm.  Corpus  vohviS,t\xm.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Pa//>i  graciles,  oblique 
ascendentes,  valde  compressi ;  articulus  3u3  lanceolatus,  2'  dimidio 
brevior.  Antennce  subpubescentes.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  nou  su- 
jierans.  Pedes  sat  robusti ;  tibia;  posticaj  pilosa;,  calcaribus  quatuor 
longissimis.  Alee  anticae  latte,  apice  rectangidatse. 
Female.  Body  stout.  Frontal  tuft  prominent.  Proboscis  distinct. 
Palpi  slender,  obliquely  ascending,  extremely  compressed ;  3rd  joint 
lanceolate,  less  than  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antenna;  very  mi- 
nutely pubescent.  Abdomen  not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings. 
Legs  somewhat  stout ;  hind  tibiae  pilose,  with  four  very  long  spm-s. 
Wings  broad.  Fore  wings  rectangular  at  the  tips;  costa  straight; 
exterior  border  oblique  hindward. 
This  genus  hardly  forms  part  of  the  family  with  which  it  is  here  placed, 

and  perhaps  it  is  not  one  of  the  Noctuites ;  it  has  some  affinity  to  the 

Hi/penid(e, 

376.  Badausa  hypenoides,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Obscure  ferrugineo-fusca, 
abdomine  absque  posticis  aeneo-fuscis,  alis  anticis  spatio  marginali 
cinereo  lineam  albidam  angulosam  includente,  lineis  duabus  nigris, 
1"  undulata,  2"  postice  abbreviata,  puncto  discali  nigro. 

Female.  Dark  ferruginous  brown,  cinereous  brown  beneath.  Abdo- 
men and  hind  wings  aeneous  brown.  Fore  wings  with  a  large  cine- 
reous space  along  the  border  on  each  side  of  the  interior  angle,  and 
including  a  whitish  zigzag  submarginal  line ;  interior  and  exterior 
lines  black,  the  former  imdulating,  the  latter  shortened  hindward 
by  the  cinereous  part ;  a  black  discal  point  between  the  lines ;  sub- 
marginal  line  obsolete  in  front,  exce))t  near  the  costa,  where  it  is 
white  and  distinct.  Length  of  the  body  6  lines;  of  the  wings  16 
lines. 

Gen.  AsTA,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpw*  crassum.  Proboscis  vohusta.  P«/^i  verticem  superantes ; 
articulus  2"'  subarcuatus,  subdilatatus ;  3"^  linearis,  gracilis,  2'  dimidio 
non  longior.  Antennce  validac,  glabrae.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  supe- 
rans  ;  fasciculus  apicalis  parvus,  compressus.  Pedes  robusti,  pilosi ; 
tibiae  posticae  calcaribus  quatuor  longissimis.  Alee  amplae;  anticae 
apice  rotundatfe. 

Male.  Body  very  robust.  Proboscis  stout,  of  moderate  length.  Palpi 
ascending  higher  than  the  vertex ;  2nd  joint  slightly  curved  and  di- 
lated ;  3rd  linear,  slender,  about  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae 
stout,  smooth.    Abdomen  extending  somewhat  beyond  the  hind  wings ; 


COLLECTED  AT  SAKAWAK.  171 

apical  tuft  small,  compressed.  Legs  stout,  pilose ;  hind  tibiae  with 
four  very  long  spurs.  Wiugs  ample.  Fore  wings  somewhat  rounded 
at  the  tips ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  very  convex,  moderately 
oblique. 

377.  AsTA  auADRiLiNEA,  n.  s.  Mas.  Obscure  rufo-fusca,  palpis  tes- 
taceis,  alis  anticis  purpuraseente  tinctis,  lineis  quatuor  nigro-fuscis 
rectis  obliquis  parallelis,  guttis  duabus  discalibus  nigro-fuscis,  linea 
submarginali  angulosa,.alis  posticis  obscure  fuscis. 

Male.  Dark  reddish  brown ;  underside  paler  and  with  a  cinereous 
tinge.  Palpi  testaceous.  Fore  wings  with  a  purplish  bloom,  and 
with  four  straight,  oblique,  parallel,  nearly  equidistant  blachish-brown 
lines;  two  blackish-brown  discal  dots,  one  between  the  1st  and  2nd 
lines,  the  other  between  the  2nd  and  3rd  lines  ;  subraarginal  line 
slight,  zigzag.  Hind  wings  dark  brown,  with  two  lines  and  an  inter- 
mediate dot  on  the  under  side.  Length  of  the  body  8  lines  ;  of  the 
wings  20  lines. 

Fam.  CATEPHIID^,  Guen. 
Gen.  Anopuia,  Gu^n. 

37s.  Anophia  limitaris,  n.  s.  Mas.  Fusca,  cinereo  varia,  alis  an- 
ticis lineis  tribus  angulosis  nigris,  reniformi  maculaque  exteriore  fuscis, 
alis  posticis  cupreo-fuscis  basi  albis. 

Male.  Brown,  varied  with  cinereous.  Palpi  ascending ;  3rd  joint  lan- 
ceolate, more  than  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  simple.  Legs 
very  stout ;  femora  and  tibiae  fringed.  Fore  wings  with  three  black 
zigzag  lines ;  third  line  bent  in  front,  connected  by  a  short  inward 
line  with  an  elongated  brown  spot ;  the  latter  connected  in  front  by 
another  little  line  with  the  irregular  brown  reniforra  mark ;  marginal 
lunules  blackish,  slender;  costa  with  whitish  marks.  Hind  wings 
cupreous  brown,  white  towards  the  base,  and  with  a  white  mark  along 
the  fore  part  of  the  exterior  border;  interior  border  with  a  white 
fringe.     Length  of  the  body  8  lines ;  of  the  wings  18  lines. 

379.  Anophia  ANGULiFERA,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Cinereo- fusca,  antennis  sub- 
serratis,  abdomine  flavescente  vitta  fusca,  alis  anticis  basi  fasciaque 
lata  albidis,  lineis  duabus  basalibus  angulatis  nigris,  spatio  marginali 
nebulis  fuscis  strigaque  obliqua  nigra,  alis  posticis  basi  et  apud  angu- 
lum  interiorem  flavescentibus. 

Female.  Cinereous  brown.  Palpi  slightly  ascending ;  3rd  joint  linear, 
about  one-third  of  the  length  of  the  2nd,  Antennae  very  minutely 
serrated.  Abdomen  yellowish,  with  a  broad  brown  stripe.  Fore 
wings  whitish  at  the  base,  and  with  a  broad  whitish  band,  the  latter 
emitting  a  bideutate  streak  into  the  exterior  part  of  the  disk ;  two 
angular  black  lines  near  the  base ;  marginal  space  obliquely  shaded 
with  brown,  and  containing  an  oblique  black  streak ;  marginal  lunules 
black.     Hind  wings  yellowish  towards  the  base  and  on  the  interior 


172  ME.  F.  WALKEB  ON  HETEBOCEEOUS  LEPIDOPTEEA 

angle;    fringe  yellowish,  with    brown  marks.     Length  of  the  body 
6  lines  ;  of  the  wings  14  lines. 

380.  Anophia  suffundens,  n.  s.  Obscure  ferrugineo-fusca,  abdo- 
mine  cinei-eo,  tibiis  posticis  limbriatis,  alis  anticis  lineis  duabus  nigris 
dnplicatis,  1"  denticulata,  2'^  undulata,  linea  exteriore  nigra  obliqua 
brevi,  reniformi  olivaceo-palliila,  alis  posticis  fuscis  basi  albis. 

Dark  ferruginous  brown.  Palpi  rising  higher  than  the  vertex ;  3rd 
joint  linear,  much  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Abdo- 
men and  underside  cinereous.  Hind  tibiae  fringed.  Fore  wings  here 
and  there  blackish-tinged ;  interior  and  exterior  lines  black,  double, 
the  former  slightly  denticulated,  the  latter  undulating;  a  more  ex- 
terior oblique  black  line  extending  from  the  costa  to  the  middle  of  the 
exterior  border ;  reniform  mark  pale,  with  an  olive  tinge ;  marginal 
lunules  black ;  costa  with  some  whitish  subapical  points.  Hind  wings 
brown,  white  towards  the  base.  Length  of  the  body  5  lines  ;  of  the 
wings  14  lines. 

Gen.  Idicaea,  n.  g, 

Mas.  Corpus  crassum.  Paljn  verticem  vix  superautes;  articulus  3"* 
linearis,  2'  dimidio  non  longior.  Antennce  subpubesceutes.  Abdomen 
lougissimura,  lateribus  apiceque  dense  pilosis.  Pedes  robusti;  tibiae 
deusissime  fasciculatae.  Alee  anticae  apice  subrotundatse ;  posticae  fas- 
ciculo  densissimo  i-ecurvo  apud  margiuem  interiorem. 

Male.  Body  very  stout.  Palpi  hardly  rising  higher  than  the  vertex  ; 
3rd  joint  linear,  rounded  at  the  tip,  about  half  the  length  of  the  2ud. 
Antenna;  minutely  pubescent.  Abdomen  very  long,  extending  far 
beyond  the  hind  wings,  thickly  clothed  on  each  side  and  at  the  tip. 
Legs  stout;  tibiae  most  densely  tufted.  Wings  moderately  broad. 
Fore  wings  slightly  rounded  at  the  tips  ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  bor- 
der convex,  its  hind  part  rather  oblique.  Hind  wings  with  a  very  dense 
recurved  tuft  on  the  interior  border. 

Allied  to  Anophia. 

381.  Idicara  olivacea,  n.  s.  Mas.  Viridescenti-cinerea,  thorace 
lineis  duabus  transversis  nigris,  abdomine  pallide  cervino,  fasciculo 
apicali  nigricante,  alis  anticis  nigro  subconspersis,  lineis  tribus  angu- 
losis  nigris,  litura  submarginali  brevi  lata  nigricante,  alis  posticis 
a:neo-fuscis  basi  albis. 

Male.  Greenish  cinereous,  paler  and  tinged  with  fawn-colour  beneath. 
Thorax  with  two  black  transverse  lines.  Abdomen  pale  fawn-colour  ; 
apical  tuft  blackish.  Fore  wings  thinly  black-speckled,  with  the  basal, 
interior,  and  exterior  lines  black,  zigzag,  the  third  bent  outward ;  re- 
niform mark  incompletely  bordered  with  black ;  a  short  broad  blackish 
mark  near  the  exterior  border  towards  the  tip  ;  marginal  points  black. 
Hind  wings  aeneous  brown,  white  towards  the  base ;  tuft  on  the  in- 
terior border  dark  brown.  Length  of  the  body  10  lines;  of  the  wings 
20  lines. 


COLLECTED  AT  SATIAWAK.  173 

Gren.  Eemusia,  Walk. 


■-J 


382.  Remusia  iutrahens,  Walk.  Cat.  Lep.  3rd  ser.  1780. — Anophia'sma- 
ragilina,  Walk.  Cat.  Lep.  3rd  ser.  1811. 

383.  Remusia  hirtissima,  n.  s.  Mas.  Cervina,  pilosissima,  abdo- 
minis lateribus  densissime  floccosis,  fascicule  apicali  longo,  alis  anticis 
cinereo  variis,  nigro  subconspersis,  lituris  basalibus  pimctisque  mar- 
ginalibus  nigris,  lunula  discali  alba,  plaga  maxima  fusca  uigro  margi- 
nata,  margiae  interiore  pilis  longissimis  fimbriate,  alis  posticis  mar- 
gine  exteriore  cinereo. 

Male.  Fawn-colour,  very  pilose.  Palpi  ascending  a  little  higher  than 
the  vertex;  3rd  joint  about  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antenna; 
very  distinctly  setulose  and  pubescent.  Abdomen  very  densely  floc- 
cose  along  each  side  ;  apical  tuft  long.  Fore  wings  partly  cinereous, 
thinly  and  irregularly  black-speckled ;  a  very  large  brown  black- 
bordered  patch,  which  is  dilated  hindward  towards  the  base,  and  ex- 
tends to  the  interior  border,  but  not  to  the  costa;  some  black  marks 
of  various  size  towards  the  base ;  a  white  discal  lunule  ;  marginal  points 
black ;  interior  border  fringed  with  very  long  hairs.  Hind  wings 
cinereous  along  the  exterior  border.  Length  of  the  body  7  lines  ;  of 
the  wings  16  lines. 


"&■- 


Gen.  Steieia,  Walk. 

384.  Steiria  signifera.  Walk.  Cat.  Lep.  3rd  ser.  1136. 

385.  Steiria  trajiciens.  Walk.  Cat.  Lep.  3rd  ser.  1 137- 
Inhabits  also  Ceylon. 

386.  Steiria  FEKRiFERA,n.  s.  Fcem.  Ferruginea,  thorace  linea  trans- 
versa interrupta  nigra,  alis  anticis  lineis  fuscis  undulatis  indistinctis, 
linea  media  nigra  vix  undulata,  reniformi  nigro  notata  et  marginata, 
spatio  marginali  pallido  lineis  difiiisis  nigricantibus,  alis  posticis  cine- 
reo-hyalinis  fusco  latissime  marginatis. 

Female.  Ferruginous.  Third  joint  of  the  palpi  less  than  half  the  length 
of  the  2nd.  Thorax  with  an  interrupted  transverse  black  line.  Ab- 
domen and  underside  cinereous.  Fore  wings  with  some  indistinct 
transverse  undulating  brown  lines ;  middle  line  black,  hardly  undula- 
ting, very  near  the  reniform  mark,  which  is  bordered  and  pupilled 
with  black ;  exterior  part  mostly  cinereous  or  whitish,  with  diffuse 
transverse  blackish  lines;  marginal  points  black.  Hind  wings  cine- 
reous hyaline,  iridescent,  with  very  broad  dark  brown  borders ;  fringe 
cinereous.     Length  of  the  body  9  lines  ;  of  the  wings  20  lines. 

387.  Steiria  repleta,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Ferruginea,  thorace  fascia  antica 
nigra,  alis  anticis  lituris  plurimis  nigris  transversis  interruptis  angu- 
latis,  macula  basali  nigra,  reniformi  viridescente  nigro  marginata,  alis 
posticis  cinereo-hyalinis  fusco  late  marginatis. 

Female.     Ferruginous.     Thorax  with  a  black  band  in  front.     Abdomen 


174      MK.  F.  WALKEK  ON  llETEEOCEROUS  LEPIDOPTERA 

and  underside  cinereous.  Fore  wings  with  numerous  transverse  more 
or  less  interrupted  and  angular  black  marks  ;  a  black  discal  spot  near 
the  base  ;  reniform  mark  greenish,  elongated,  oblique,  black-bordered. 
Hind  wings  cinereous  hyaline,  with  a  broad  brown  border.  Length 
of  the  body  7  lines ;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

388.  Steiria  humeralis,  n.  s.  Fam.  Cinerea,  capite  thoraceque 
antico  cervinis,  alis  anticis  ferrugineis,  spatio  exteriore  cinereo  fasciam 
nigricantera  interruptam  includente,  reniformi  nigro  marginata,  vitta 
costali  basali  albida,  alis  posticis  cinereo-hyalinis  fusco  late  marginatis. 

Female.  Cinereous.  Head  and  fore  part  of  the  thorax  fawn-colour. 
Third  joint  of  the  palpi  almost  as  long  as  the  2nd.  Fore  wings  fer- 
ruginous, except  for  about  one-third  of  the  surface  from  the  exterior 
border  ;  the  cinereous  part  is  traversed  by  an  irregular  and  interrupted 
blackish  band,  and  is  much  narrower  towards  the  costa,  where  it  con- 
tains an  interrupted  black  longitudinal  line ;  reniform  mark  black- 
bordered,  partly  included  in  the  cinereous  part ;  a  whitish  stripe  along 
the  basal  part  of  the  costa ;  marginal  lunules  black.  Hind  wings 
cinereous  hyaline,  with  a  broad  brown  border.  Length  of  the  body 
7  lines;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

389.  Steiria  albistriga,  n.  s.  Mas.  Ferrugineo-fusca,  abdomine 
longo  basi  albido,  alis  anticis  nigricante  strigatis,  linea  exteriore  nigra 
undulata,  reniformi  ex  parte  nigra  strigaque  discali  alba  contiguis,  alis 
posticis  albis  subhyalinis  fusco  latissime  marginatis. 

Male.  Ferruginous  brown.  Third  joint  of  the  palpi  hardly  half  the 
length  of  the  2nd.  Abdomen  seneous  brown,  vthitish  towards  the 
base,  extending  much  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Fore  wings  with 
blackish  streaks,  and  with  a  black  undulating  transverse  exterior  line ; 
a  white  streak  in  the  disk  by  the  reniform  mark,  which  is  partly  black  ; 
marginal  lunules  black.  Hind  wings  white,  slightly  hyaline,  with  a 
very  broad  seneous-brown  border.  Length  of  the  body  5^  lines ;  of 
the  wings  12  lines. 

390.  Steiria  ^quilinea,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Fusca,  abdomine  alas  posticas 
perpauUo  superante,  alis  anticis  lineis  nonnuUis  denticulatis  obscure 
fuscis  subobliquis  pallido  marginatis,  orbiculari  et  reniformi  indi- 
stinctis,  alis  posticis  obscure  fuscis. 

Female.  Brown.  Palpi  obliquely  ascending ;  3rd  joint  hardly  half  the 
length  of  the  2nd.  Abdomen  extending  very  little  beyond  the  hind 
wings.  Legs  stout ;  spurs  long.  Fore  wings  with  several  denticu- 
lated, parallel,  slightly  oblique  dark  brown,  mostly  buff-bordered  lines ; 
marginal  line  dark  brown,  buff-bordered  on  the  inner  side,  and  with 
buff  points ;  orbicular  and  reniform  marks  indistinct.  Hind  wings 
dark  brown.     Length  of  the  body  5  lines ;  of  the  wings  14  lines. 

G-eu.  Speesaea,  n.  g. 
Mas.     Corpus  robustum.      Proboscis  cons))icua.      Palpi  asccndentes, 


COLLECTED  AT  SAHAWAK.  175 

verticem  non  superantes;  articulus  2"s  securiformis,  latissimus;  3"* 
securiformis,  minimus.  Antennts  longissimac,  dimidio  basali  subser- 
rato  subpubesceute.  ^ic?ome?i  longissimum.  PecZes  breves,  femoribus 
tibiisque  fimbriatis,  calcaribus  quatuor  longis.  Ales  pei'angustfe,  apice 
rotiindatae. 

Male.  Body  robust.  Frontal  tuft  prominent.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi 
ascending,  not  rising  so  high  as  the  vertex  ;  2nd  joint  securiform,  very 
broad ;  3rd  securiform,  very  minute.  Antenna;  very  long,  very  mi- 
nutely serrated  and  pubescent  for  half  the  length  from  the  base.  Ab- 
domen tapering,  very  long,  extending  for  more  than  half  its  length 
beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  short ;  femora  and  tibia;  fringed  with 
long  hairs ;  hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings  very  narrow. 
Fore  wings  rounded  at  the  tips ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  slightly 
convex,  extremely  oblique. 

Allied  to  ^gilia. 

391.  Spersara  glaucopoides,  n.  s.  Mas.  Fusca,  abdomine  subtus 
trilineato,  alis  linea  submarginali  albida  testacea  denticulata  inform! 
interrupta,  alis  anticis  purpureo  tinctis,  lineis  transversis  subobsoletis, 
orbiculari  et  reniformi  nigris. 

Male.  Brown,  mostly  cinereous  beneath.  Abdomen  beneath  with  three 
paler  lines.  Wings  with  an  irregular  and  interrupted  denticulated 
whitish  testaceous  submarginal  line,  which  is  most  complete  in  the 
hind  wings  ;  marginal  points  black.  Fore  wings  tinged  with  purple ; 
transverse  lines  almost  obsolete  ;  orbicular  and  reniform  marks  black, 
the  former  punctiform,  the  latter  forming  an  oblong  ringlet.  Length 
of  the  body  10  lines ;  of  the  wings  20  lines. 

Gren.  MiNiCA,  Walk. 

392.  MiNiCA  SEMiALBA,  n.  s.  F(Km.  Albida,  capite  thoraeeque  antico 
ferrugineo-fuscis,  alis  anticis  lineis  olivaceis  undulatis  indistiuctis  in- 
terruptis,  vittula  apud  angulum  interiorem  plaga  basali  plagaque  sub- 
apicali  ferrugineis  nigro  strigatis,  ]daga  discali  maxima  purpureo-fusca, 
alis  posticis  subhyalinis  fusco  latissime  marginatis..  Mas  alis  anticis 
plaga  discali  subobsoleta. 

Female.  Whitish.  Head  and  fore  part  of  the  thorax  ferruginous  brown. 
Third  joint  of  the  palpi  much  shorter  than  the  2nd.  Fore  wings  with 
transverse  undulating,  indistinct  and  incomplete  olive-green  lines ;  a 
short  stripe  by  the  interior  angle,  a  patch  near  the  tip  of  the  costa, 
and  another  patch  at  the  base  of  the  costa  ferruginous,  black-streaked  ; 
a  very  large  purplish-brown  discal  patch  including  the  discal  mark, 
and  bounded  by  two  black  lines,  the  outer  line  much  broader  than 
the  inner  line  and  somewhat  macular ;  marginal  lunules  black.  Hind 
wings  iridescent,  almost  hyaline,  very  broadly  bordered  with  brown ; 
marginal  lunules  blackish ;  fringe  whitish.  Male.  Fore  wings  wholly 
tinged  with  olive-green  ;  basal  patch  very  small ;  discal  patch  almost 


176  ME.  r.  WALKER  ON  HETEKOCEEOUS  LEPIDOPTEEA 

obsolete ;    the   line   along  its   outer   side    more   distinctly  macular. 
Length  of  the  body  8  lines ;  of  the  wings  20  lines. 

393.  MiNiCA  NIGRILINEA,  n.  s.  ¥(£771.  Cinerea,  capitc  thoraccquc  au- 
tico  cervinis,  alis  anticis  dimidio  basali  cerviuo  lineam  nigram  inclu- 
dente,  dimidio  exteriore  lineis  nonnuUis  denticulatis  fuscis  fasciaque 
interrupta  cervina,  alis  posticis  subhyalinis  fusco  latissime  marginatis. 

Female.  Cinereous.  Head,  fore  part  of  the  thorax,  and  fore  wings  for 
nearly  half  the  surface  from  the  base,  bright  fawn-colour.  Third  joint 
of  the  palpi  nearly  as  long  as  the  2nd.  Fore  wings  with  a  black  line 
on  the  fawn-coloured  part,  which  is  bounded  by  a  bi'own  line ;  exterior 
part  with  slight  transverse  denticulated  brown  lines,  and  with  a  much 
interrupted  fawn-coloured  band ;  marginal  points  black.  Hind  wings 
iridescent,  almost  hyaline,  very  broadly  bordered  with  brown  ;  fringe 
whitish.     Length  of  the  body  7  lines;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

Gen.  Maceda,  Walk. 

394.  Maceda  mansueta.  Walk.  Cat.  Lep.  3rd  ser.  1141.  Var.  Calduba 
obtenta,  Walk.  Cat.  Lep.  3rd  ser.  1815. 

Inhabits  also  Ceylon. 

395.  Maceda  discalis,  n.  s.  Mas.  Cervina,  subtus  alba,  abdomine 
subcristato,  alis  anticis  lineis  tribus  fuscis  angulosis,  3*  guttulari,  litura 
basali  nigricante,  plaga  costali  cervina  nigricante  marginata  punctum 
nigrum  includente,  alis  posticis  fuscis  macula  magna  discali  albida 
semihyalina. 

Male.  Fawn-colour,  white  beneath.  Third  joint  of  the  palpi  conical, 
hardly  one-fourth  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  minutely  pu- 
bescent. Abdomen  brownish  cinereous,  slightly  crested.  Legs  white 
beneath  ;  tarsi  with  white  bands.  Fore  wings  with  three  more  or  less 
zigzag  brown  lines  ;  3rd  line  bent,  somewhat  guttular ;  blackish  mark 
on  the  base  of  the  interior  border ;  a  large  dark  fawn-coloured  patch 
adjoining  the  costa,  containing  a  black  point,  diiFusedly  blackish- 
bordered,  dentate  along  the  hind  part  of  its  outer  side.  Hind  wings 
brown,  with  a  large  whitish  semihyaline  discal  spot,  and  with  an 
elongated  white  mark  on  the  hind  part  of  the  exterior  border.  Length 
of  the  body  7  lines  ;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

Fam.  OPHIDERID.^,  Guen. 
Gen.  Ophideees,  Boisd. 

396.  Ophideres  fullouica,  Lirin.  Syst.  i.  2.  812.  16  (Phalajna  Noctua). 
Inhabits  also  West  Africa,  Hindostan,  Ceylon,  Australia,  Navigators' 

Islands,  and  New  Hebrides? 

Gen.  PnxLLODEs,  Boisd. 

397.  Phyllodes  semilinea,  n.  s.     Foem.  Cervina,  alis  anticis  lineis 
subobscurioribus  flexis  diffusis  indistinctis,  linealongitudinali  exteriore 


COLLECTED  AT  SARAWAK.  177 

fusca,  orbicular!  nigra  punctiformi,  reniformi  maxima  fusco  et  purpu- 
reo  margiuata,  plagis  duabus  subtus  obscure  fuscis,  alis  posticis  nigri- 
cantibus  luteo  fasciatis  cervino  marginatis. 
Female.  Fawn-colour.  Third  joint  of  the  palpi  capitate.  Knees  sil- 
very. Abdomen  extending  a  little  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Fore 
wings  with  some  indistinct,  diffuse,  more  or  less  bent,  slightly  darker 
lines,  and  with  a  straight  longitudinal  brown  line,  which  extends  from 
near  the  hind  end  of  the  reniform  mark  to  the  tips ;  orbicular  mark 
forming  a  black  point ;  reniform  mark  very  large,  elongate,  concave 
on  the  outer  side,  bordered  with  brown  and  with  purple ;  underside 
with  two  dark  brown  patches.  Hind  wings  blackish,  broadly  bordered 
with  fawn-colour,  and  containing  a  dentate  luteous  band,  which  on 
the  under  side  is  limited  to  a  luteous  black-bordered  patch.  Length 
of  the  body  16  lines  ;  of  the  wings  46  lines. 

Gen.  PoTAMOPHOKA,  GuSn. 

398.  Potamophora  Manlia,  Cram.  Pap.Exot.  i.  144,  pi.  92.  f.  A  (Pha- 
laena  Noctua). 

Inhabits  also  Hindostan,  Ceylon,  China,  Java,  and  the  Philippine  Islands. 
The  wing-markings  of  this  species  are  very  variable. 

399.  Potamophora  ferrifracta,  n.  s.  F(Bm.  Fusca,  alis  lineis 
tribus  nigris  angulatis  deviis  pallido  marginatis,  spatio  medio  pallido 
atorais  nigris,  macula  magna  pallida,  fascia  subtus  lata  informi  marga- 
ritacea,  alis  anticis  striga  lata  rufo-ferruginea  nigro  marginata,  alis 
posticis  litura  apud  angulum  interiorem  ferruginea  nigro  interlineata. 

Female.  Brown,  with  many  hoary  hairs.  Wings  with  three  very  irre- 
gular and  angular  black  lines,  which  are  bordered  with  cinereous  buff ; 
space  between  the  2nd  and  3rd  lines  of  the  same  pale  hue,  thickly 
speckled  with  black,  except  in  front ;  a  large  pale  spot  resting  on  a 
streak,  which  connects  the  2nd  line  with  the  1st;  under  side  with  a 
broad  very  irregular  pearly  white  band.  Fore  wings  with  a  broad, 
reddish-ferruginous,  partly  black-bordered  zigzag  streak,  which  ex- 
tends from  the  tips  to  the  3rd  transverse  line.  Hind  wings  with  a 
ferruginous  black-interlined  mark  by  the  interior  angle.  Length  of 
the  body  14  lines ;  of  the  wings  36  lines. 

Earn.  OMMATOPHOEID^,  Guen. 

Gen.  Ommatophoea,  GiiAn. 

400.  Ommatophora  luminosa.  Cram.  Pap.  Exot.  iii.  147,  pi.  274.  f.  D 
(Phalaena.) 

Inhabits  also  Java  and  the  Philippine  Islands. 

Gen.  Nyotipao,  Huhn. 

401.  Nyctipao  crepuscularis,  hinn.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  2.  2811.  13  (Phalsena 
Attacus). 

Inhabits  also  Hindostan  and  Java. 


178  ME.  p.  WALKER  ON  HETEROCEROUS  LEPIDOPTERA 

Gen.  Htpoptra,  Quen. 

402.  Hypopyra  vespertilio,  Fabr.  Ent.  iii.  2.  15.  23.  (Noctua). 
Inhabits  also  Hindostan,  Ceylon,  and  China. 

403.  Hypopyra  apicalis,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Pallide  cinereo-cervina,  alis 
nigro  subconspersis,  lineis  tribus  indistinctis  undulatis  cervinis,  linea 
guttulari  fusca,  linea  submarginali  cinerea  angulosa,  alis  anticis  apice 
fusceseeutibus. 

Female.  Pale  cinereous  fawn-colour.  Third  joint  of  the  palpi  rather  shorter 
than  the  2nd.  Wings  broad,  thinly  and  minutely  black-speckled,  with 
three  indistinct  undulating  fawn-coloured  lines,  and  with  one  line 
formed  of  brown  dots ;  submarginal  line  cinereous  zigzag ;  submar- 
ginal  points  black ;  under  side  with  one  straight  line  of  brown  dots. 
Fore  wings  brownish  at  the  tips.  Length  of  the  body  9  lines ;  of  the 
wings  24  lines. 

Fam.  BENDID^,  Guen. 

Gren.  HuLODES,  Guen. 

404.  Hulodes  saturnioides,  Guen.  Nod.  iii.  209.  1610. 
Inhabits  also  Hindostan. 

G-en.  CuLicuLA,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  compressi,  re- 
curvi,  verticem  superantes ;  articulus  3"'  lanceolatus,  subfimbriatus,  2' 
dimidio  non  longior.  Antennce  setulosjc,  pubescentes.  Thorax  cras- 
sus.  Abdomen  attenuatum,  alas  posticas  superans ;  fasciculus  apicalis 
compressus.  Pedes  validi,  subpilosi.  Alee  anticse  latae,  apice  rotun- 
datse,  costa  recta  basi  subdilatata,  margine  exteriore  recto  perobliquo. 

Male.  Body  stout.  Proboscis  moderately  long.  Palpi  much  com- 
pressed, recurved  over  the  back  of  the  head ;  3rd  joint  lanceolate, 
slightly  fringed,  about  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  setulose, 
pubescent.  Thorax  very  robust.  Abdomen  attenuated,  extending 
somewhaf  beyond  the  hind  wings;  apical  tuft  compressed.  Legs 
stout,  slightly  pilose  ;  hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings  broad. 
Fore  wings  rounded  at  the  tips  ;  costa  straight,  slightly  dilated  at  tlie 
base  ;  exterior  border  straight,  very  oblique. 

This  genus  is  allied  by  its  structure  to  some  of  the  Herminidce. 

405.  CuLicuLA  bimarginata,  n.  s.  Mas.  PalUde  cervina,  alis  spatio 
marginali  pallidiore,  fascia  submarginali  recta  obscure  fusca  extus  con- 
cisa  intus  diffusa,  lineis  interiore  et  exteriore  undulatis  valdo  indi- 
stinctis, lunula  subtus  discali  fusca,  alis  anticis  puncto  discali  fusco. 

Male.  Pale  fawn-colour,  with  a  cinereous  tinge  on  the  iraderside. 
Wings  with  a  straight  dark-brown  submarginal  band,  which  is  diffuse 
on  the  interior  side  and  concise  on  the  outer  side,  where  the  marginal 
space  is  paler  than  the  wings  elsewhere  ;  interior  and  exterior  lines 
undulating,  very  indistinct,  a  little  darker  than  the  ground-hue  ;  un- 


COLLECTED  AT  SAKAAVAK.  179 

derside  with  Ji  brown  disc.il  lunule.     Fore  wings  with  a  brown  discal 
point.     Length  of  the  body  10  lines ;  of  the  wings  20  lines. 

Fam.  OPHIUSID^,  Guen. 

Gen,  Laooptera,  Gicen. 

406.  Lagoptera  pallescens,  n.  s.  Mas.  PaUide  testaceo-cinerea, 
capite  palpisque  obscure  fuscis,  alis  anticis  nigro  conspersis,  lineis  in- 
teriore  et  exteriore  fuscescentibus,  I"  undulata,  2"  denticulata  antice 
flexa,  linea  media  minus  determinata  et  reniformi  nigro  conspersa  cer- 
vinis,  spatio  marginali  obscuriore  lineam  submarginalem  cineream  un- 
dulatara  includente,  alis  posticis  pallide  flavescentibus  margine  latis- 
simo  nigro. 

Male.  Pale  testaceous  cinereous.  Head  and  palpi  dark  brown.  Ab- 
domen and  underside  pale  yellowish.  Fore  wings  black-speckled,  with 
the  interior  and  exterior  lines  brownish,  the  1st  undulating,  the  2nd 
denticulated,  bent  in  front ;  middle  line  fawn-colour,  less  distinct ; 
space  beyond  the  exterior  line  darker  than  the  ground-hue,  including 
the  undulating  cinereous  subniarginal  line ;  reniform  mark  fawn-colour, 
thickly  speckled  with  black.  Hind  wings  pale  yellowish,  with  a  very 
broad  black  border,  which  becomes  narrower  towards  the  interior  angle. 
Length  of  the  body  16  lines;  of  the  wings  40  lines. 

Gen.  Ceebia,  Whlh. 

40/,  Cerbia  subolivacea,  n.  s.  Mas.  Pallide  olivaceo-cervina,  sub- 
tus  lutescenti-cervina,  abdomine  cristato,  alis  anticis  latis  nigro  con- 
spersis, lineis  nonnullis  denticulatis  nigris  ex  parte  nigro  nebulosis, 
alis  posticis  linea  exteriore  fasciaque  submarginali  nigricantibus. 

Male.  Pale  fawn-colour,  tinged  with  olive-green,  lutescent  fawn-colom* 
beneath.  Third  joint  of  the  palpi  a  little  shorter  than  the  2nd,  and 
less  than  half  its  breadth.  Antennae  stout,  thickly  setulose  and  pu- 
bescent. Thorax  very  robust.  Abdomen  crested,  not  extending  be- 
yond the  hind  wings.  Legs  stout ;  spurs  long.  Wings  broad,  with 
black  marginal  points.  Fore  wings  with  black  speckles,  and  with 
several  denticulated  black  lines,  some  of  which  are  partly  and  slightly 
shaded  with  black ;  underside,  and  both  surfaces  of  the  hind  wings, 
with  a  blackish  exterior  line  and  a  blackish  submarginal  band,  which 
is  broadest  in  the  hind  wings.  Length  of  the  body  9  lines ;  of  the 
wings  20  lines. 

Gen.  Ophisma,  Guen. 

408.  Ophisma  inversa.  Walk.  Cat.  Lep.  3rd  ser.  1384. 

409,  Ophisma  rubida,  n.  s.  Mas.  Saturate  rufa,  subtus  cervina,  alis 
anticis  costa  pallidiore  subcinei'ea,  lineis  duabus  postice  obsoletis,  fas- 
cia marginali  glauco-cana  extus  diffusa  intus  concisa,  punctis  duobus 


180  ON  HETEEOCEROTTS  LEPIDOPTERA  EEOM  SAUAWAK. 

discalibus,  1°  nigricaute,  2°  majore  albido,  alis  posticis  fuscis  fascia 
media  alba. 
Male.  Deep  dark  red,  fawn-colour  beneath.  Third  joint  of  the  palpi 
extremely  small.  Antennae  minutely  setulose  and  pubescent.  Abdo- 
men brown,  not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Fore  wings  paler, 
and  with  a  cinerous  tinge  along  the  costa ;  two  transverse  lines,  appa- 
rent only  in  the  fore  part  of  the  wing;  a  marginal  glaucous  hoary 
band,  concise  on  the  inner  side,  diifuse  on  the  outer  side,  where  it  is 
intersected  by  lunules  ;  two  discal  points,  one  blackish,  the  other  larger, 
whitish,  bordered  with  dark  red.  Hind  wings  brown,  with  a  white 
middle  band ;  exterior  border  slightly  marked  with  white ;  fringe 
cinei'eous.     Length  of  the  body  14  lines  ;  of  the  wings  32  lines. 

410,  Ophisma  velata,  n.  s.  Fosm.  Ciuereo-fusca,  subtus  ocbracea,  alis 
anticis  ferrugineis,  lineis  quatuor  nigricantibus,  1"  basali,  2*  recta  ex- 
tus  diffusa,  3*  undulata,  4*  serpentina,  linea  exteriore  e  punctis  elon- 
gatis  nigris  albido  notatis,  alis  posticis  subochraceis  fusco  bifasciatis. 

Female.  Cinereous  brown,  ochraceous  beneath.  Third  joint  of  the 
palpi  lanceolate,  about  one-third  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Wings 
broad ;  marginal  line  blackish,  undulating.  Fore  wings  ferruginous, 
with  four  blackish  lines;  1st  line  very  near  the  base;  2nd  straight, 
diffuse  on  the  outer  side  ;  3rd  undulating;  4th  most  deeply  meander- 
ing, with  a  whitish  mark  in  front,  and  having  beyond  it  a  line  of 
elongated  black  whitish-marked  points.  Hind  wings  dull  ochraceous, 
with  two  diffuse  brown  bands,  the  latter  very  broad.  Length  of  the 
body  8  lines ;  of  the  wings  20  lines. 

411.  Ophisma  lutea,  n.  s.  Mas,  Lutea,  capite  antico  fusco,  alis 
nigro  subconspersis  linea  obliqua  recta  ferruginea  intus  nigricante  et 
diffusa,  alis  anticis  litura  subcostali  nigra  lineisque  tribus  ochraceis 
transversis  costalibns. 

Male.  Luteous.  Head  in  front  and  palpi  brown.  Antennae  minutely 
setulose  and  pubescent.  Abdomen  paler  than  the  thorax,  extending 
a  little  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  rather  slender;  tarsi  long, 
spinose.  Wings  thinly  black-speckled,  paler  towards  the  iimer  side 
of  a  straight  ferruginous  line,  which  extends  from  the  tips  of  the  fore 
wings  to  the  interior  angle  of  the  hind  wings;  this  line  is  blackish  and 
diffuse  on  the  inner  side.  Fore  wings  with  a  black  subcostal  mark 
which  consists  of  a  point  and  of  an  irregular  lunule,  and  three  incipient 
ochraceous  lines  which  only  appear  by  the  costa.  Length  of  the  body 
12  lines  ;  of  the  wings  28  lines. 


ON  HETEEOCEROUS  LEPIDOPTEEA  EKOM  SA-RAWAK.  181 

Gen.  AcH^A,  Hubn. 

412.  AcH^A  ATRiviTTA,  n.  s.  Fam.  Fusca,  subtus  testaceo-cinerea» 
alis  anticis  chalybeo-ferrugineis,  linea  atra  recta  obliqua,  lineis  tribus 
nigris  deviis,  lituris  nonnuUis  testaceis,  alis  posticis  macula  discali 
alba,  fimbria  albo  binotata. 

Female.  Brown,  testaceous-cinereous  beneath.  Third  joint  of  the  palpi 
pale  with  a  blackish  band,  much  shorter  than  the  2nd,  and  less  than 
half  its  breadth.  Fore  wings  ferruginous  with  a  chalybeous  bloom, 
and  with  a  straight  somewhat  irregular  deep  black  line  which  extends 
from  the  base  to  a  little  in  front  of  the  interior  angle,  some  irregular 
testaceous  marks  here  and  there,  and  three  irregular  black  lines  ; 
marginal  festoon  black  ;  under  side  with  ahindward  dark  brown  stripe 
and  two  dark  brown  bands.  Hind  wings  with  a  white  discal  spot  j 
fringe  with  two  white  marks ;  under  side  with  a  brown  discal  lunule, 
with  a  zigzag  brown  line,  and  with  two  exterior  partly  connected 
bands.     Length  of  the  body  9  lines ;  of  the  wings  22  lines. 

413.  AcH^A  SEMiPALLTDA,  n.  s.  Mus.  Fusca,  alis  anticis  costa  mar- 
gineque  exteriore  albido-cervinis,  margine  interiore  fuscescente,  vitta 
obliqua  informi  nigra,  striga  apicali  lata  fusca  nigro  marginata,  lineis 
duabus  indistinctis  transversis,  orbiculari  et  reniformi  atris,  alis  pos- 
ticis albo  trimacuiatis,  fimbria  albo  binotata. 

Male.  Brown;  under  side  pale  cinereous  with  a  testaceous  tinge.  Abdo- 
men paler  than  the  thorax,  and  with  a  cinereous  tinge.  Wings  beneath 
with  markings  much  like  those  of  A.  atrivitta.  Fore  wings  whitish, 
fawn-colour  along  the  costa  and  about  the  exterior  border,  brownish 
along  the  interior  border,  with  a  black  irregular  stripe  which  extends 
from  the  base  to  a  little  in  front  of  tlie  interior  angle,  and  with  a  broad 
brown  irregularly  black-bordered  streak  along  the  apical  part  of  the 
costa  ;  two  irregular  indistinct  transverse  lines  ;  orbicular  and  reniform 
marks  deep  black,  the  former  punctiform,  the  latter  of  the  usual 
shape.  Hind  wings  with  three  white  spots,  and  with  two  white  marks 
on  the  fringe.     Length  of  the  body  9  lines ;  of  the  wings  22  lines. 

Nearly  allied  to  A.  signivitta. 

414.  AcHiBA  PURPUREILINEA,  n.  s.  Foem.  Cervina,  alis  anticis  strigis 
transversis  lineisque  tribus  fuscis,  linea  3*  duplicata  valde  arcuata, 
linea  submarginali  undulata  ex  parte  purpurea,  reniformi  pallida  albo 
marginata,  annulo  posteriore  oblongo  fusco,  alis  posticis  albido  tri- 
macuiatis, fimbria  albido  binotata. 

Female.  Fawn-colour.  Abdomen  cinereous  brown.  Wings  beneath 
much  like  those  of  the  two  preceding  species.  Fore  wings  with 
numerous  transverse  brown  streaks  which  are  partly  confluent  j  two 
interior  brown  lines  and  one  exterior  line  which  is  double  and  much 
curved;  submarginal  line  undulating,  purple  in  front  and  hindward  ; 
submarginal  points  black  ;  interior  border  cinereous,  tinged  with  pur- 
ple ;  orbicular  mark  punctiform  ;  reniform  pale,  white-bordered,  trans- 
LIHTN.  PEOO. — ZOOLO&T,  VOL.  VII.  16 


182  MK.  r.  WALKEE  ON  HETEKOCEROUS  LEPIDOPTERA 

versely  elliptical,  having  behind  it  a  longitudinally  oblong  brown  ring- 
let.     Hind  wings  brown,  with  three  whitish  spots,   and  with  two 
whitish  marks  on  the  fringe.     Length  of  the  body  10  lines ;  of  the 
wings  22  lines. 
Nearly  allied  to  A.  cyllota. 

415.  AcH^A  PULCHRiVENA,  n.  s.  FcEwi.  Fusca,  abdominis  scgmcntis 
albido  marginatis,  alis  anticis  ferrugineis,  lituris  nebulisque  nigris, 
linea  1®  basali,  2*  .3"que  duplicatis,  linea  submarginali  alba  denticulata, 
fimbria  albido  uninotata,  reniformi  ex  parte  albido  marginata>  venis 
chalybeis,  alis  posticis  albido  binotatis,  fimbria  albo  uninotata. 

Female.  Brown,  pale  beneath.  Abdominal  segments  with  whitish  fore 
borders.  "Wings  beneath  much  like  those  of  J.  atrivitta,  but  with  the 
brown  hue  more  prevalent.  Fore  wings  ferruginous,  partly  shaded  with 
black,  with  black  markings;  1st  line  basal ;  interior  and  exterior  lines 
double,  the  latter  much  curved  outward  ;  submarginal  line  white,  den- 
ticulated ;  fringe  with  a  whitish  mark  in  the  middle ;  orbicular  mark 
punctiform ;  reniform  partly  whitish-bordered ;  veins  mostly  chaly- 
beous.  Hind  wings  with  two  whitish  discal  marks,  and  with  a  white 
mark  on  the  fringe.  Length  of  the  body  8  lines ;  of  the  wings  18 
lines. 

Gen.  Ophiusa,  Ochs. 

416.  Ophiusa  fulvotsenia,  Gu^n.  Noct.  iii.  272,  1710. 
Inhabits  also  Hindostan,  Ceylon,  Sumatra,  and  Java. 

417.  Ophiusa  Joviana,  Cram.  Pap.  Exot.  iv.  237,  pi-  399.  f.  B  (Pha- 
laena  Noctua). 

Inhabits  also  Hindostan,  where  it  attains  a  larger  size. 

Gen.  Geammodes,  Ouen. 

418.  Grammodes  Mygdon,  Cram.  Pap.  Exot.  ii.  94,  pi.  156.  f.  G  (Pha- 
laena  Noctua). 

Inhabits  also  Hindostan,  Ceylon,  and  Java. 

Gen.  Crithote,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  sat  gracile.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  oblique  ascen- 
dentes,  verticem  non  superantes;  articulus  3"'  minimus.  AntenneB 
subpectinatse.  ^^c^owiewlongum,  alasposticas  paullo  superans.  Pedes 
longi,  graciles,  pilis  longissimis  dense  vestiti.  Alee  anticae  acutae, 
costa  recta,  margine  exteriore  recto  sat  obliquo;  posticse  costa  basi 
dilatata  apice  obliqua,  margine  interiore  pilis  longissimis  fimbriato. 

Male.  Body  rather  slender.  Frontal  tuft  prominent.  Proboscis  mo- 
derately long.  Palpi  obliquely  ascending,  not  rising  higher  than  the 
vertex  ;  3rd  joint  obtuse,  not  more  than  one-eighth  of  the  length  of 
the  2nd.  Antennae  slightly  pectinated.  Abdomen  long,  extending  a 
little  beyond  the  hind  wings.     Legs  long,  slender ;  posterior  femora 


COLLECTED  AT  SAEAWAK.  183 

and  tibiae  densely  clothed  with  extremely  long  hairs;  spurs  long. 
Wings  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  acute  ;  costa  straight ;  exte- 
rior border  straight,  rather  oblique,  Hind  wings  with  the  costa 
dilated  at  the  base,  oblique  towards  the  tip ;  interior  border  fringed 
with  very  long  hairs. 
This  genus  has  a  very  peculiar  structure,  and  does  not  associate  well 
with  any  of  the  described  families  of  the  Noctuites. 

419.  Crithote  horridipes,  n.  s.  Mas.  Obscure  fusca,  capite  tho- 
raceque  antico  nigricantibus,  abdomine  cinereo,  alis  anticis  basi  fus- 
cescenti-cinereis. 

Male.  Dark  brown.  Vertex  and  fore  part  of  the  thorax  blackish.  Ab- 
domen cinereous.  Legs  with  blackish  hairs.  Fore  wings  obliquely 
brownish  cinereous  at  the  base.  Hind  wings  a  little  paler  than  the 
fore  wings.     Length  of  the  body  71  lines;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

Fam.  REMIGIID^,  Guen. 

Gen.  Eemigia,  Guin. 

420.  Remigia  frugalis,  Fahr.  Ent.  Syst.  iii.  2.  138  (Noctua). 
Inhabits  also  West  Africa,  Hindostan,  Ceylon,  and  Java. 

421.  Remigia  Archesia,  Cram.  Pap.  Ewot.  iii.  145,  pi.  273.  f.  F,  G 
(Phalaena  Noctua). 

Inhabits  also  Sierra  Leone,  Hindostan,  China,  Ceylon,  and  Java. 

422.  Remigia  INTRACTA,  n.  s.  Mas.  Cinereo-cervina,  abdomine  api- 
cem  versus  compresso,  tibiis  dense  pilosis,  alis  lineis  undulatis  sub- 
obscurioribus  fere  obsoletis,  fascia  cinerea  lata  indistincta  subundulata. 

Male.  Cinereous  fawn-colour,  the  former  hue  more  prevalent  beneath. 
Palpi  ascending  much  higher  than  the  vertex  ;  3rd  joint  linear,  much 
shorter  than  the  2ncl.  Antennae  minutely  setulose.  Abdomen  towards 
the  tip  and  apical  tuft  compressed.  Tibiae  densely  pilose  ;  hairs  of 
the  fore  tibiae  much  shorter  than  those  of  the  posterior  tibiae.  Wings 
with  undulating  almost  obsolete  lines,  which  are  very  little  darker  than 
the  ground-hue;  a  broad,  cinereous,  indistinct,  slightly  undulating 
band  ;  marginal  points  black.  Length  of  the  body  7  hues  ;  of  the 
wings  16  lines. 

423.  Remigia  Zeta,  n.  s.  Mas.  Cervina,  subtus  pallide  cinerea,  fe- 
moribus  tibiisque  subfimbriatis,  alis  lineis  duabus  nigricantibus  difFusis 
indistinctis  albido  punctatis,  alis  anticis  striga  discaU  nigra  transversa 
undulata. 

Male.  Fawn-colour,  pale  cinereous  beneath.  Vertex  reddish.  Palpi 
dark  cinereous,  ascending  higher  than  the  vertex ;  3rd  joint  linear, 
obtuse  at  the  tip,  much  shorter  than  the  2nd.  Antennae  setulose  and 
pubescent.  Femora  and  tibiae  slightly  fringed.  Wings  ample  ;  in- 
terior and  exterior  lines  blackish,  diffuse,  indistinct,  accompanied  by 

.     15* 


ISi  ME.  F.  WALKEE  ON  HETEEOOEEOUS  LEPIDOPTEEA 

whitish  points  almost  obsolete  in  the  hind  wings;  marginal  points 
black.  Fore  wings  with  an  undulating  transverse  black  discal  streak  ; 
three  white  costal  subapical  points.  Length  of  the  body  8  lines  ;  of 
the  wings  17  lines. 

424.  Remigia?  bendioides,  n.  s.  Mas.  Pallide  cinerea,  abdomine 
lineari  fasciis  fuscescentibus  subtus  floccoso,  pedibus  validis,  alis  lineis 
quinque  fuscis  obliquis  subrectis,  macula  discali  fasciisque  duabus  sub- 
tus nigricantibus,  alis  anticis  litura  apicali  strigaque  postica  interrupta 
nigricantibus,  costa  lineisque  duabus  interioribus  testaceis. 

Male.  Pale  cinereous,  darker  beneath.  Head  testaceous.  Palpi  hardly 
curved,  rising  a  little  higher  than  the  vertex  ;  3rd  joint  lanceolate, 
pilose,  about  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  setulose,  pubes- 
cent. Abdomen  linear,  with  brownish  bands  ;  under  side  floccose. 
Legs  stout,  pilose.  Wings  ample,  with  five  oblique  almost  straight 
brown  lines  ;  marginal  points  black  ;  under  side  with  a  blackish  discal 
spot  and  two  blackish  bands.  Fore  wings  very  acute,  with  a  blackish 
apical  mark,  and  with  a  short  blackish  interrupted  streak  near  the  in- 
terior angle  ;  costa  and  two  interior  lines  testaceous ;  two  black  points 
in  a  line  on  the  disk.  Length  of  the  body  7  lines;  of  the  wings  16 
lines. 

Fam.  AMPHIGONIDiE,  Gu^n. 
Gen.  Amphigonia,  Guen. 

425.  Amphigonia  costistriga.  Obscure  rufescenti  fusca,  pectore 
albo,  tibiis  pilis  longissimis  dense  timbriatis,  alis  lineis  subobscuriori- 
bus  angulatis  valde  indistinctis,  alis  anticis  linea  recta  obliqua  obscure 
fusca,  costa  luteo-strigata,  reniformi  ochracea  albo  tripunctata. 

Dark  reddish  brown,  cinereous  brown  beneath.  Pectus  white.  Tibiae 
thickly  fringed  with  very  long  hairs.  Wings  ample ;  exterior  border 
distinctly  angular  in  the  middle ;  lines  angular,  very  indistinct,  a  little 
darker  than  the  ground-hue.  Fore  wings  acute,  with  a  straight  dark 
brown  line  which  extends  from  near  the  tip  of  the  costa  to  the  interior 
angle ;  costa  with  luteous  streaks  ;  reniform  mark  ochraceous,  with 
three  white  points.  Length  of  the  body  7  ?  lines ;  of  the  wings  20 
lines. 

Fam.  THEEMESIDiE,  Guen. 

Gen.  Sympis,  Gu^n. 

426.  Sympis  rufibasis,  Guen.  Noct.  iii.  344,  1809. 
Inhabits  also  Hindostan,  Sumatra,  and  .Java. 

Gen.  Theemesia,  Huhn. 

427.  Thermesia  finipalpis.  Walk.  Cat.  Lep.  3rd  ser.  1574. 
Inhabits  also  Ceylon. 

428.  Thebmesia  antecedens,  n.  s.     Laete  ochracea,  alis  luteo  variis 


I 


J 


COLLECTED  AT  SA-EAWAK.  185 

nigro  subconspersis,  linea  media  nigra  recta,  lineis  aliis  nigricantibus 
angulosis  indistinctis,  alis  anticis  fuscescenti-cinereo  nebulosis,  orbi- 
cular! e  puncto  nigro. 

Bright  ochraceous,  dull  pale  luteous  beneath.  Third  joint  of  the  palpi 
lanceolate,  hardly  one-third  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Wings  mot- 
tled with  luteous,  and  slightly  speckled  with  black  ;  middle  line  black, 
straight,  oblique  ;  the  other  lines  blackish,  zigzag,  indistinct ;  exterior 
line  with  black  points  ;  submarginal  points  black.  Fore  wings  partly 
shaded  with  brownish  cinereous  ;  orbicular  mark  represented  by  a 
black  point.     Length  of  the  body  6  lines;    of  the  wings  16  lines. 

Closely  allied  to  T.  svbrutilans. 

429.  Thermesia  metagona,  n.  s.  Mas.  Ferruginea,  pedibus  nigro 
punctatis,  alis  obscure  ochraceis,  lineis  interiore  et  exteriore  ferrugi- 
neis  subrectis  apud  costam  retractis,  linea  submarginali  nigra  den- 
ticulata,  alis  anticis  margine  exteriore  vix  flexo,  alis  posticis  stiigalata 
postica  schistacea  nigro  marginata. 

Male.  Ferruginous,  much  paler  beneath.  Palpi  slightly  curved,  ascend- 
ing much  higher  than  the  vertex ;  3rd  joint  lanceolate,  a  little  shorter 
than  the  2nd.  Antennae  setulose.  Legs  with  a  few  black  points. 
Wings  dull  dark  ochraceous,  mostly  luteous  beneath  ;  interior  and 
exterior  lines  ferruginous,  oblique,  nearly  straight,  retracted  towards 
the  costa  of  the  fore  wings;  submarginal  line  black,  denticulated, 
distinguished  by  points  in  the  hind  wings,  accompimied  by  white 
points  towards  the  costa  of  the  fore  wings.  Fore  wings  rectangular 
at  the  tips ;  exterior  border  hardly  bent.  Hind  wings  with  the  ex- 
terior line  terminating  in  a  broad,  slaty,  blackish-bordered  streak. 
Length  of  the  body  7  lines;  of  "the  wings  16  lines. 

430.  Thermesia  discontenta,  n.  s.  Mas.  Ferrugineo-rufa,  abdo- 
mine  alas  posticas  superante,  alis  latis  cinereo  suffusis,  lineis  ferrugi- 
neis  undulatis  indistinctis,  alis  anticis  subfalcatis,  margine  exteriore 
medio  subconvexo. 

Male.  Ferruginous  red,  with  a  cinereous  tinge  beneath.  Third  joint 
of  the  palpi  much  shorter  than  the  2nd.  AntennsE  minutely  setulose. 
Abdomen  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Wings  broad,  with  a 
cinereous  tinge  ;  lines  ferruginous,  undulating,  indistinct.  Fore  wings 
subfalcate  ;  exterior  border  slightly  convex  in  the  middle.  Length 
of  the  body  9  lines  ;  of  the  wings  18  lines. 

431.  Thermesia  noctinix,  n.  s.  Obscure  fusca,  tibiis  fimbriatis, 
alis  linea  exteriore  ciaereasubdenticulata,  linea  submarginali  subobso- 
leta,  alis  anticis  apice  rectangulatis,  linea  interiore  cinerea  denticulata 
indistincta,  orbiculari  et  reniformi  niveis,  litura  costali  alba. 

Dark  brown,  a  little  paler  beneath.  Palpi  curved,  ascending  much  higher 
than  the  vertex ;  2nd  joint  pilose ;  3rd  lanceolate,  very  slender,  as 
long  as  the  2nd.  Tibiae  fringed.  Wings  moderately  broad,  with  a 
cinereous  exterior  slightly  denticulated  line,  which  is  bent  towards 


186  ME.  F.  WALKEE  ON  HETEEOCEEOITS  LEFrBOPTEEA 

the  costa  of  the  fore  wings,  where  it  terminates  in  a  white  mark  ;  sub- 
marginal  line  nearly  obsolete.  Fore  wings  rectangular  at  the  tips, 
with  an  interior  indistinct  denticulated  cinereous  line  ;  orbicular  and 
reuiform  marks  pure  white,  the  former  small,  the  latter  large.  Length 
of  the  body  7  lines;  of  the  wings  18  lines. 

432.  Thermesia  Poaphiloides,  n.  s.  Mas.  Ceryina,  pedibus  non 
pilosis,  alis  lineis  media  et  exteriore  fuscescentibus  denticulatis  valde 
indistinctis,  linea  submarginali  pallide  cinerea  interrnpta,  alis  anticis 
linea  interiore  indistincta,  orbiculari  pallida  punctiformi,  reniformi  e 
punctis  duobus  nigris,  plaga  costali  magna  nigro-fusca. 

Male.  Dull  fawn-colour,  with  a  cinereous  tinge  beneath.  Palpi  slightly 
curved,  ascending  above  the  vertex  ;  2nd  joint  pilose ;  3rd  lanceolate, 
much  shorter  than  the  2nd.  Antennae  minutel)  aetulose.  Legs 
smooth.  Wings  moderately  broad,  with  the  middle  and  exterior  lines 
brownish,  denticulated,  very  indistinct ;  submarginal  line  interrupted, 
pale  cinereous,  accompanied  by  longitudinal  black  streaks,  entire  to- 
wards the  costa  of  the  fore  wings,  where  it  borders  the  large  costal 
subapical  blackish-brown  patch  ;  marginal  points  black.  Fore  wings 
acute,  with  an  interior  veiy  indistinct  line ;  orbicular  mark  pale, 
punctiform  ;  reniform  distinguished  by  two  transversely  placed  black 
points.     Length  of  the  body  /  hues  ;  of  the  wings  18  lines. 

433.  Thermesia?  CRASSiuscuLA,n.  s.  Fcem.  Pallide  ochracea,  tibiis 
subdilatatis  subfimbriatis,  alis  linea  recta  obliqua  ochracea  apud  cos- 
tam  retracta,  linea  exteriore  indistincta,  linea  submarginali  subobso- 
leta,  alis  anticis  linea  interiore  tenui  angulosa,  margine  exteriore  vix 
flexo. 

Female.  Pale  ochraceous,  stout.  Thorax  squamous.  Abdomen  not 
extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  stout ;  tibia;  slightly  dilated 
and  fringed ;  spurs  long.  Wings  with  a  straight  oblique  ochraceous 
line  which  is  abruptly  retracted  towards  the  costa  of  the  fore  wings, 
and  is  accompanied  on  the  outer  side  by  an  indistinct  line  which  is 
most  apparent  in  the  hind  wings  ;  submarginal  line  almost  obsolete. 
Fore  wings  rectangular  at  the  tips  ;  interior  line  slender,  zigzag;  ex- 
terior border  hardly  bent.  Length  of  the  body  4  lines  ;  of  the  wings 
18  lines. 

434.  Thermesia  ruficeps,  n.  s.  Mas.  Cinereo-cervina,  subtus  ru- 
fescens,  capite  thoraceque  antico  saturate  rufis,  alis  linea  pallida  recta 
obliqua  apud  costam  recurva,  hnea  interiore  denticulata  minus  deter- 
minata,  puncto  discali  punctisque  submarginalibus  nigris,  alis  anticis 
acutis  subfalcatis,  margine  exteriore  subangulato,  punctis  tribus  dis- 
calibus  fuscis. 

Male.  Fawn-colour  with  a  cinereous  tinge,  reddish  beneath.  Head 
and  fore  part  of  the  thorax  deep  red.  Antennae  minutely  setulose. 
Abdomen  not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings,  with  a  radiating  apical 
tuft.     Wings  with  a  pale,  straight,  oblique,  dark-bordered  hne  which 


^ 


COLLECTED  AT  SAEAWAK.  ISf 

is  recurved  towards  the  costa  of  the  fore  wings ;  interior  hne  like  the 
exterior  hne,  but  denticulated  and  less  distinct ;  discal  point  and  sub- 
marginal  points  black.  Fore  wings  acute,  subfalcate  ;  exterior  border 
slightly  angular  in  the  middle ;  discal  point  accompanied  by  three 
brown  points.     Length  of  the  body  3|  lines ;  of  the  wings  9  lines. 

435.  Thermesia  nigripalpis,  n.  s.  Fam.  Rufescenti-eervina,  ca- 
pite  nigricante,  palpis  porrectis  fimbriatis,  femoribus  tibiisque  fimbri- 
atis,  alis  latiusculis,  lineis  tribus  nigricantibus  denticulatis  albo  punc- 
tatis,  linea  submarginali  valde  interrupta,  alis  anticis  vix  acutis. 

Female.  Reddish  fawn-colour.  Head  and  palpi  blackish.  Palpi  por- 
rect,  fringed,  extending  beyond  the  head ;  3rd  joint  elongate-conical, 
less  than  half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Abdomen  not  extending  beyond 
the  hind  wings.  Legs  rather  slender  ;  femora  and  tibise  fringed  ;  hind 
tibiae  with  four  very  long  spurs.  Wings  rather  broad  ;  interior,  exte- 
rior, and  submarginal  lines  blackish,  denticulated,  white-pointed,  espe- 
cially diffuse  and  incomplete  in  the  hind  wings ;  submarginal  line  very 
incomplete  ;  marginal  points  black.  Fore  wings  hardly  acute  ;  costa 
straight ;  exterior  border  slightly  convex.  Length  of  the  body  4  lines ; 
of  the  wings  10  lines. 

436.  Thermesia  plagifera,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Pallide  cervina,  palpis  lon- 
gis  fimbriatis,  femoribus  tibiisque  fimbriatis,  alis  latis  breviusculis, 
atomis  lineisque  tribus  diffusis  denticulatis  punctisque  submarginalibus 
roseis,  fimbria  e  punctis  roseis  bilineata,  alis  anticis  costa  nigro  punc- 
tata, plaga  marginali  nigricante,  alis  posticis  plaga  subtus  apicali 
nigricante. 

Female.  Pale  fawn-colour.  Palpi  long,  fringed,  extending  far  beyond 
the  head ;  3rd  joint  lanceolate,  about  one-third  of  the  length  of  the 
2nd.  Abdomen  not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  mode- 
rately stout ;  femoi-a  and  tibiae  fringed  ;  hind  tibiae  with  four  very 
long  spurs.  Wings  broad,  rather  short,  rosy-speckled  and  with  three 
diffuse  denticulated  lines  of  the  same  hue  ;  submarginal  points  rosy, 
fringe  long,  with  two  rows  of  rosy-marked  points.  Fore  wings  rec- 
tangular at  the  tips,  with  two  blackish  white-marked  discal  points; 
costa  very  slightly  convex,  with  black  points ;  exterior  border  convex  ; 
under  side  with  a  very  large  blackish  patch  along  the  exterior  border 
hindward.  Hind  wings  with  a  large  blackish  apical  patch.  Length 
of  the  body  4^  lines ;  of  the  wings  1 1  lines. 

437.  Thermesia  sparsa,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Pallide  rosea,  capite  thorace- 
que  antico  obscure  ochraceis,  alis  breviusculis  latiusculis  nigro  sub- 
conspersis,  linea  exteriore  fusca  obliqua  subrecta  apud  costam  retracta, 
spatio  marginali  cervino,  linea  submarginali  e  lituris  elongatis  nigri- 
cantibus albido  punctatis,  alis  anticis  subfalcatis,  linea  interiore  an- 
gulosa,  margiue  exteriore  angulato. 

Female.  Pale  rosy  red.  Head  and  fore  part  of  the  thorax  dark  ochra- 
ceous.     Palpi  not  ascending  higher  than  the  vertex ;  3rd  joint  very 


188  MB.  r.  "WAIiKEE  Oir  HETEEOCEEOTTS  LEPIDOPTEEA 

short.  Abdomen  not  extending  beyond  the  liind  wings.  Legs  smooth. 
Wings  rather  short  and  broad,  thinly  black-speckled/  exterior  hne 
brown,  obHque,  nearly  straight,  retracted  towards  the  costa  of  the 
fore  wings ;  space  along  the  exterior  border  fawn-colour,  which  hue 
is  blended  with  the  ground-colour ;  submarginal  line  indicated  by 
elongated  blackish  marks  with  whitish  points ;  submarginal  points 
black.  Fore  wings  subfalcate ;  interior  line  zigzag,  a  little  darker 
than  the  ground -hue;  a  blackish  costal  spot,  accompanied  by  two 
black  dots ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  angular  in  the  middle. 
Length  of  the  body  3  lines  ;  of  the  wings  8  lines. 

Gen.  Capkodes,  Guen. 

438.  Capnodes  maculicosta.  Walk.  Cat.  Lep.  3rd  ser.  1608. 
Inhabits  also  Cevlon. 

439.  Capnodes  intractata,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Rufescenti-cervina,  albido 
suffusa,  capite  thoraceque  antico  ochraceis,  pectore,  ventre  pedibusque 
posterioribus  albis,  alis  latiusculis,  lineis  interiore  et  exteriore  fusces- 
centibus  undulatis  indistinctis,  linea  submarginali  vix  conspicua,  alis 
anticis  subfalcatis,  costa  albo  punctata. 

Female.  Reddish  fawn-colour,  mostly  suffused  with  a  whitish  hue. 
Head  and  fore  part  of  the  thorax  ochraceous.  Palpi  not  ascending 
higher  than  the  vertex  ;  3rd  joint  linear,  rather  obtuse  at  the  tip, 
about  one-third  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Abdomen  not  extending 
beyond  the  hind  wings.  Pectus,  under  side  of  the  abdomen,  and 
posterior  legs  white.  Spurs  long.  Wings  moderately  broad  ;  interior 
and  exterior  lines  brownish,  undulating,  indistinct ;  submarginal  line 
very  indeterminate ;  marginal  points  brown.  Fore  wings  acutely 
subfalcate;  costa  straight,  with  elongated  white  points;  exterior 
border  convex.     Length  of  the  body  3  lines  ;  of  the  wings  8|  lines. 

440.  Capnodes?  anomioides,  n.  s.  Mas.  Ferrugineo-rufa,  palpis 
verticem  longe  superantibus,  antennis  subpectinatis,  tibiis  et  tarsorum 
articulis  apice  albis,  alis  anticis  lineis  duabus  nigricantibus  dentatis 
indistinctis,  linea  submarginali  e  punctis  nigris,  punctis  duobus  dis- 
calibus  albis,  alis  posticis  aeneo-fuscis  fimbria  rufescente. 

Male.  Ferruginous  red,  mostly  cinereous  beneath.  Palpi  compressed, 
smooth,  erect,  rising  much  higher  than  the  vertex ;  3rd  joint  linear, 
rather  shorter  and  more  slender  than  the  2nd.  Antennae  slightly  pec- 
tinated. Abdomen  extending  a  little  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs 
stout,  smooth  ;  spurs  long  ;  tips  of  the  tibiae  and  of  the  joints  of  the 
tarsi  white.  Fore  wings  somewhat  paler  and  brighter  towards  the 
interior  angle  ;  interior  and  exterior  lines  blackish,  dentate,  indistinct; 
submarginal  line  composed  of  black  points,  of  which  two  or  three 
towards  the  costa  are  marked  with  white ;  two  white  discal  points. 
Hind  wings  aeneous  brown,  with  a  reddish  fringe.  Length  of  the 
body  8  hues ;  of  the  wings  18  lines. 


^ 


COLLECTED  AT  SAEAWAB:.  189 


Gen.  Selekis,  Guen. 


441.  Selenis  iEQUALis,  n.  s.  F(Em.  Cervina,  capite  thoraceque  an- 
tico  pallide  cervinis,  thorace  postico  et  abdominis  basi  albis,  alis  linea 
exteriore  subobscuriore  obliqua  subrecta  extus  cinereo  marginata  apud 
costam  retracta,  linea  submarginali  cinerea  undulata  indistincta,  alis 
anticis  acutis,  vitta  subcostali  lata  alba  roseo  conspersa. 

Female.  Fawn-colour,  with  a  cinereous  tinge  beneath.  Head  and  fore 
part  of  the  thorax  pale  fawn-colour.  Palpi  not  ascending  higher 
than  the  vertex  ;  3rd  joint  conical,  about  one-fourth  of  the  length  of 
the  2nd.  Thorax,  except  in  front,  and  base  of  the  abdomen  white. 
Wings  moderately  broad ;  exterior  line  oblique,  nearly  straight,  a 
little  darker  than  the  ground-hue,  bordered  with  cinereous  on  the 
outer  side,  retracted  towards  the  costa  of  the  fore  wings  ;  submargi- 
nal  line  cinereous,  undulating,  indistinct ;  marginal  points  black. 
Fore  wings  acute,  with  a  broad,  white,  rosy- speckled  subcostal  stripe, 
which  forms  a  continuous  line  with  the  white  part  of  the  thorax,  and 
contains  a  brown  subapical  dot.  Length  of  the  body  4  lines  ;  of  the 
wings  12  lines. 

442.  Selenis  vacillans,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Cervina,  thorace  postico  ab- 
dominisque  basi  albis,  alis  linea  exteriore  alba  obliqua  subrecta  apud 
costam  retracta,  linea  submarginali  cinerea  undulata  valde  indistincta, 
alis  anticis  acutis,  vitta  subcostali  lata  alba  cervino  conspersa  maculam 
subapicalem  fuscam  includente. 

Female.     Fawn-colour.     Thorax,  except  in  front,  and  base  of  the  abdo- 
men white.     Wings  moderately  broad ;  exterior  line  white,  oblique, 
nearly  straight,  acutely  retracted  towards  the  costa  of  the  fore  wings ; 
subraarginal   line    cinereous,   undulating,  very  indistinct ;    marginal 
points  black.     Fore  wings  acute,  with  a  broad,  white,  fawn  speckled 
subcostal  stripe,  which  contains  a  brown  subapical  spot,  and  is  exca- 
vated hindward  at  the  end.    Length  of  the  body  4  lines  ;  of  the  wings 
12  lines. 
This  species  closely  resembles  S.  eequalis,  and  forms  the  transition  be- 
tween it  and  S.  incequalis ;  it  may  be  distinguished  by  the  subcostal  stripe, 
which  is  less  regular  in  its  outline,  by  the  exterior  line,  which  is  obsolete  in 
the  hind  wings,  and  by  a  blackish  spot  near  the  interior  angle  of  the  hind 
wings. 

443.  Selenis  in^qualis,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Ochraceo-cervina,  thorace 
postico  abdominisque  basi  albidis,  alis  linea  exteriore  subobscuriore 
subundulata  costam  versus  albo  marginata,  linea  submarginali  e  punc- 
tis  nigricantibus,  alis  anticis  vitta  subcostali  lata  albida  purpurascenti- 
rufo  conspersa,  maculas  duas  fuscas  subapicales  includente. 

Female.  Ochraceous  fawn-colour.  Palpi  stouter  than  those  of  the  two 
preceding  species,  rising  a  little  higher  than  tl.e  vertex.  Thorax,  ex- 
cept in  front,  and  base  of  the  abdomen  whitish.     Wings  moderately 


190  MB.  F.  WALKER  ON  HETEEOCEKOUS  LEPIDOPTEEA 

broad  ;  exterior  line  slightly  undulating,  a  little  darker  than  the  ground- 
hue,  bordered  with  white  towards  the  costa  of  the  fore  wings ;  sub- 
marginal  line  indicated  by  blackish  points ;  marginal  points  blackish, 
white-bordered  towards  the  costa  of  the  fore  wings.  Fore  wings  acute, 
with  a  broad  whitish  subcostal  stripe,  which  is  thickly  speckled  with 
dark  purphsh  red,  and  contains  two  brown  subapical  spots,  and  is 
most  irregular  towards  its  tip,  where  it  is  accompanied  by  a  white 
streak,  whose  exterior  half  is  testaceous.  Length  of  the  body  4  hues ; 
of  the  wings  12  lines. 

Gen.  Talaeiga,  WalJc. 

444.  Talariga  eapacior.  Walk.  Cat.  Lep.  3rd  ser.  1634. 
Inhabits  also  Sumatra. 

Gen.  GiN^A,  Walk. 

445.  GiN^A  PECTORALis,  n.  s.  Foem.  Cervina,  pectore  niveo,  pedi- 
bus  niveo  variis,  alis  lineis  interiore  et  exteriore  nigricantibus  angu- 
losis,  linea  media  fusca  recta  apud  costam  flexa,  alis  anticis  linea  basali 
angulosa  nigricante,  linea  submarginali  pallida  lata  subundulata,  li- 
tura  costali  alba. 

Female.  Fawn-colour.  Palpi  vertical,  hardly  rising  higher  than  the 
head ;  3rd  joint  extremely  minute.  Legs,  partly,  and  pectus  pure  white. 
Wings  ample  ;  interior  and  exterior  lines  blackish,  zigzag  ;  middle  line 
less  distinct,  brown,  oblique,  and  straight,  except  towards  the  costa  of 
the  fore  wings  ;  fringe  dark  brown.  Fore  wings  hardly  falcate,  with  a 
blackish  zigzag  basal  line ;  exterior  line  terminating  in  a  white  costal 
mark  ;  submarginal  line  broad,  slightly  undulating,  a  little  paler  than 
the  ground-hue.     Length  of  the  body  9  ?  lines  ;  of  the  wings  24  lines. 

Gen.  Daona,  n.  g. 

Fam.  Corpus  sat  robustum.  ProJosm  brevis.  PaZpi  compressi,  ver- 
ticem  longe  superantes;  articulus  2"*  obliquus,  subfimbriatus ;  3"» 
erectus,  2°  non  brevior.  Antennce  glabrae.  Abdomen  alas  posticus 
non  superans.  Pedes  laves ;  tibiae  posticze  apice  fimbriatae,  calcaribus 
quatuor  longissimis.  Ala  anticse  acutse,  costa  recta,  margine  exte- 
riore subconvexo  subobiiquo. 

Female.  Body  moderately  stout.  Proboscis  short.  Palpi  compressed, 
ascending  much  higher  than  the  vertex ;  2nd  joint  oblique,  slightly 
fringed;  3rd  erect,  as  long  as  the  2nd.  Antennae  bare.  Abdomen 
not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  smooth,  moderately 
stout ;  hind  tibiae  fringed  towards  the  tips,  with  four  very  long  spurs. 
Wini's  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  acute;  costa  straight;  exterior 
border  slightly  convex  and  oblique. 

This  genus  has  some  affinity  to  the  Herminidte. 

446.  Daona  mansueta,  n.  s.     Fcem.  Pallidissime  cervina,   alis  sub- 
conspersis,  linea  exteriore  subobscuriore  subundulata,  margine  exte- 


COLLECTED  AT  SARAWAK.  191 

riore  fuscescente,  costa  subtus  rufeseente,  alls  anticis  fascia  cervina, 
linea  submarginali  fuscescente  subrecta,  punctis  duobus  discalibus 
nigris. 
Female.  Very  pale  fawn-colour.  Wings  slightly  speckled,  brownish 
along  the  exterior  border ;  marginal  festoon  blackish ;  exterior  line 
slightly  undulating,  a  little  darker  than  the  ground-hue;  underside 
pale  reddish  along  the  costa.  Fore  wings  with  a  slight  fawn-coloured 
band  along  the  inner  side  of  the  exterior  line ;  submarginal  line 
brownish,  nearly  straight  ;  marginal  points  black ;  two  black  discal 
points.     Length  of  the  body  3^  lines ;  of  the  wings  9  lines. 

Gen.  Yescisa,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  sat  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  compressi, 
verticem  pauUo  superantes ;  articulus  2"^  subfimbriatus  ;  3"*  conicus, 
minimus.  Antenna  vix  setulosae.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  non  supe- 
rans  ;  fasciculus  apicalis  minimus.  Pedes  sat  validi.  Alee  brevius- 
culse,  latiusculae,  margine  exteriore  subaugulato ;  anticae  acutae,  costa 
vix  convexa,  margine  exteriore  antico  inciso. 

Male.  Body  moderately  stout.  Frontal  tuft  prominent.  Proboscis 
distinct.  Palpi  compressed,  moderately  broad,  ascending  a  little 
higher  than  the  vertex  ;  2n(l  joint  slightly  fringed ;  3rd  conical,  not 
more  than  one-sixth  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennse  nearly  imper- 
ceptibly setulose.  Abdomen  not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings ; 
apical  tuft  very  small.  Legs  moderately  stout.  Wings  rather  short 
and  broad.  Fore  wings  acute  ;  costa  hardly  convex  ;  exterior  border 
slightly  angular  in  the  middle,  with  two  excavations  in  the  fore  part, 
rather  oblique  hindward.     Hind  wings  slightly  angular. 

447.  Vescisa  commoda,  n.  s.  Fam.  Pallide  cinerea,  aeneo-albido 
subtincta,  capite  thoraceque  antico  fuscis,  alis  linea  exteriore  fusces- 
cente informi  interrupta  apud  costam  flexa  et  dilatata,  lineis  duabus 
adhuc  exterioribus  e  punctis  nigricantibus,  linea  submarginali  denti- 
culata  pallide  cinerea  valde  indistincta,  alis  anticis  macula  costali  sub- 
apicali  ferruginea  nigricante  et  cinereo  notata,  alis  posticis  macula 
apud  angulum  interiorem  magna  nigra. 

Female.  Pale  cinereous,  with  a  slight  whitish  aeneous  tinge.  Head  and 
fore  part  of  the  thorax  brown.  Wings  with  the  exterior  line  brownish, 
irregular,  incomplete,  bent  and  dilated  towards  the  costa  ;  two  more 
exterior  lines  of  blackish  points ;  submarginal  line  pale  cinereous, 
denticulated,  very  indistinct;  marginal  points  brown.  Fore  wings 
with  elongated  black  costal  points,  and  with  a  ferruginous  costal  sub- 
apical  spot  which  is  marked  with  blackish  and  with  cinereous.  Hind 
wings  with  a  cluster  of  ferruginous  speckles  in  the  disk,  and  with  a 
large  black  spot  by  the  interior  angle.  Length  of  the  body  3^  lines ; 
of  the  wings  9  lines. 


192  ME.  F.  WALKER  OIT  HETEKOCEROtJS  LEPIDOPTEEA 

Gen.  Attsinza,  n.  g. 

Fcem.  Corpus  sat  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  porrecti, 
rostriformes,  caput  longe  superantes ;  articulus  2"^  supra  convexus ; 
3"'  minimus.  Antennce  graciles.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  nou  supe- 
rans.  Pedes  laeves.  Alee  breviusculae,  latiusculae;  anticse  acutae, 
costa  recta,  margine  exteriore  vix  flexo,  postice  obliquo. 

Female.  Body  rather  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  porrect,  rostri- 
form,  extending  much  beyond  the  head ;  2nd  joint  convex  above  ; 
3rd  extremely  minute.  Antennae  slender.  Abdomen  not  extending 
beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  smooth,  moderately  stout ;  spurs  long. 
Wings  rather  short  and  broad.  Fore  wings  acute;  costa  straight; 
exterior  border  hardly  bent,  oblique  hindward. 

448.  AusiNZA  iEauA,  n.  s.  Foem.  Cervina,  alisnigro  conspersis,  lineis 
interiore  et  exteriore  pallide  cinereis  rectis  obliquis  parallelis,  bnea 
submarginali  valde  indistincta,  punctis  marginalibus  pallidis. 

Female.  Fawn-colour,  paler  and  with  a  cinereous  tinge  beneath.  Wings 
minutely  black -speckled  ;  interior  and  exterior  lines  pale  cinereous, 
straight,  oblique,  parallel;  submarginal  line  very  indistinct ;  marginal 
points  black  ;  marginal  line  pale.  Length  of  the  body  2^  lines ;  of 
the  wings  7  lines. 

Gen.  AsTTGisA,  n.  g. 

Mas.  CorjoMS  sat  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  PaZpi  validi,  caput 
pauUo  superantes  ;  articulus  2"'  oblique  ascendens  ;  3"'  conicus,  par- 
vus. AntenncB  pectinatae,  apices  versus  simplices.  Pedes  laeves,  sat 
graciles,  calcaribus  longissimis.  Alee  anticae  amplae,  acutae,  costa 
niargineque  exteriore  subconvexis ;  posticae  abdomen  superantes,  an  - 
gulo  interiore  producto. 

Male.  Body  moderately  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  stout,  ex- 
tending a  little  beyond  the  head ;  2nd  joint  obliquely  ascending  ;  3rd 
conical,  porrect,  less  than  one-fourth  of  the  length  of  the  2nd.  An- 
tennae moderately  pectinated  to  much  beyond  half  the  length.  Legs 
smooth,  rather  slender  ;  spurs  very  long.  Wings  ample.  Fore  wings 
acute ;  costa  and  exterior  border  very  slightly  convex,  the  latter  mo- 
derately oblique.  Hind  wings  extending  beyond  the  abdomen;  in- 
terior angle  prominent. 

449.  AsTYGiSA  LARENTiATA,n.  s.  Mos.  Cinereo-fcrruginea,  alis lineis 
basali  et  interiore  obscurioribus  undnlatis,  lineis  exteriore  et  submar- 
ginali subundulatis,  alis  anticis  basi  plagaque  subapicali  lituraque  dis- 
cali  indistincta  ferrugineis,  alis  posticis  puncto  discali  albo. 

Male.  Ferruginous  with  a  cinereous  tinge,  the  latter  hue  more  preva- 
lent on  the  under  side.  Wings  with  the  basal  and  interior  lines  darker 
ferruginous,  undulating ;  exterior  and  submarginal  lines  almost  undu- 
lating.    Fore  wings  darker  and  with  fawn-coloured  streaks  along  the 


COLLECTED  AT  SARAWAK.  193 

costa  ;  a  ferruginous  subapical  patch  and  some  whitish  apical  marks  ; 
base  ferruginous  ;  interior  line  emitting  a  streak  to  the  disk  in  front ; 
an  indistinct  ferruginous  discal  mark.  Hind  wings  with  a  white  discal 
point.     Length  of  the  body  6  lines;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

450.  AsTYGiSA  METASPiLA,  n.  s.  Mas.  Rufescenti-fusca,  subtus  ci- 
nerea,  antennis  subpectinatis  apice  glabris,  alis  amplis  e  lituris  trans- 
versis  albidis  vix  bifasciatis,  alis  anticis  gutta  discali  rotunda  alba. 

Male.  Reddish  brown,  cinereous  beneath.  Palpi  slightly  ascending: 
3rd  joint  linear,  rounded  at  the  tip,  about  one-third  of  the  length  of 
the  2nd.  Antennae  slightly  pectinated  to  beyond  half  the  length. 
Legs  slender,  smooth.  Wings  ample,  with  transverse  whitish  speckles, 
which  are  most  prevalent  in  the  fore  wings,  especially  along  the  costa, 
and  form  two  irregular  bands.  Hind  wings  with  a  round  white  discal 
spot.     Length  of  the  body  5  lines  ;  of  the  wings  14  lines. 

Gen.  MtJEGiSA,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  vix  robustum.  Proboscis  couspicua.  Palpi  longi,  erecti, 
firabriati,  verticem  longe  superantes ;  articulus  3"*  lanceolatus,  2'  di- 
midio  non  lougior.  Antennce  pectinatae.  Abdomen  alas  posticas 
vix  superans.  Pedes  sat  graciles,  femoribus  tibiisque  subfimbriatis, 
calcaribus  longis.  Alee  amplae,  fimbria  subdeutata ;  anticse  acutae, 
costa  vix  convexa,  basi  fimliriata,  margine  e.\teriore  conve.xo  sat 
obliquo. 

Male.  Body  hardly  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  long,  erect, 
fringed,  ascending  high  above  the  head ;  3rd  joint  lanceolate,  about 
half  the  length  of  the  2nd.  Antennae  tnoderately  pectinated;  the 
branches  very  short  towards  the  tips.  Abdomen  hardly  extending 
beyond  the  hind  wings.  egs  rather  slender;  femora  and  tibiae 
slightly  fringed  ;  spurs  long.  Wings  ample  ;  fringe  slightly  notched. 
Fore  wings  acute ;  costa  hardly  convex,  fringed  towards  the  base ; 
exterior  border  convex,  rather  oblique. 

451.  MuRGXSA  oRGYOiDES,  u.  s.  Mos.  Obscurc  fusca,  palpis  nigri- 
cantibus,  alis  cinereo  subconspersis,  lineis  interiore  et  exteriore  cine- 
reis  denticulatis  albo  variis,  alis  anticis  macula  marginali  alba,  fimbria 
antica  albo  quadrinotata,  lunula  discali  nivea. 

Male.  Dark  brown.  Palpi  blackish.  Wings  minutely  and  indistinctly 
speckled  with  cinereous ;  interior  and  exterior  lines  cinereous,  den- 
ticulated, here  and  there  white  and  more  distinct.  Fore  wings  with 
a  large  white  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  exterior  border;  fore  part  of 
the  fringe  with  four  white  elongated  dots  ;  discal  lunule  pure  white. 
Length  of  the  body  6^  lines;  of  the  wings  15  lines. 

Gen.  Detounda,  n.  g. 

Fcem.  Corpus  sat  robustum.  Proboscis  valida.  Palpi  laeves,  suban- 
gulati,  verticem  non  superantes ;  articulus  3"'  longiconicus,  2'  dimidio 


194  ME.  F.  WALKEE  ON  HETEE0CEB0TT8  LEPIDOPTEEA 

non  longior.  Antennas  vix  setulosae.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  non  su- 
perans.  Pec?es  laeves;  calcaria  longissima.  ^Z«  anticae  latse,  rectan- 
gulatae,  costa  vix  convexa,  margine  exteriore  recto  vix  obliquo. 
Female.  Body  moderately  stout.  Proboscis  robust,  of  moderate  length. 
Palpi  smooth,  not  rising  higher  than  the  vertex  ;  2nd  joint  obliquely 
ascending ;  3rd  joint  elongate-conical,  more  porrect  than  the  2nd,  and 
about  half  its  length.  Antennae  hardly  setulose.  Abdomen  not  ex- 
tending beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  smooth  ;  spurs  very  long. 
Wings  broad.  Fore  wings  acutely  rectangular ;  costa  very  slightly 
convex ;  exterior  border  straight,  hardly  oblique. 

452.  Detounda  spurcata,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Pallide  subtestaceo-cinerea, 
capite  antico  fuscescente,  alis  anticis  nigro  conspersis,  lineis  duabus 
fuscesceutibus  indistinctis  interruptis,  alis  posticis  fuscescenti-cinereis 
lunula  discali  nigricante. 

Female.  Pale  cinereous  with  a  slight  testaceous  tinge.  Head  in  front 
and  palpi  brownish.  Fore  wings  with  irregular  black  speckles ;  in- 
terior and  exterior  lines  brownish,  very  indistinct  and  incomplete  j 
under  side  brownish  cinereous.  Hind  wings  brownish  cinereous,  with 
a  small  blackish  discal  lunule ;  under  side  pale  cinereous,  speckled 
with  black.     Length  of  the  body  5  lines;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

Gen.  Bagistana,  n.  g. 

Mas.  CorpMS  sat  robustum.  Pro6osm  conspicua.  Pa?pi  ascendentes, 
laeves,  graciles,  lineares ;  articulus  3"'  2°  non  brevior.  Antenna  sub- 
setulosae,  basi  subincrassatse.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  perpaullo  supe- 
rans  ;  fasciculus  apicalis  depressus.  Pedes  laeves,  sat  validi,  calca- 
ribus  longissimis.  Alas  latiusculae,  breviusculae  ;  anticae  apice  subro- 
tundatae,  costa  subconvexa,  margine  exteriore  recto,  margine  interiore 
fimbriato. 

Male.  Body  moderately  stout.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  ascending, 
smooth,  slender,  linear ;  3rd  joint  full  as  long  as  the  2nd.  Antennae 
minutely  setulose,  slightly  incrassated  near  the  base.  Abdomen  ex- 
tending very  little  beyond  the  hind  wings ;  apical  tuft  flat.  Legs 
smooth,  moderately  stout ;  spurs  very  long.  Wings  rather  broad  and 
short.  Fore  wings  slightly  rounded  at  the  tips;  costa  slightly  con- 
vex ;  exterior  border  straight,  moderately  oblique ;  interior  border 
fringed,  slightly  convt^x. 

453.  Bauistana  rudis,  n.  s.  Mas.  Pallide  testacea,  abdomine  apice 
subtus  nigro,  alis  anticis  fusco  subconspersis,  vitta  obliqua  nigricante, 
vitta  exteriore  nigricante  late  interrupta,  alis  posticis  albidis. 

Male.  Pale  testaceous.  Abdomen  black  at  the  tip  beneath.  Fore 
wings  indistinctly  speckled  with  brown  ;  a  blackish  oblique  stripe 
proceeding  from  the  base  of  the  costa  to  the  middle  of  the  interior 
border ;  a  more  irregular  and  widely  interrupted  blackish  stripe  pro- 
ceeding from  the  middle  of  the  costa  to  the  interior  rngle.  Hind 
wings  whitish.     Length  of  the  body  4  lines;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 


COLLECTED  AT  SARAWAK.  195 

Gen.  Dtjmatha,  n.  g. 

FcEm.  Corpus  sat  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  longi,  laeves, 
verticem  superantes ;  articulus  S"'  lanceolatus,  2°  non  bievior.  An- 
tennce  glabrae.  Abdomen  alas  posticas  non  superans.  Pedes  Iseves, 
sat  validi,  calcaribus  longissimis.  ^/ffibreviusculae,  latiusculae;  anticae 
apice  subrotundatae,  costa  et  margine  interiore  subconvexis,  margine 
exteriore  convexo. 

Female.  Body  moderately  stout.  Proboscis  of  moderate  length.  Palpi 
long,  smooth,  obliquely  ascending,  rising  higher  than  the  vertex;  3rd 
joint  lanceolate,  as  long  as  the  2nd.  Antennae  smooth.  Abdomen 
not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  smooth,  moderately 
stout ;  spurs  very  long.  Wings  rather  broad  and  short.  Fore  wings 
slightly  rounded  at  the  tips;  costa  and  interior  border  shghtly  con- 
vex ;  exterior  border  convex. 

This  genus  has  some  affinity  to  the  Tortricites. 

AbA.  DuMATHA  HERBiDA,  n.  s.  Fam.  Viridis,  corpore  subtus  albido, 
abdomine  alisque  posticis  fuscis,  alis  anticis  cinereo  variis,  lineis  dua- 
bus  albis  subundulatis,  fascia  obliqua  obscure  viridi,  guttis  nigrislinea- 
que  alba  submarginalibus,  costa  apicem  versus  margineque  exteriore 
subtus  rufescentibus. 

Female.  Grass-green.  Body  whitish  beneath.  Abdomen  and  hind 
wings  brown.  Fore  wings  varied  with  cinereous ;  interior  and  exte- 
rior lines  white,  slightly  undulating,  the  latter  intersecting  an  oblique 
dark  green  band ;  a  row  of  black  submarginal  dots,  mostly  accom- 
panied by  a  white  line ;  under  side  blackish  cinereous,  reddish  along 
the  exterior  part  of  the  costa  and  about  the  exterior  border.  Length 
of  the  body  4  lines;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

Gen.  Badiza,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  sat  gracile.  Proboscis  conspicua.  Palpi  longiusculi, 
compressi,  angulati,  fimbriati ;  articulus  3°'  lanceolatus,  2'  dimidio  non 
longior.  Antennee  pectinatae,  apud  medium  serratse  et  subincrassatae. 
Abdomen  longiusculum,  alas  posticas  pauUo  superans  ;  latera  subfas- 
ciculata.  Pedes  longiusculi,  sat  graciles,  femoribus  tibiisque  subfim- 
briatis,  calcaribus  longissimis.  Alee  amplae,  subdentatae ;  anticae  acutae, 
costa  recta,  margine  exteriore  postico  perobliquo. 

Male.  Body  rather  slender.  Proboscis  distinct.  Palpi  compressed, 
fringed,  rather  long ;  2nd  joint  obliquely  ascending;  3rd  lanceolate, 
porrect,  not  fringed  towards  the  tip,  about  half  the  length  of  the  2nd, 
with  which  it  forms  an  angle.  Antennae  pectinated ;  middle  part  ser- 
rated, slightly  incrassated ;  branches  slender,  not  long.  Abdomen 
rather  long,  extending  a  little  beyond  the  hind  wings ;  sides  slightly 
tufted ;  apical  tuft  small.  Legs  rather  long  and  slender ;  femora  and 
tibiae  slightly  fringed ;  spurs  very  long.  Wings  ample,  slightly  den- 
tate. Fore  wings  acute ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  very  oblique 
hindward. 


196  ME.  r.  WA-LKEE  OK  HETEEOCEEOTTS  LEPIDOPTEEA. 

455.  Badiza  ereboides,  n.  s.  Mas.  Fusca,  subtus  testaceo-cinerea, 
alis  subconspersis,  linea  exteriore  recta  obliqua  nigro-fusca  cinereo 
marginata  apud  costam  retracta,  linea  submarginali  cinerea  angulosa, 
alis  anticis  plaga  marginali  subapicali  cervina,  costa  apicali  nigricante, 
reniformi  e  macula  subcostali  nigricante. 

Male.  Brown,  testaceous  cinereous  beneath.  Wings  minutely  speckled  ; 
exterior  line  straight,  oblique,  blackish  brown,  cinereous-bordered, 
retracted  towards  the  costa  of  the  fore  wings;  submarginal  line 
cinereous,  zigzag ;  marginal  lunules  blackish  brown  ;  under  side  with 
the  interior,  exterior,  and  submarginal  lines  dentate,  the  1st  and 
2nd  brown,  the  3rd  cinereous,  broadly  bordered  with  brown.  Fore 
wings  with  a  subapical  fawn-coloured  patch  on  the  exterior  border ; 
tip  of  the  costa  blackish  ;  reuiform  mark  represented  by  a  blackish 
spot  near  the  costa.  Length  of  the  body  7i  lines ;  of  the  wings  15 
lines. 

Addenda  to  the  preceding/  Families. 

Fam.  LITHOSIID^,  Steph. 

Gren.  MiEOBEiGA,  n.  g. 

Mas.  Corpus  sat  robustum.  Proboscis  conspicua.  falpi  arcuati,  bre- 
ves, ad  frontera  applicati ;  articulus  .3"'  minimus.  Antenna  subsetu- 
losae.  Abdomen  lanceolatum,  basi  cristatum,  apice  compressum,  alas 
posticas  vix  superans.  Pedes  vix  pilosi,  calcaribus  longis.  Alee  an- 
ticse  elongatae,  apice  rotundatcE. 

Male.  Body  moderately  stout.  Probi)scis  distinct.  Palpi  curved, 
hardly  stout,  with  very  short  hairs,  applied  to  the  front,  not  ascending 
to  the  vertex ;  3rd  joint  very  minute.  Antennae  minutely  setulose. 
Vbdomen  lanceolate,  crested  towards  the  base,  slightly  compressed 
towards  the  tip,  hardly  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings  ;  apical 
tuft  very  small  and  compressed.  Legs  rather  stout,  nearly  bare; 
hind  tibiae  with  four  long  spurs.  Wings  elongate.  Fore  wings  some- 
what rounded  at  the  tips ;  costa  straight ;  exterior  border  slightly 
convex,  very  oblique. 

The  affinities  of  this  genus  are  doubtful,  and  it  hardly  seems  to  be  one 
of  the  Lithosiidce. 

456.  MiROBRiGA  puLCHRtviCTA,  n.  s.  Mas.  Ochracea,  abdomine 
albido-cinereo,  cristis  apiceque  ochraceis,  alis  luteo  variis  linea  media 
cinerea  dentata  diffusa,  linea  exteriore  interrupta  cupreo  conspersa, 
linea  submarginali  Isete  ochracea  subrecta  cupreo  liturata,  ahs  anticis 
cupreo  triguttatis. 

Male.  Ochraceous,  paler  beneath.  Abdomen  mostly  whitish  cinereous, 
except  the  tufts  and  the  tip.  Wings  partly  luteous ;  middle  line  dark 
cinereous,  dentate,  diffuse  ;  exterior  line  less  distinct,  interrupted, 
with  cupreous  speckles ;  submarginal  line  bright  ochraceous,  nearly 


COLLECTED   AT   SAEAWAE!.  197 

straight,  accompanied  by  little  clusters  of  cupreous  speckles;  mar- 
ginal points  black,  elongated  into  slender  streaks.  Fore  wings  with 
three  convex  cupreous  dots,  one  occupying  the  place  of  the  orbicular 
mark,  the  other  two  that  of  the  reniform.  Length  of  the  body  65 
lines  J  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

Fam.  NOTODONTID^,  Stepli. 

Gen.  Staukopus,  Germar. 

457.  Stauropus?  indeterminatus,  n.  s.  Mas.  Albido-cinereus, 
antennis  late  pectinatis,  abdomine  alas  posticas  paullo  superante  ; 
alls  anticis  nigro  subconspersis,  apice  subrotundatis,  lineis  tribus  fus- 
cescentibus  midulatis  indistinctis,  reniformi  ex  annulo  inteiTupto,  mar- 
gine  exteriore  perobliquo. 

Male.  Whitish  cinereous.  Antennae  broadly  pectinated.  Abdomen 
extending  a  little  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  moderately  stout, 
spurs  long.  Wings  moderately  broad.  Fore  wings  slightly  black- 
speckled,  slightly  rounded  at  the  tips ;  interior,  exterior,  and  subraar- 
ginal  lines  brownish,  undulating,  indistinct,  except  by  the  costa,  where 
there  are  other  brown  marks;  subraarginal  points  black;  reniform 
mark  represented  by  an  incomplete  ringlet ;  costa  straight ;  exterior 
border  very  oblique.  Length  of  the  body  7  lines;  of  the  wings  16 
lines. 

Gen.  Pelia,  n.  g. 

F(£m.  Corpus  sat  robustum.  Proboscis  gracilis.  Palpi  verticem  non 
attingentes ;  articulus  2"^  validus,  arcuatus ;  3"'  minimus.  An- 
tenncB  glabrae,  setacea;,  submoniliformes ;  articulus  1*^^  incrassatus. 
Abdomen  alas  posticas  non  superans.  Pedes  validi ;  tibiae  pilo:  ; 
calcaria  quatuor,  brevia.  Alee  anticaj  longae,  ampla;,  apice  rotundatae, 
costa  vix  convexa,  margine  exteriore  subconvexo  perobliquo. 

Female.  Body  moderately  stout.  Proboscis  slender.  Palpi  not  rising 
so  high  as  the  vertex;  2ud  joint  stout,  curved;  3rd  extremely  minute. 
Antennae  smooth,  setaceous,  submoniliform  ;  basal  joint  incrassated. 
Abdomen  not  extending  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Legs  stout ;  tibiae 
pilose;  hind  tibiae  with  four  short  spurs.  Wings  long,  ample.  Fore 
wings  rounded  at  the  tips ;  costa  hardly  convex ;  exterior  border 
slightly  convex,  very  oblique. 

458.  Felia  intermixta,  u.  s.  Foem.  Cervina,  nigro  et  cinereo  con- 
spersa,  abdominis  segraentis  nigro  marginatis,  alis  cinereis  nigro  con- 
spersis,  fasciis  duabus  cervinis  lineisque  duabus  nigris  undulatis,  alis 
anticis  macula  costali  cervina  nigro  notata,  alis  posticis  fascia  interiore 
nigro  diffuse  marginata. 

Female,  Fawn-colour,  speckled  with  black  and  with  cinereous,  cine- 
reous beneath.  Thorax  speckled  with  black.  Hind  borders  of  the 
abdominal  segments  black.     Wings  cinereous,  black-speckled,  with 

LINN,  PEOC. — ZOOLOar,  VOL.  vir.  16 


198        ME.  A.  ADAMS  ON  THE  MITEID^  OF  JAPAN. 

two  undulating  fawn-coloured  bands,  which  are  accompanied  by  black 
equally  undulating  lines;  marginal  line  black,  festooned.  Fore  wings 
with  an  intermediate  fawn-coloured  costal  black-marked  spot.  Hind 
wings  with  the  inner  band  diffusedly  black-bordered.  Length  of  the 
body  6  lines;  of  the  wings  18  lines. 


On  the  Species  of  Mitridce  found  in  the  Seas  of  Japan. 
By  Aethue  Adams,  E.L.S.,  &c. 

[Kead  Dec.  3,  1863.] 

The  shores  of  the  Japanese  Islands  which  are  washed  by  the 
Pacific  are  most  prolific  in  species  of  Mitridcs.  Towards  the  north, 
in  the  Sea  of  Japan,  I  met  with  no  member  of  the  family.  A  few 
new  species  are  here  described,  and  a  systematic  list  of  all  the 
species  which  were  actually  obtained  by  me  in  those  seas  is  given. 

Fam.  MITEIDJS. 

A.    MlTBIN^. 

1.  MiTEA,  Lam. 

1.  Mitra  impressa,  Anton,  Kuster.  Conch.  Cab.  pi.  14.  f.  6,  7;  B.ve.  sp. 
250. 

Hab.  Japan  (Siebold). 

2.  Mitra  floccata,  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  16. 
Hab.  Mososeki. 

3.  Mitra  sacerdotalis,  A.  Ad.  Proa,  Zool.  Soc.  1851,  p.  138. 
Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 

4.  Mitra  Japonica,  A.  Ad. 

■  M.  testa  turrito-fusiformi,  albida,  rufo  maculata  et  variegata,  spira  qua 
apertura  longiore ;  anfractibus  9,  convexis,  plicis  longitudinahbus 
confertis  lirisque  transversis  decussatis ;  apertura  angusta ;  labio  plicis 
quatuor  validis  obliquis  instnicto ;  labro  postice  subangulato,  margine 
in  medio  recto. 
Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 

The  decussation  of  the  small  longitudinal  plicae  and  transverse  lirae  give 
this  species  a  grauulai'  sui'face.  The  colour  is  dingy  white,  stained  and 
mottled  with  rufous. 

2.  ScABEicuLA,  Stoains. 

1.  Scabricula  scabricula,  L.     (Voluta  scabricula,  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  12. 
p.  1192. — Mitra  scabricula,  Rve.  sp.  35. — M.  granatina,  Z/om.) 
•    Hab,  Kino-0-Sima. 


MB.  A.  ADAMS  ON  THE  MITRID^  OF  JAPAN.        199 

2.  Scabrlcula  pretiosa,  Rve.    (Mitra  pretiosa,  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  116.) 
Hab.  Kuro-Sima. 

3.  Scabricula  asperulata,  A.  Ad.  (Mitra  asperulata,  A.  Ad.  Proc.  Zool. 
Soc.  1851,  p.  136. 

Hab.  Gotto,  71  fathoms. 

4.  Scabricula  puncto-lirata,  A.  Ad. 

5.  testa  fusiformi,  fulva ;  aufractibus  6,  planis,  transversim  liratis,  liris 
planatis,  regularibus,  sequalibus,  longitudinaliter  sulcatis,  interstitiis 
valde  punctatis,  sutixris  profuudis ;  apertura  angvista,  labio  plicis  tribus 
validis  obliquis  instructo,  labro  margine  intus  sulcato. 

Hab.  Gotto  Islands,  48  fathoms. 

A  small  fulvous  species  with  flat  lirate  whorls,  the  intervals  between  the 
lira;  being  very  coarsely  punctate. 

3.  Cancilla,  Swains. 

1.  Cancilla  circulata,  Kien.  (Mitra  circulata,  Kien.  Icon.  Coq.  viv.  pi.  5, 
f.  13. 

Hab.  Mino-Sima. 

2.  Cancilla  carnicolor,  Rve.  (Mitra  carnicolor,  Rve.  Concli.  Icon.  sp.  164. 
— M.  pura,  A.  Ad.  (blanched  specimens)  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  1851,  p.  136. 

Hab.  Tsu-Sima,  26  fathoms. 

3.  Cancilla  rosacea,  Rve.     (Mitra  rosacea,  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  321.) 
Hab.  Kuro-Sima,  51  fathoms. 

4.  Cancilla  straminea,  A.  Ad.  (Mitra  straminea,  A.  Ad.  Proc.  Zool.  Soc. 
1851,  p.  132.) 

Hab.  Seto-Uchi  (Mososeki). 

5.  Cancilla  Herklotsiana,  Dohrn.  (Mitra  Herklotsiana,  Dohrn,  Malak. 
Blatt.  1861.) 

Hab.  JaTpain  (Herklots). 

4.  MiTEEOLA,  Sioains. 

1.  Mitreola  ignobilis,  Rve.     (Mitra  ignobilis,  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  152. 
Hab.  Mososeki. 

5.  Steigatella,  Swains. 

1.  Strigatella  amphorella,  Lam.  (Mitra  amphorella,  Lam.  Hist.  Anim. 
s.  Vert.  vol.  vii.  p.  316;  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  85.) 

Hab,  Japan,  teste  Dunker. 

2.  Strigatella  scutulata,  Chemn.  (Voluta  scutulata,  Chemn. — Mitra  scu- 
tulata. Lam.  Hist.  vol.  vii.  p.  314  ;  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  82. — Voluta 
pica,  var.,  Chemn.) 

6.  Cylindea,  ScJmm. 

1.  Cylindra  undulosa,  Rve.    (Mitra  undulosa,  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  193.) 
Hab.  Kino-0-Sima.  • 

16* 


200  ME.  A.  ADAMS  ON  THE  MITEID^  OF  JAPAN. 

B.    TrKBicrLiNiE. 

1.    COSTELLAEIA,  SwaiuS. 

1.  Costellaria  cithara,  Rve,     (Mitra  cithara,  Rve,  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  248.) 
Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 

2.  Costellaria  militaris,  Rve.   (Mitra  militaris,  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  236.) 
Hab.  Fat-si-jeu,  25  fathoms. 

3.  Costellaria  zelotypa,  i?»e.  (Mitra  zelotypa,  i?w.  Conch.  Icon.  sj).  325.) 
Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 

4.  Costellaria  Sulueusis,  Ad.  4*  Rve.  (Mitra  Suluensls,  Ad.  ^-  Rve.  Moll. 
Voy.  Sam.  pi.  10.  f.  2/.) 

Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 

5.  Costellaria  semicostata,  Anton.  (Mitra  semicostata,  K'dster.  Conch,- 
Ca&.  pi.  14.  f.  20,  21.) 

Hab.  Mososeki. 

6.  Costellaria  cruentata,  Chemn.  (Voluta  ci-uentata,  Chemn.  Conch.-Cab. 
vol.  X.  p.  171,  tab.  151.  f.  1438-39. — Mitra  harpseformis.  Lam.) 

Hab.  Japan,  teste  Dunker. 

7.  Costellaria  pusilla,  A.  Ad.  (Mitra  pusilla,  A.  Ad.  Proc.  Zool,  Soc. 
1851,  p.  141.) 

Hab.  Gotto,  48  fathoms;  Uraga,  17  fathoms. 

8.  Costellaria  bellula,  A.  Ad,  (Mitra  bellula,  A.  Ad.  Proc.  Zool.  Soc. 
1851,  p.  138.) 

Hab.  Gotto,  48  fathoms. 

9.  Costellaria  Collinsoni,  A.  Ad. 

C.  testa  turrito-fusiformi,  castanea,  fascia  fulva  transversa  in  medio  an- 
fractuum  ornata,  spira  elata  conoidali  quam  apertura  longiore ;  anfrac- 
tibus  9,  planis,  longitudinaliter  costatis,  costis  mediocribus,  distan- 
tibus,  interstitiis  transversim  valde  sulcatis ;  apertura  angusta,  labio 
plicis  tribus  obliquis  instructo,  labro  intus  lirato  ad  marginem  laevi. 
Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 

I  have  named  this  pretty  species  after  John  Collinson,  Master  R.N.,  my 
frequent  companion  in  my  Japanese  wanderings,  and  a  most  assiduous  and 
able  collector. 

10.  Costellaria  Dohrni,  A.  Ad. 

C.  testa  turrito-fusiformi,  grisea,  irregulariter  rufo  maculata  et  varlegata, 
spira  quam  apertura  longiore;  anfractibus  9,  planis,  longitudinaliter 
plicato-costatis,  costis  distantibus,  postice  nodoso-angulatis,  interstitiis 
transversim  valde  sulcatis;  apertura  angusta,  plicis  quinque  obliquis 
instructa,  labro  intus  lirato  prope  marginem  laevi. 

Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 

This  is  an  elegant  species,  somewhat  resembling  Mitra  fasif or  mis,  Kieu. 
The  ribs  are  conspicuously  nodulous  at  the  hind  part  of  the  whorls. 


ME.  A.  ADAMS  ON  THE  MITRID^  OF  JAPAN.  201 

2.  PusiA,  Stvains. 

1.  Pusia  analogica,  Rve.     (Mitra  analogica,  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  293.) 
Hab.  Gotto,  48  fathoms. 

2.  Pusia  amabilis,  Rve.     (Mitra  amabilis,  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  274.) 
Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 

3.  Pusia  dermestina,  Lain.     (Mitra  dermestina.  Lam.  Hist.  An.  s.  Vert, 
vol.  vii.  p.  323  ;  Rve.  sp.  143. — Mitra  pisolina,  Lam.) 

Hab.  Avva-Sima ;  Tsaulian. 

4.  Pusia  cavea,  Rve.     (Mitra  cavea,  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  149.) 
Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 

5.  Pusia  rubra,  Brod.  (Mitra  rubra,  Brod.  Proc.Zool.  Soc.  1835;  Rve. 
Conch.  Icon.  sp.  286.) 

Hab.  Uraga,  17  fathoms. 

6.  Pusia  Kraussii,  Dkr.     (Mitra  Kraussii^  Dkr,  Moll.  Japan,  p.  8.) 
Hab.  Japan  (DtmJcer). 

7.  Pusia  Bronni,  Dkr.     (Mitra  Bi'onni,  Dkr.  Moll.  Japon.  p.  8.) 
Hab,  Japan  (Dunker). 

3.  Callithea,  Sivains. 

1.  Callithea  obeliscus,  Rve.    (Mitra  obeliscus,  Rve.  Conch.  Icon.  sp.  107.) 
Hab.  Kino-0-Sima. 

2.  Callithea  crebrilirata,  Rve.  (Mitra  crebrilirata,  Rve.  Conch.  Icon. 
sp.  92.) 

Hab.  Satanomosaki,  55  fathoms. 

3.  Callithea  spreta,  A.  Ad. 

C.  testa  fusiformi,  pallide  fusca,  spira  quam  apertura  longiore ;  anfrac- 
tibus  7,  convexiusculis,  plicis  costelliformibus  longitudinalibus  confertis 
et  liris  transversis  validis  decussatis,  suturis  canaliculatis  infra  mar- 
ginatis ;  apertura  angusta,  labio  plicis  duabus  obsoletis  instrueto. 

Hab.  Mino-Sima,  63  fathoms. 

A  small  pale-brown  species,  with  the  whorls  decussated  by  fine  longitu- 
dinal ribs  and  strong  transverse  lirse. 


202  ME.  r.  -WALKEE  ON  DIPTEEA  COLLECTED  IN 

'Catalogue  of  tlae  Dipterous  Insects  collected  in  AVaigiou,  Mysol, 
and  North  Ceram  by  Mr.  A.  E.  Wallace,  with  Descriptions  of 
New  Species.     By  Francis  "Walkee,  Esq.,  T.L.S. 

[Bead  Feb.  5,  1863.] 

Mtsol. 

Earn.  BIBIONIDJE,  Haliday. 

Gen.  Plecia,  HoJPmansegg. 

1.  Plecia  dorsalis,  WaR.     See  Vol.  I.  p.  5, 

Earn.  CULICID^,  Haliday. 
Gen.  Megaehina,  Desvoidy. 

2.  Megarbina  immisericors.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  90. 

Gen.  CuLEX,  lAnn. 

3.  Culex  obturbans.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  91. 

Earn.  TIPULID^,  Raliday. 

Gen.  LiMNOBiA,  Meigen. 

Div.  Wings  with  two  discal  areolets ;  veins  complete,  not  forked ; 
the  usual  transverse  veinlet  between  the  second  and  third  ex- 
terno-medial  veins. 

4.  LiMNOBiA  AURORATRA,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Atra,  antennis  eapite  duplo 
longioribus,  alls  nigris,  fascia  ochracea  bipunctata,  gutta  subcostali 
alba. 

Female.  Deep  black,  rather  stout.  Antennae  about  twice  the  length  of 
the  head.  Abdomen  less  than  twice  the  length  of  the  thorax.  Legs 
long.  Wings  black,  with  a  broad  bright  ochraceous  band,  which  is 
slightly  dilated  on  the  costa  and  on  the  hind  border  j  two  blackish 
points  on  the  exterior  part  of  the  band,  one  costal,  the  other  on  the 
hind  border ;  a  white  subcostal  dot  near  the  exterior  border  of  the 
band.     Length  of  the  body  5  hues ;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

Div.  Wings  with  a  discal  areolet ;  veins  complete  ;  cubital  vein 
forked ;  the  usual  transverse  veinlet  between  the  second  and 
third  externo-medial  veins. 

5.  LiMNOBiA  SELECTissiMA,  n.  s.  Mas.  Ochracea,  eapite  nigro,  an- 
tennis thorace  vix  brevioribus,  abdomine  lineis  duabus  anticis  apiceque 
nigris,  pedibus  fuscis,  femoribus  flavescentibus  apice  nigris,  alis  cine- 
reis,  venis  nigro  marginatis,  halteribus  ochraceis  apice  nigris. 


i 


WAIGHOU,  MTSOL,  AND  NORTH  CEEAM.  203 

Male.  Ochraceous,  slender.  Head  black.  Antennae  black,  ocliraceous 
at  the  base,  nearly  as  long  as  the  thorax.  Thorax  very  short,  slightly 
attennated  in  front.  Abdomen  broader  hindvvard,  with  a  black  line 
along  each  side  fi-om  the  base  to  the  middle ;  tip  black.  Legs  brown, 
slender ;  femora  dull  yellowish,  with  black  tips ;  tibia;  and  tarsi  mi- 
nutely setulose.  Wings  cinereous,  with  black  veins,  which  have  black 
borders ;  these  are  very  broad  along  the  costa,  and  thus  the  surface 
appears  to  be  reticulated ;  halteres  ochraceous,  with  black  tips.  Length 
of  the  body  5  lines ;  of  the  wings  9  lines. 

Gen.  G-TMNOPLisTiA,  Westio. 

6.  Gymnoplistia  melancholica,  n.  s.  Mas  et  Foem.  Nigra,  ca- 
pite  subochraceo,  pedibus  piceo-nigris,  alls  cinereis.  Mas.  Abdo- 
mine  fasciis  flavis,  alis  apud  costam  nigricantibus  nigro  bimaculatis. 
Fcem.  Alis,  costa  fasciisque  tribus  nigricantibus. 

■Male  and  Female.  Black.  Head  dull  ochraceous.  Antennae  brownish, 
pale  at  the  base,  very  broadly  pectinated  in  the  male.  Abdomen  of 
the  male  with  yellow  bands,  except  towards  the  tip.  Legs  piceous 
black.  Wings  cinereous ;  veins  black.  Male.  Wings  blackish  along 
the  costa  and  at  the  tips ;  two  black  spots  extending  from  the  costa 
to  the  disk.  Female.  Wings  with  the  costa,  the  tips,  and  three  broad 
bands  blackish  ;  1st  and  2nd  bands  connected.  Length  of  the  body 
&-7  lines ;  of  the  wings  13-14  lines. 

Nearly  allied  to  G.fulviceps  and  to  G.  jurgiosa. 

Fam.  STEATIOMID^,  Raliday. 

Gen.  Stratiomts,  Geoffr. 

7.  Strutiomys  restricta,  n.  s.  Mas.  Nigra,  antennis  parvis  basi 
flavescentibus,  thorace  pectoreque  subaurato  toraentosis,  scutello 
spinis  duabus  flavescentibus,  abdomine  flavescente  maculis  quatuor 
nigris  angulatis  subconvexis,  pedibus  flavescentibus,  alis  albide  lim- 
pidis. 

Male.  Black.  Antennae  yellowish  towards  the  base,  shorter  than  half 
the  breadth  of  the  head.  Thorax  and  pectus  with  slightly  gilded  to- 
mentum.  Scutellum  with  two  yellowish  spines.  Abdomen  yellowish 
green  (in  the  living  state),  with  four  black,  angular,  nearly  connected 
spots.  Legs  yellowish.  Wings  whitish  limpid;  veins  pale  yellow. 
Length  of  the  body  4  lines ;  of  the  wings  6  lines. 

Gen.  Saldtjba,  Walk. 

8.  Salduba  gradiens,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Nigra,  obscura,  capite  nitente, 
antennis  basi  rufescentibus,  thorace  vittis  duabus  cinereis,  abdomine 
suturis  apiceque  nitentibus,  pedibus  rufescentibus,  tibiis  apice  nigris, 
tarsis  albidis  apice  nigris,  alis  nigricantibus,  halteribus  rufescentibus. 


204  ME.  F.  WALKEE  ON  DIPTEEA  COLLECTED  IK 

Female,  Blacl;,  dull,  most  nearly  allied  to  S.  singularis.  Head  shi- 
ning. Antennae  reddish  towards  the  hase.  Thorax  with  two  indi- 
stinct cinereous  stripes.  Abdomen  shining  on  the  sutures  and  at  the 
tip.  Legs  reddish ;  tibia;  with  black  tips ;  tarsi  whitish,  with  black 
tips.  Wings  blackish ;  veins  black  ;  halteres  reddish.  Var.  Smaller  j 
legs  darker.     Length  of  the  body  3-4  lines ;  of  the  wings  5-7  lines. 

9.  Salduba  areolaris,  n.  s.  Mas.  Nigra,  obscura,  thorace  vittis 
quatuor  cinereis,  pectore  abdomineque  nitentibus,  hoc  clavato,  pedibus 
flavis,  femoribus  tibiisque  posticis  nigris,  alis  cinereis  nebulosis,  hal- 
teribus  albidis. 

Male.  Black,  dull,  most  nearly  allied  to  S.  hilaris  and  to  S.  diphysoides. 
Antenna;  longer  than  the  breadth  of  the  head.  Thorax  with  four  ci- 
nereous stripes  ;  the  middle  pair  connected  on  the  scutellum.  Pectus 
and  abdomen  shining,  the  latter  clavate.  Legs  yellow;  tarsi  black 
towards  the  tips ;  hind  femora,  except  at  the  base  and  hind  tibiae,  black. 
Wings  cinereous,  partly  clouded  with  darker  cinereous ;  veins  black ; 
halteres  whitish.     Length  of  the  body  .5i  lines ;  of  the  wings  9  lines. 

Gen.  Adeaga,  Walk. 

10.  Adraga  univitta.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  82. 

Gren.  Obeapa,  WalJc. 
n.  Obrapa  perilampoides.  Walk,     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  82. 

Gen.  Atjlana,  n.  g. 

Fcem.  Clitellarice  affinis.  Corpus  sat  latum.  Caput  thorace  antico 
pauUo  latius.  Antennce  subsetacese,  acutse,  thorace  vix  breviores ; 
articuli  suturis  indistinctis.  Thorax  antice  productus  et  angustatus ; 
scutellum  magnum,  longiconicum,  subascendens.  Abdomen  breve, 
latum.    Pedes  inermes,  breviusculi.     Alee  mediocres. 

Female.  Body  moderately  broad.  Head  a  little  broader  than  the  fore 
part  of  the  thorax.  Antenna;  nearly  as  long  as  the  thorax,  slightly 
tapering  from  the  base  to  the  tips,  which  are  acute ;  joints  compact. 
Thorax  convex,  narrower  in  front ;  scutellum  elongate-conical,  very 
large  and  prominent,  obliquely  ascending.  Abdomen  slightly  convex, 
much  broader  but  not  longer  than  the  thorax.  Legs  unarmed,  rather 
short.  Wings  with  the  veins  much  like  those  of  Clitellaria  in  struc- 
ture ;  areolet  rhomboidal,  with  oblique  transverse  veinlets. 

12.  AuLANA  confirmata,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Nigra,  vix  nitens,  cinereo  sub- 
tomentosa,  antennis  basi  fulvis,  pedibus  pallida  flavis,  femoribus  ni- 
gris, tibiis  posticis  piceis,  alis  cinereis  costa  exteriore  fusco  nebulosa, 
halteribus  niveis. 

Female.  Black,  hardly  shining,  with  slightly  cinereous  tomentum.  An- 
tenna; very  much  longer  than  the  breadth  of  the  head,  tawny  towards 


WAIGHOU,  MTSOL,  AND  NOETH  CEEAM.  205 

the  base.  Legs  pale  yellow ;  femora  mostly  black  ;  hind  tibiae  mostly 
piceous.  Wings  cinereous,  clouded  with  brown  along  the  exterior 
part  of  the  costa ;  veins  black,  tawny  at  the  base ;  halteres  pure  white. 
Length  of  the  body  3  lines ;  of  the  wings  6  lines. 

Geu.  MiTSAMA,  n.  g. 

Foem.  Co?'/ji/s breve, latum.  Cf</JH/ thoracenonlatius.  AntentKehreves, 
subfusiformes,  valde  compactae ;  arista  longa,  filiformis.  Thorax  con- 
vexus ;  scutellum  subascendens,  bispinosum.  Abdomen  subdepressum, 
thorace  brevius  et  multo  latins.     Pedes  inermes.     Alee  mediocres. 

Female.  Body  short,  broad.  Head  as  broad  as  the  thorax.  Antenna;, 
including  the  arista,  rather  more  than  half  the  breadth  of  the  head  j 
scape  short;  flagellum  subfusiform,  with  very  short  and  compact 
joints ;  arista  filiform,  much  longer  than  the  flagellum.  Thorax  con- 
vex ;  scutellum  prominent,  slightly  ascending,  armed  with  two  apical 
spines.  Abdomen  rather  flat,  shorter  and  much  broader  than  the 
thorax.  Legs  unarmed.  Wings  with  the  veins  much  like  those  of 
Oxycera  in  structure ;  discal  areolet  large. 

13.  MusAMA  PAUPERA,  n.  s.  F(£m.  Nigra,  subnitens,  antennis  fulvis, 
arista  alba,  pedibus  piceis,  tarsis  posterioribus  albidis  apice  nigricanti- 
bus,  alis  cinereis,  halteribus  piceis. 

Female.  Black,  short,  broad,  slightly  shining.  Antennae  tawny  ;  arista 
white.  Legs  piceous;  posterior  tarsi  whitish,  with  blackish  tips. 
Wings  cinereous ;  veins  and  halteres  piceous.  Length  of  the  body 
2  lines ;  of  the  wings  4  lines. 

Gen.  Saegfs,  Fair. 

14.  Sargus  quadrifasciatus,  H^aZA-.     SeeVol.  V.  p.  146. 

Fam.  TABANID^,  Leach 

Gen.  Tabanus,  Linn. 

15.  Tabanus  exagens,  n.  s.  Mas.  Piceus,  cinereo  tomeutosiis,  capite 
subtus  pectoreque  canis,  antennis  nigris  cornu  parvo  acuto,  thorace 
vittis  quatuor  canis,  abdomine  maculis  trigonis  et  segmentorum  mar- 
ginibus  canis,  alis  obscure  cinereis. 

Male.  Piceous,  with  cinereous  tomentum.  Head  beneath  and  pectus 
hoary.  Eyes  composed  of  very  small  facets.  Antennae  black,  with 
a  small  but  acute  horn ;  flagellum  acute,  curved,  rather  long.  Thorax 
with  four  slight  hoary  stripes.  Abdomen  vA'ith  a  triangular  hoary  spot 
on  each  segment,  whose  hind  border  is  also  hoary.  Wings  dark  cine- 
reous ;  veins  black ;  fore  branch  of  the  cubital  vein  rectangular  near 
the  base,  where  it  rejects  a  short  branch.  Length  of  the  body  7  lines ; 
of  the  wings  14  lines. 


206  MR.  F.  WALKER  ON  DIPTEEA  COLLECTED  IN 

16.  Tabanus  facilis,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Fulvus,  capite  antico  albido,  an- 
tennis  rufis  basi  piceis  articulo  3°  apice  nigro  cornu  parvo,  tliorace 
vittis  quinque  nigris,  tarsis  piceis,  alis  cinereis  costam  versus  fusces- 
centibus,  halteribus  pallide  luteis. 

Female.  Tawny.  Head  whitish  in  front;  calhis  black,  very  slender. 
Proboscis  black.  Antennae  red,  piceousat  the  base;  3rd  joint  curved, 
black  towards  the  tip,  with  a  small  horn.  Thorax  with  five  black 
stripes,  of  which  the  outer  pair  are  very  short  and  slender.  Tarsi 
piceous.  Wings  cinereous,  mostly  tinged  with  brown  along  the  costa ; 
veins  black,  tawny  towards  the  base  ;  fore  branch  of  the  cubital  vein 
forming  a  I'ounded  angle  near  the  base,  very  slightly  curved  from 
thence  to  its  tip ;  halteres  pale  luteous.  Length  of  the  body  8  lines ; 
of  the  vi-ings  16  lines. 

17.  Tabanus  sylvioides,  n.  s.  Fain.  Fulvus,  capite  subtus  pec- 
toreque  canis,  antennis  apice  nigris  cornu  brevissimo  minimo,  abdo- 
mine  maculis  trigonis  subobsoletis  et  segmentorum  marginibus  canis, 
ventre  tarsisque  piceis,  alis  obscure  cinereis,  costa  venisque  fusco 
nebulosis. 

Female.  Tawny.  Head  beneath  and  pectus  hoaiy.  Callus  between 
the  eyes  piceous,  long,  slender.  Proboscis  black.  Antennae  slender, 
black  towards  the  tips ;  horn  of  the  flagellum  extremely  small  and 
short.  Abdomen  elongate-conical,  piceous  beneath ;  hind  borders  of 
the  segments  hoary,  each  with  a  nearly  obsolete  triangular  hoary  dorsal 
spot.  Tarsi  piceous.  Wings  dark  cinereous,  brown  along  the  costa 
and  along  the  neighbouring  veins ;  veins  black,  tawny  at  the  base  ; 
fore  branch  of  the  cubital  vein  forming  a  rounded  angle  near  its  base, 
not  forked ;  halteres  piceous.  Length  of  the  body  6  lines ;  of  the 
wings  14  lines. 

Pam.  ASILID^,  LeacJi. 

Subfam.   Lapheites,    Walk. 

GeB.  Lapheia,  Fair. 

18.  Laphria  requisita.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  105. 

19.  Laphria  congrua.  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  277- 

20.  Laphria  consors.  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  85. 

21.  Laphria  flagrantissima,  H'a/^.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  86. 

22.  Laphria  germana.  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  86. 

23.  Laphria  puer,  Doleschall.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  147- 

24.  Laphria  divulsa,  n.  sp.  Foem.  Nigra,  obscura,  oculis  argenteo 
marginatis,  mystace  e  setis  nonnullis  albis,  antennis  flagello  sublineari, 
abdomine  punctato  guttis  lateraUbus  transversis  albidis,  tibiis  rufis 
apice  nigris,  alis  nigricantibus  basi  cinereis,  halteribus  rufescentibus. 


WAIGTOU,  MTSOL,  AKD  NOETH  CEEAM.  207 

Female.  Black,  stout,  dull.  Face  silvery  along  the  eyes ;  mystax  with 
a  few  white  bristles.  Antenna;  a  little  shorter  than  the  breadth 
of  the  head ;  flagellum  nearly  linear.  Thorax  slightly  cinereous  ; 
pectus  hoary.  Abdomen  minutely  punctured ;  hind  borders  of  the 
segments  with  a  transversely  elongated  whitish  dot  on  each  side; 
underside  cinereous.  Legs  stout,  setose  ;  tibiae  red,  except  towards 
the  tips.  Wings  blackish,  cinereous  towards  the  base ;  veins 
black,  with  the  usual  structure ;  halteres  reddish.  Length  of  the 
body  5  lines ;  of  the  wings  8  lines. 

Subfam.  Asilites,  Walh. 
Geu.  Teupakea,  Macg^. 

25.  Trupanea  TRANSACTA,  n.  sp.  Fcem.  Nigra,  robusta,  capite  cano 
pilis  albidis,  mystace  e  setis  albidis  nigrisque,  thoracis  vittis  quinque 
scutello  pectoreque  cinereis,  abdomine  stylato  segmeutis  cano  mar- 
ginatis,  tibiis  rufis  apice  nigris,  alis  fuscescenti-cinereis  vitta  subopaca, 
halteribus  rufescentibus. 

Female.  Black,  robust.  Head  hoary  ;  hind  part  clothed  with  whitish 
hairs,  and  thickly  beset  with  black  bristles ;  underside  thickly  clothed 
with  whitish  hairs ;  epistoma  very  prominent ;  mystax  with  black 
bristles  above,  and  with  whitish  bristles  below.  Thorax  with  five 
cinereous  stripes  ;  scutellum  and  pectus  cinereous.  Abdomen  much 
narrower  than  the  thorax ;  hind  borders  of  the  segments  with  hoary 
bands,  which  are  most  distinct  on  each  side ;  underside  cinereous ; 
apical  part  stylate,  compressed.  Legs  thick,  bristly  ;  tibiae  red,  with 
black  tips.  Wings  brownish  cinereous ;  radial  areolet  with  the  usual 
cinereous  somewhat  opaque  stripe ;  veins  black ;  halteres  reddish. 
Length  of  the  body  11  lines;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

Gen.  AsiLFs,  Linn. 

26.  AsiLus  DEPULSUS,  n.  sp.  Mas.  Fuscus,  capite  subargenteo, 
mystace  e  setis  flavescenti-albis,  antennis  nigris  articulo  3"  lanceolate, 
thorace  vittis  tribus  flavescenti -cinereis, '  pectore  cano,  abdomine 
fulvo  apice  piceo,  pedibus  luteis,  genibus  posterioribus  nigris,  tarsis 
nigris  basi  luteis,  alis  cinereis  apice  nigricantibus,  halteribus  flavis. 

Male.  Brown.  Head  silvery  whitish,  clothed  behind  and  beneath  with 
white  hairs ;  epistoma  prominent ;  mystax  composed  of  many  yellow- 
ish-white bristles.  Proboscis  and  palpi  black.  Antennae  black ;  3rd 
joint  lanceolate ;  arista  a  little  longer  than  the  3rd  joint.  Thorax  with 
three  yellowish-cinereous  stripes ;  sides  and  pectus  hoary.  Abdomen 
with  bright  tawny  tomentum  ;  tip  piceous,  red  beneath ;  appendages 
much  developed.  Legs  luteous,  thick,  with  black  spines ;  posterior 
knees  black ;  tarsi  black,  luteous  at  the  base  ;  pulvilli  luteous.  Wings 
cinereous,  blackish  towards  the  tips ;  veins  black ;  forks  of  the  cubital 
vein  undulating;  1st  exteruo-medial  vein  slightly  curved ;  3rd  joining 


208  ME.  F.  WALKEK  ON  DIPTERA  COLLECTED  IN 

the  4th  at  sonic  distance  from  the  border ;  halteres  yellow.     Length 
of  the  body  10  lines ;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

2/.  AsiLUS  DiDYMOiDES, n.  s.  Foem.  Fuscus,  J.  fenm'corwi  valdeaffinis, 
capita  argenteo,  mystace  e  setis  paucis  nigris  albisque,  palpis  luteis, 
antennis  luteis  articulo  3°  nigro  rainimo,  thoracis  vittis  tribus  scutello 
pectoreque  canis,  abdomine  fasciis  cinereis  apice  nigro,  pedibus  fulvis, 
alis  cinereis  apice  nigricantibus,  halteribus  pallide  fulvis. 

Female.  Brown.  Head  silvery  white,  slightly  clothed  beneath  with 
white  hairs  ;  epistoma  convex  ;  mystax  composed  of  some  black  and 
white  bristles.  Eyes  flat  in  front.  Proboscis  black,  luteous  at  the 
base;  palpi  luteous.  Antennse  black;  1st  and  2nd  joints  luteous; 
3rd  conical,  very  small,  not  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  length  of  the 
arista.  Thorax  with  three  hoary  stripes ;  sides,  scutellum,  and  pectus 
hoary.  Abdomen  nearly  flat ;  hind  borders  of  the  segments  cinereous  ; 
tip  black,  shining.  Legs  tawny,  with  a  few  black  bristles.  Wings 
cinereous,  blackish  towards  the  tips ;  veins  black ;  forks  of  the  cubital 
vein  undulating  ;  3rd  externo-medial  vein  joining  the  4th  at  a  short 
distance  from  the  border ;  halteres  pale  tawny.  Length  of  the  body 
8  lines;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

Closely  allied  to  the  Celebes  species  A.  tenuicornis ;  but  the  abdomen  is 
broader  and  more  flat,  and  the  posterior  femora  have  not  black  tips. 

Gen.  Ommatius,  Illiger. 

28.  Ommatius  noctifer,  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  88. 

29.  Ommatius  nanus.  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  237. 

30.  Ommatius  retrahens.  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  88. 

Gen.  Leptogastee,  Meigen. 

31.  Leptogaster  longipes.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  89. 

Earn.  LEPTIDJE,  Westw. 
Gen.  Leptis,  Fair. 

32.  Leptis  ferruginosa,  Wied.     See  Vol.  I.  p.  118. 

Gen.  Chetsopila,  Macq^. 

33.  Chrysopila  stylata,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Fulva,  capite  antennis  pedi- 
busque  nigris,  pectore  argenteo,  abdomine  fasciis  tribus  apiceque  sty- 
lato  nigris,  femoribus  fulvis,  alis  subcinereis  apices  versus  nigricanti- 
bus, areolis  margaritaceo  maculatis. 

Female.  Tawny,  nearly  allied  to  C.  vacillans  and  to  C.  guttipennis. 
Head  and  antennae  black.  Pectus  silvery.  Abdomen  with  three  black 
bands,  black  and  stylate  towards  the  tip.  Legs  black ;  femora  and 
hind  coxse  tawny ;  hind  femora  with  black  tips.     Wings  slightly  cine- 


i 


A 


WAIGIOU,  MTSOL,  AITD  NOETH  CEEAM.  209 

reous,  irregularly  blackish  towards  the  tips,  the  blackish  part  extend- 
ing along  the  veins  to  the  disk  ;  hinder  veins  blackish-bordered ;  a 
pearly  spot  in  each  areolet,  but  only  apparent  in  some  aspects.  Length 
of  the  body  5  lines ;  of  the  wings  8  lines. 


Tarn.  BOMBTLID^,  Lead, 
Subfam.  Bombtlites,  WalJc. 

Gen.  AifTnEAX,  Fair. 

34.  Anthrax  Pelops,  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  90. 

Pam.  EMPID^,  Lead. 

Gen.  Epiceta,  WalJc. 

35.  Epiceia  ferruginea,  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  149. 

Earn.  DOLICHOPIDyE,  Lead. 
Gen.  PsiLOPUS,  Meig. 

36.  Psilopus  benedictus.  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  91 . 

37.  Psilopus  lucigena.  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  91. 

38.  Psilopus  superans.  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  150. 

39.  Psilopus  subrectus,  n.  s.  Mas.  La;te  viridis,  eyaneo  purpu- 
reoque  varius,  palpis  antennis  pedibus  halteribusque  flavis,  abdomine 
fasciis  nigris,  femoribus  posticis  apice  nigris,  alis  cinereis. 

Male.  Bright  green,  varied  with  blue  and  purple.  Palpi  and  legs  pale 
yellow.  Antennae  pale  j'ellow ;  arista  black,  somewhat  shorter  than 
the  body.  Abdomen  bright  green,  mostly  blue  or  purple  towards  the 
base;  a  black  band  on  the  base  of  each  segment.  Hind  femora  with 
black  tips.  Wings  cinereous ;  veins  black,  tawny  at  the  base ;  fore 
branch  of  the  prebrachial  vein  much  curved  inward  ;  discal  transverse 
vein  very  slightly  curved  outward  ;  halteres  pale  yellow.  Length  of 
the  body  5  lines ;  of  the  wings  9  lines. 

40.  Psilopus  moderatus,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Viridescenti-cyaneus,  capite 
purpureo,  palpis  antennis  pedibus  halteribusque  nigris,  pectore  cano, 
abdomine  viridi,  alis  cinereis. 

Female.  Greenish  blue,  nearly  aUied  to  P.  abruptus.  Head  purple. 
Palpi,  antennae,  and  legs  black.  Arista  as  long  as  the  thorax.  Thorax 
green  hindward.  Pectus  hoary.  Abdomen  green.  Tibije  bristly. 
Wings  cinereous ;  veins  black ;  fore  branch  of  the  prebrachial  vein 
much  curved  inward  ;  discal  transverse  vein  vei'y  slightly  undulating ; 
halteres  black.     Length  of  the  body  2^  Hues ;  of  the  wings  5  lines. 


210  ME.  T.  WA1;KEB  OK  DIPTEEA  COLLECTED  IN 

Gren.  DoLiCHOPTJS,  Lafr. 

41.  DoLicHOPUS  PULCHRiCEPS,  n.  s.  Foem.  Testaceus,  capite  supra 
purpureo,  facie  argentea,  thoracevitta  lata  purpurea,  alis  cinereis. 

Female.  Testaceous,  paler  beneath,  with  black  bristles.  Head  purple 
above ;  face  silvery.  Third  joint  of  the  antennae  minute,  nearly  round. 
Thorax  with  a  broad  purple  stripe.  Posterior  tibiae  with  two  rows  of 
black  spines.  Wings  cinereous ;  veins  black,  straight,  testaceous  at 
the  base ;  discal  transverse  vein  very  slightly  curved  outwai'd.  Length 
of  the  body  2i  lines  ;  of  the  wings  bi  lines.  j 

Gren.  DiAPHORUS,  Meigen. 

42.  Diapliorus  resumens,  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  93. 


Pam.  STEPHID^,  Leach. 

Gen.  Ebistalis,  Latr. 

43.  Eristalis  bomboides.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  119. 

44.  Eristalis  lucilioides.  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  284. 

45.  Eristalis  inscripta,  Doleschall.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  151. 

Var.  ^.  Male.  Black.  Vertex  blue ;  a  broad  silvery  stripe  on  each  side 
of  the  face.  Antennae  reddish.  Thorax  with  two  oblique  blue  streaks 
on  each  side,  and  with  two  double  blue  stripes ;  scutellum  bluish  pur- 
ple. Abdomen  bluish  purple  at  the  base,  with  au  anterior  interrupted 
baud  which  is  dilated  on  each  side ;  apical  part  gold-colour,  with  six 
elongated  black  spots,  of  which  the  two  lateral  pairs  are  oblique. 
Var.  y.  Male.  Thorax  with  purple  stripes  and  streaks ;  hind  part 
and  scutellum  tawny.     Abdomen  chalybeous  hindward ;  spots  brown. 

46.  Eristalis  ^quipars,  n.  s.  Mas.  Nigra,  capite  vittis  duabus 
latis  albido-cinereis,  antennis  rufescentibus,  thorace  vittis  duabus 
cinereis  fascia  interrupta  apiceque  chalybeo-viridibus,  abdomine  sub- 
seneo-testaceo  maculis  septem  elongatis  fulvis  disco  basali  nigro,  pedi- 
bus  nigris,  alis  cinereis,  halteribus  pallide  testaceis. 

Male.  Black.  Head  with  a  broad,  whitish-cinereous  stripe  on  each 
side  of  the  face.  Antennae  reddish ;  arista  bare.  Thorax  with  two 
indistinct  cinereous  stripes,  and  with  an  interrupted  chalybeous-green 
band ;  hind  part  and  pectus  chalybeous  green.  Abdomen  testaceous, 
with  a  slight  aeneous  tinge ;  base  black,  except  on  each  side  ;  seven 
elongated  tawny  spots,  three  dorsal  and  two  on  each  side.  Legs  black. 
"Wings  cinereous ;  veins  black ;  halteres  pale  testaceous.  Length  of 
the  body  6  lines ;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

This  may  be  a  variety  of  E.  inscripta. 

47.  Eristalis  postscripta,  u.  s.  Mas.  Nigra,  capite  vittis  duabus 
albido-cinereis,  antennis  rufescentibus,  thorace  chalybeo-viridi  vittis 


I 


WAIGIOU,  MTSOL,  AND  NOETH  CEEAM.  211 

tribus  anticis  fasciaque  nigris,  abdomine  fasciis  duabus  apiceque 
chalybeo-viridibus,  fascia  2*  interrupta,  vittis  tribus  posticis  nigris, 
tarsis  basi  genibusque  rufis,  alis  cinereis. 
Male.  Black.  Head  whitish-cinereous  beneath,  and  with  a  whitish- 
cinereous  stripe  on  each  side  of  the  face.  Antennae  reddish ;  arista 
bare.  Thorax  chalybeous  green,  with  three  short  black  stripes  in 
front,  and  with  a  black  band  at  the  base  of  the  scutellum.  Abdomen 
with  two  bands  and  the  hind  part  chalybeous  green ;  1st  band  basal; 
2nd  widely  interrupted ;  three  black  stripes  on  the  hind  part.  Tarsi 
towards  the  base,  and  knees,  dark  red.  "Wings  cinereous  ;  veins  black ; 
stigma  brown.     Length  of  the  body  4  lines ;  of  the  wings  9  lines. 

48.  Eristalis  erythropyga,  n.  s.  Mas.  Obscure  cyanea,  facie 
albida,  callo  antico  rufescente,  antennis  fulvis,  thorace  postico 
purpureo,  abdomine  rufescente  basi  nigro  fasciis  duabus  cyaneo- 
purpureis,  tibiis  obscure  rufis,  tarsis  piceis,  alis  cinereis,  halteribus 
fulvis. 

Male.  Dark  blue.  Face  with  whitish  tomentum,  except  along  the  cal- 
lus, which  is  reddish  in  front.  Antennae  tawny  ;  arista  bare.  Thorax 
purple  hindward.  Abdomen  reddish;  basal  part  black,  with  two 
bluish-purple  bands ;  second  band  interrupted  in  the  middle,  notched 
hindward  on  each  side.  Tibiae  dark  red.  Tarsi  piceous.  Wings  cine- 
reous; veins  black  ;  halteres  tawTiy.  Length  of  the  body  4^  lines; 
of  the  wings  10  lines, 

49.  Eristalis  placens,  n.  sp.  Foem.  Nigra,  capite  cinereo  antice 
testaceo,  antennis  fulvis,  thorace  vittis  quinque  canis,  scutello  lateri- 
busque  fulvis,  pectore  strigis  duabus  obliquis  testaceis,  abdomine 
fasciis  duabus  maoulisque  quatuor  obliquis  punctisque  duobus  testaceis, 
segmentis  chalybeo  marginatis,  pedibus  halteribusque  testaceis,  femo- 
ribus  nigro  fasciatis,  alis  limpid  is,  costa  nigro  bipunctata. 

Female.  Black.  Head  cinereous  ;  fore  part  testaceous,  with  paler 
tomentum.  Antermae  tawny  ;  arista  bare.  Thorax  with  five  hoary 
stripes.  Sides  and  scutellum  tawny.  Pectus  hoary  in  front,  with 
an  oblique  testaceous  streak  on  each  side.  Abdomen  with  two  testa- 
ceous bands  near  the  base  ;  2nd  band  slightly  interrupted,  dilated  on 
each  side  ;  hind  borders  and  sides  of  the  segments  chalybeous ;  3rd 
and  4th  segments  with  an  oblique  testaceous  spot  on  each  side ;  5th 
with  two  testaceous  points.  Legs  testaceous;  femora  with  black 
bands,  which  are  broadest  in  the  hind  femora.  Wings  limpid ;  veins 
black,  tawny  towards  the  base  ;  costa  with  two  black  points ;  halteres 
testaceous.     Length  of  the  body  6  lines  ;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

Gren.  AxoKA,  n.  g. 

Alas.  Corpus  subfusiforme.  Caput  breviconicum.  Oculi  maximi. 
Antennce  brevissimae  ;    articulus  3"'  rotundus ;    arista  nuda.      Abdo- 


y 


212  ME.  F.  WALKEK  ON  DTPTERA  COLLECTED  IN 

men  thorace  pauUo  angustius.  Pedes  sat  graciles.  Alee  acutse,  vena 
cubitali  valtle  flexa,  vena  anali  subundulata. 
Male.  Body  subfusiform.  Head  prominent,  short  conical,  very  little 
narrower  than  the  thorax  ;  front  and  epistoma  convex.  Eyes  very 
large.  Ocelli  nearly  contiguous,  seated  on  a  slight  protuberance  of 
the  hind  border.  Antennae  very  short ;  3rd  joint  round  ;  arista  bare. 
Abdomen  a  little  longer  than  the  thorax.  Legs  rather  slender.  Wings 
acute  ;  cubital  vein  very  deeply  bent  ;  veinlet  at  the  base  of  the  sub- 
apical  areolet  curved  outward ;  anal  vein  slightly  undulating. 

60.  AxoNA  VOLUCELLOIDES,  n.  sp.  Mas.  Purpurascenti-cyanea, 
facie  vittis  duabus  argenteis,  antennis  nigris,  thorace  disco  antico 
nigro  vittis  duabus  argenteis,  abdomine  apicem  versus  fulvo,  tibiis 
basi  tarsisque  piceis,  alls  cinereis,  vitta  lata  costali  fusca,  halteribus 
pallide  testaceis. 

Male.  Purplish  blue.  Face  with  two  lateral  silvery  stripes  which  are 
dilated  towards  the  epistoma.  Antennae  black.  Thorax  with  the 
middle  foi'e  part  black,  silvery  along  the  fore  border,  and  with  two 
silvery  stripes.  Abdomen  tawny  towards  the  tip  and  on  each  side  of 
the  3rd  segment ;  underside  tawny  along  each  side.  Tibiae  towards 
the  base,  and  tarsi,  piceous.  Wings  cinereous,  with  a  broad  brown 
costal  stripe,  which  does  not  extend  to  the  tips,  and  is  interlined 
hindward;  veins  black;  halteres  pale  testaceous.  Length  of  the 
body  10  lines ;  of  the  wings  20  lines. 

Gen.  Syephus,  Fair. 

51.  Syrphus  aegrotus,  Fabr.     See  Vol.  I.  p.  124. 
62.  Syrphus  ericetorum,  Fabr.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  97. 

G-eu.  Baccha,  Fair. 

53.  Baccha  tripartita.  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  285. 

54.  Baccha  purpuricola.  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  129. 

Masl  Fulva,  capite  antico  pallide  fiavo-subchalybeo,  antennis  testaceis, 
thoracis  disco  obscuro,  pectore  strigis  duabus  transversis  pallide  flavis, 
abdomine  fasciis  tribus  fuscescentibus  apicem  versus  purpurasceute, 
femoribus  posticis  fuscescente  fasciatis,  alis  obscure  fuscis  basi 
cinereis. 

Malel  Tawny.  Head  in  front  pale  yellow  v>'ith  a  slight  chalybeous 
tinge.  Antennae  testaceous.  Thorax  with  a  black  disk  ;  pectus  with 
a  transverse  pale  yellow  streak  on  each  side  in  front.  Abdomen 
with  three  brownish  bands  on  the  fore  part,  which  is  petiolated; 
apical  part  broad,  purplish.  Femora  yellowish,  hind  femora  with  a 
brownish  band.  Wings  dark  brown,  cinereous  at  the  base.  Length 
of  the  body  6  lines  ;  of  the  wings  14  lines. 


WAIGIOU,  MYSOL,  AND  N01?TH  CE1?AM.  213 

Fam.  MUSCID.5£,  Lafr. 

Subfam.  Tachinides,  Walk. 
'Sren.  Masicera,  Macq. 

55.  Masicera  mysolana,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Nigra,  napite  argenteo,  fron- 
talibus  atris,  oculis  pnbescentibus,  thorace  cinereo  vittis  quatuor 
nigris,  abdomine  longe  ovato  albido  vix  tessellato  apicem  versus  nigro 
nitente,  alis  cinereis. 

Female.  Black,  thickly  beset  with  black  bristles.  Head  silvery  ;  fron- 
talia  deep  black,  linear  ;  facialia  without  bristles  ;  epistoma  not  pro- 
minent. Eyes  pubescent.  Antennse  extending  to  the  epistoma;  3rd 
joint  linear,  about  six  times  the  length  of  the  2nd  ;  arista  slender, 
very  much  longer  than  the  3rd  joint.  Thorax  and  pectus  with  cine- 
reous tomentum  ;  the  former  with  four  indistinct  black  stripes.  Ab- 
domen elongate-oval,  a  little  longer  than  the  thorax,  with  glistening 
whitish  tomentum,  hardly  tessellated  ;  apical  part  black,  shining. 
Wings  cinereous ;  veins  black  ;  -prEebrachial  vein  forming  a  rounded, 
hardly  oblique  angle  at  its  flexure ;  discal  transverse  vein  slightly 
undulating,  parted  by  much  less  than  its  length  from  the  border  and 
from  the  flexure  of  the  pra^brachial  vein.  Length  of  the  body  5 
lines ;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

Gen.  EuRTGASTEB,  Macq. 

56.  EuRYGASTER  iNTERDicTA,  u.  s.  Fam.  Nigra,  lata,  brevis,  capite 
cinereo  subtus  albido,  frontalibus  atris,  thorace  antico  cinereo  vittis 
quatuor  nigris,  scutello  albido,  abdominis  segmentis  3°  4"que  rufes- 
centibus,  alis  obscure  cinereis  basi  nigricantibus,  alulis  albis. 

Female.  Black,  broad,  short,  thickly  beset  with  bristles.  Head  cine- 
reous, whitish  beneath  ;  frontalia  deep  black,  linear ;  facialia  without 
bristles,  except  towards  the  epistoma,  which  is  not  prominent.  Eyes 
bare.  Antennee  little  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  face ;  3rd 
joint  hardly  thrice  the  length  of  the  2nd  ;  arista  long,  slender.  Tho- 
rax in  front  cinereous,  with  four  slender  black  stripes  ;  scutellum 
whitish.  Abdomen  not  longer  than  the  thorax  ;  3rd  and  4th  segments 
reddish,  with  whitish  tomentum ;  2nd  segment  slightly  reddish  on 
each  side.  Wings  dark  cinereous,  blackish  towards  the  base ;  veins 
black ;  pracbrachial  vein  forming  a  well-defined  obtuse  angle  at  its 
flexure ;  discal  transverse  vein  slightly  undulating,  parted  by  much 
less  than  its  length  from  the  border  and  from  the  flexure  of  the 
prsebrachial  vein ;  alulae  large,  white.  Length  of  the  bod}'  4  lines ;  of 
the  wings  8  lines. 

Gen.  Trichopeosopa,  Macq. 

57.  Trichoprosopa  ?  divisa,  n.  sp.  Mas.  Nigra,  gracilis,  capite 
albido,  vertice  subaurato  setis  duabus  longis,  frontalibus  atris,  thorace 
vittis  tribus  cinereis  subauratis,  pectore  strigis  duabus  obliquis  subau- 

LINN.  PROC. — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  VII.  17 


214  MR.  F.  WALKER  ON  DIPTERA  COLLECTED  IN 

ratis,  abdomine  longo  subcylindrico  maculis  tluabus  anticis  lividis, 
pedibus  longis,  tibiis  posticis  pallide  piceis,  alls  angustis  obscure 
cinereis  apices  versus  nigricantibus. 
Male.  Black,  slender,  with  black  bristles.  Head  whitish,  slightly 
gilded,  with  two  long  bristles  on  the  hind  border  of  the  vertex ; 
frontalia  deep  black,  linear ;  facialia  without  bristles ;  epistoma 
slightly  prominent.  Eyes  bare.  Antenna3  reaching  the  epistoma ; 
3rd  joint  linear,  rounded  at  the  tip,  twice  the  length  of  the  2nd ;  arista 
slender,  much  longer  than  the  3rd  joint.  Thorax  with  three  approxi- 
mate cinereous  slightly  gilded  stripes,  of  which  the  middle  one  is  much 
broader  than  the  others ;  pectus  with  an  oblique  slightly  gilded  streak 
on  each  side.  Abdomen  much  longer  than  the  thorax,  nearly  cylin- 
drical, slightly  thicker  hindward,  with  a  large  livid  spot  on  each  side 
near  the  base ;  fore  borders  of  the  2nd  and  3rd  segments  and  tip 
cinereous.  Legs  long  ;  hind  tibiae  pale  piceous.  Wings  narrow, 
dark  cinereous,  blackish  for  nearly  half  the  length  from  the  tips; 
veins  black ;  praebrachial  vein  forming  an  obtuse  angle,  and  emitting 
a  very  short  branch  at  its  flexure,  slightly  undulating  thence  to  its 
tip,  which  joins  the  cubital  vein  near  the  tip  of  the  latter;  discal 
transverse  vein  slightly  undulating,  parted  by  less  than  half  its  length 
from  the  border,  and  by  more  than  half  its  length  from  the  flexure  of 
the  praebrachial  vein ;  alulae  pale  cinereous.  Length  of  the  body  8 
lines;  of  the  wings  14  lines. 

Subfam.  Dextdes.  Walk. 

Gen.  Dexia,  Meigen. 

58.  Dexia  alidifera,  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  157. 

G-en.  Prosena,  >S^^.  Farg. 

59.  Prosena  argentata.  Walk.    See  Vol.  IIL  p.  102. 

Subfam.  Sarcophagides,  WalTc. 

Gen.  Sarcophaga,  Meigen. 

60.  Sarcophaga  innotata,  n.  s.  Fam.  Nigra,  capite  albido,  fron- 
talibus  atris,  thorace  vittis  duabus  lateribus  pectoreque  cinereis,  abdo- 
mine cano  subtessellato,  alis  cinereis,  alulis  albis. 

Female.  Black.  Head  whitish ;  frontalia  deep  black,  linear.  Thorax 
with  two  cinereous  stripes  ;  sides  and  pectus  also  cinereous.  Abdomen 
slightly  tessellated  with  hoary,  shining,  notched  patches.  Wings 
cinereous  ;  veins  black  ;  praebrachial  vein  forming  a  sharply  formed 
right  angle  at  its  flexure,  nearly  straight  thence  to  its  tip;  discal 
transverse  vein  very  slightly  undulating,  parted  by  more  than  half  its 
length  from  the  border  and  from  the  flexure  of  the  praebrachial  vein  ; 
alulae  white.     Length  of  the  body  6  lines  ;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 


WAiaiOU,  MYSOL,  AND  NORTH  CEKAM.  215 

Subfam.  Muscides,  Walk. 

Gen.  SiLBOMTiA,  Macq. 

61.  Silbomj^ia  costalis,  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  159. 

62.  SiLBOMYiA  DECRESCENS,  n.  s.  Mtts.  Aurato-viridis,  capitc  flavcs" 
centi-albo,  vertice  viridi,  frontalibus  atris,  palpis  antennisque  nigns, 
pectore  maculis  duabus  argenteis,  abdomine  basi  suturisque  cyaneo- 
purpureis,  alis  cinereis  costam  versus  nigris. 

Male.  Golden  green,  nearly  allied  to  S.  opulenta.  Head  yellowish 
white  ;  vertex  green  ;  frontalia  deep  black,  linear,  with  bristles  along 
each  side ;  face  very  deeply  grooved  on  each  side.  Proboscis,  palpi, 
and  antennae  black,  the  latter  nearly  reaching  the  epistoma.  Pectus 
with  a  silvery-white  spot  on  each  side.  Abdomen  bluish  purple  at 
the  base  and  along  the  sutures.  Tibiaeand  tarsi  black.  Wings  cinere- 
ous, black  along  the  costa ;  the  blackish  part  extending  diffusedly 
along  the  veins ;  veins  black  ;  prsebrachial  vein  forming  a  slightly 
rounded  and  obtuse  angle  at  its  flexure,  slightly  curved  inward 
thence  to  its  tip ;  discal  transverse  vein  very  slightly  undulating, 
parted  by  a  little  more  than  half  its  length  from  the  border  and  from 
the  flexure  of  the  pra;brachial  vein.  Length  of  the  body  5  lines  ;  of 
the  wings  10  lines. 

Gen.  Chrtsomtia,  Desv. 

63.  Chrysomyia  divitiosa,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Purpurea,  crassa,  capite 
argenteo  antice  aurato,  frontalibus  atris,  palpis  piceis,  antennis  nigris, 
thorace  antico  cano  vittis  duabus  albis,  pectore  maculis  quatuor  albis, 
abdomine  fascia  subapicali  interrupta  argentea,  alis  obscure  cinereis 
basi  nigris,  halteribus  piceis. 

Female.  Purple,  broad,  thick,  with  black  bristles.  Head  silvery,  brightly 
gilded  in  front ;  frontalia  deep  black,  linear ;  epistoma  prominent. 
Proboscis  and  antennae  black.  Palpi  piceous.  Thorax  hoary  in  front, 
with  a  white  stripe  on  each  side  of  the  fore  part.  Pectus  with  two 
bright  white  spots  on  each  side.  Abdomen  with  a  silvery  interrupted 
subapical  band.  Tibiae  and  tarsi  black.  Wings  dark  cinereous,  black 
towards  the  base  ;  veins  black ;  praebrachial  vein  forming  a  hardly 
obtuse  angle  at  its  flexure,  very  slightly  curved  inward  thence  to 
its  tip  ;  discal  transverse  vein  slightly  undulating,  parted  by  half 
its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  more  than  half  its  length  from  the 
flexure  of  the  pra;brachial  vein ;  alulae  cinereous ;  halteres  piceous. 
Length  of  the  body  7  lines ;  of  the  wings  14  lines. 

Gen.  Ptrellia,  Desv. 

64.  Pyrellia  porphyricola,  n.  s.  Mas:  Purpurea,  palpis,  anten- 
nis pedibusque  nigris,  thoracis  tomento  cinereo,  alis  cinereis,  alulis 
nigricanti-cinereis,  halteribus  nigris. 

Male.     Purple,  closely  allied  to  P.  obtriisa.     Head,  proboscis,  palpi, 

17* 


216  ME.  r.  WALKER  ON  DIPTERA  COLLECTED  IN 

and  antennae  black.  Thorax  with  slight  cinereous  tomentuni  in  front. 
Legs  black.  Wings  cinereous ;  veins  black  ;  pra;brachial  vein  form- 
ing a  much-rounded  and  very  obtuse  angle  at  its  flexure,  almost 
straight  thence  to  the  tip ;  discal  transverse  vein  hardly  undulating, 
parted  by  full  half  its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  a  little  less 
than  its  length  from  the  flexure  of  the  prsebrachial  vein ;  alulae 
blackish  cinereous  ;  halteres  black.  Length  of  the  body  4  lines  ;  of 
the  wings  7  lines. 

Gen.  Muse  A,  Linn. 

65.  MuscA  soRDiDissiMA,  n.  s.  Mas.  Nigra,  cinereo  subtomentosa, 
alis  nigricantibus,  alulis  sordide  einereis. 

Male.  Black ;  slightly  covered  with  cinereous  tomentum.  Wings 
blackish  ;  veins  black  ;  ])ra3brachial  vein  forming  a  very  obtuse  angle 
at  its  flexure,  very  slightly  curved  inward  thence  to  the  tip ;  discal 
transverse  vein  nearly  straight,  parted  by  full  half  its  length  from 
the  border,  and  by  about  its  length  from  the  flexure  of  the  prae- 
brachial  vein ;  alulae  dingy  cinereous.  Length  of  the  body  4  lines  ; 
of  the  wings  7  lines. 

G6.  MuscA  ARicioiDES,  n.  s.  Mas.  Rufescenti-fulva,  capite  antico 
cano,  palpis  nigris,  antennis  testaceis,  thoracis  disco  piceo,  abdomine 
cano-subtessellato  fasciis  duabus  piceis,  pedibus  nigris,  alis  obscure 
einereis. 

Male.  Reddish  tawny.  Head  hoary  in  front.  Eyes  bare.  Proboscis 
and  palpi  black.  Antennae  testaceous ;  3rd  joint  about  four  times  the 
length  of  the  2nd.  Thorax  piceous  on  the  disk.  Rectus  with  a  hoary 
band.  Abdomen  paler  towards  the  tip,  with  two  piceous  bands, 
slightly  tessellated  with  hoary  reflexions.  Legs  black ;  femora  at 
the  base  and  coxae  reddish  tawny.  Wings  dark  cinereous ;  veins 
black,  tawny  towards  the  base ;  flexure  of  the  praebrachial  vein  form- 
ing a  curve  which  is  very  near  the  border ;  discal  transverse  vein 
slightly  undulating,  parted  by  more  than  half  its  length  from  the 
border,  and  by  more  than  its  length  from  the  flexure  of  the  prae- 
brachial vein ;  alulae  whitish  cinereous.  Length  of  the  body  4  lines  ; 
of  the  wings  7  lines. 

This  species  seems  to  connect  the  Muscides  with  the  Anthomyides. 

Gen.  OcHEOMTiA,  Macg^. 
Ctl .  Ochromyia  promittens.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  134. 

Gen.  Graptomtza,  Desv. 

68.  Grajitonivza  callijdioroidos,  Walk.     See  Vol.  V,  p.  245. 

Subfam.  Anthomyides,  Walk. 

Gen.  Aricia,  Macq. 

69.  Aricia  albicornis,  n.  s.      Mas  et  Fcem.  Ochraceo-fulva,  capite 


WAIGIOU,  MTSOL,  AND  NORTH  CERAM.  217 

antico  argenteo,  frontalibus  foeminae  atris,  palpis  nigris,  antennis  albis 
basi  fulvis,  thoracis  disco  abdominisque  fasciis  duabus  nigris,  tibiis 
tarsisque  nigris,  alls  obscure  cinereis. 
Male  and  Female.  Ochraceous  tawny.  Head  silvery  in  front ;  frontalia 
of  the  female  deep  black.  Proboscis  and  palpi  black.  Antennae 
white,  tawny  at  the  base.  Disk  of  the  thorax  black.  Abdomen  with 
two  black  bands  on  the  hind  borders  of  the  second  and  third  seg- 
ments. Tibiae  and  tarsi  black.  Wings  dark  cinereous  ;  veins  black, 
tawny  at  the  base ;  praebrachial  vein  slightly  curved  towards  the  tip  ; 
discal  transverse  vein  slightly  undulating,  parted  by  much  more  than 
half  its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  much  more  than  its  length 
from  the  praebrachial  transverse  vein.  Length  of  the  body  4^  lines ; 
of  the  wings  10  lines. 
This  species  also  inhabits  New  Guinea ;  and  Spilogaster  xanthoceras  is 
mentioned  erroneously  as  a  native  of  that  country,  in  Vol.  V.  p.  246. 

70.  Aricia  significans.  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  107. 

71.  Aricia  contraria,  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  140. 

72.  Aricia  leucoceros,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Fulva,  capite  antico  albo, 
antennis  albido-flavis  basi  fulvis,  thoracis  disco  piceo  vitta  fulva, 
abdomine  fasciis  tribus  piceis,  3a  interrupta,  tibiis  tarsisque  piceis, 
alis  cinereis  costam  versus  fulvescentibus. 

Male.  Tawny,  with  black  bristles.  Head  white  in  front.  Proboscis 
and  palpi  black.  Antennae  whitish  yellow,  tawny  at  the  base.  Disk 
of  the  thorax  piceous,  with  a  tawny  stripe.  Abdomen  rather  paler 
than  the  thorax,  with  three  piceous  bands;  1st  bind  convex  on  the 
fore  border  ;  2nd  angular  in  the  middle  of  the  fore  border ;  3rd 
widely  interrupted.  Legs  rather  long;  tibiae  and  tarsi  piceous. 
Wings  cinereous,  with  a  tawny  tinge  in  front ;  veins  black,  tawny 
towards  the  base ;  cubital  and  praebrachial  veins  slightly  approaching 
each  other  towards  the  border ;  discal  transverse  vein  slightly  undu- 
lating, parted  by  less  than  its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  a  little 
more  than  its  length  from  the  praebrachial  transverse  vein.  Length 
of  the  body  5  lines  ;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

73.  Aricia  biplaga,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Testacea,  capite  nigro  albo  tomen- 
toso,  antennis  albido-flavis,  thoracis  disco  nigricante  fasciis  tribus  canis, 
abdomine  nigro  apicem  versus  cano-tessellato,  alis  fuscescenti-cinereis, 
alulis  albidis. 

Female.  Testaceous,  with  black  bristles.  Head  black,  with  white  to- 
mentura.  Proboscis  and  palpi  piceous.  Antennae  whitish  yellow. 
Disk  of  the  thorax  blackish,  with  three  hoary  stripes.  Abdomen  black, 
and  lightly  tessellated  with  hoary  reflexions  towards  the  tip.  Tibiae 
darker  than  the  femora ;  tarsi  piceous.  Wings  brownish  cinereous  ; 
veins  black,  tawny  towards  the  base  ;  cubital  vein  very  slightly  curved 
towards  the  tip ;  discal  transverse  vein  hardly  undulating,  parted  by 


218  MB.  r.  WALKEE  ON  DIPTEEA  COLLECTED  IN 

more  than  half  its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  more  than  its 
length  from  the  praebrachial  transverse  vein ;  alulae  whitish.  Length 
of  the  body  4  lines ;  of  the  wings  8  Unes. 

74.  Aricia  prolixa,  u.  s.  Foem.  Fulva,  eapite  nigro,  oculis  albido 
cinctis,  antennis  albido-flavis,  thorace  vitta  lata  nigra,  abdomine  fasciis 
duabus  guttisque  duabus  posticis  nigris,  tibiis  tarsisque  piceis,  ahs 
cinereis. 

Female.  Tawny,  with  black  bristles.  Head  black,  with  whitish  tomen- 
tum  in  front  and  along  the  eyes.  Proboscis  and  palpi  black.  Antennae 
whitish  yellow.  Thorax  with  a  broad  black  stripe  which  extends  to 
the  base  of  the  seutellum.  Abdomen  with  two  black  bands,  and  with 
a  black  dot  on  each  side  near  the  tip.  Tibiae  and  tarsi  piceous. 
Wings  cinereous ;  veins  black,  tawny  towards  the  base  ;  cubital  and 
praebrachial  veins  very  slightly  converging  towards  the  tip ;  discal 
transverse  vein  slightly  bent  inward,  parted  by  much  more  than  half 
its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  hardly  more  than  its  length  from 
the  praebrachial  transverse  vein ;  alulae  whitish  cinereous.  Length 
of  the  body  31  lines  ;  of  the  wings  6  lines. 

Gen.  CiENOSiA,  Meigen. 

75.  CiENOSiA  LiTURATA,  n.  s.  FcEm.  Glauco-cana,  eapite  antico  tes- 
taceo,  oculis  albido  cinctis,  antennis  testaceis,  abdomine  vittis  quatuor 
e  maculis  nigris>  pedibus  halteribusque  testaceis,  alis  cinereis. 

Female.  Glaucous  hoary,  with  black  bristles.  Head  testaceous  in  front, 
whitish  along  the  eyes.  Palpi  and  antennae  testaceous,  the  latter 
extending  to  the  epistoma ;  arista  plumose.  Abdomen  with  four  rows 
of  elongated  black  spots.  Legs  testaceous;  tarsi  piceous.  Wings 
cinereous ;  veins  black,  testaceous  towards  the  base  ;  discal  transverse 
vein  straight,  parted  by  its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  almost 
twice  its  length  from  the  praebrachial  transverse  vein ;  alulae  white ; 
halteres  testaceous.  Length  of  the  body  3  lines;  of  the  wings 
5  lines. 

Subfam.  Boeboetdes,  Haliday. 

Gen.  CoTAMBA,  Walk. 

76.  Cotamba  fumifera,  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  247. 

Subfam.  Helomtzides,  FalUn. 
Gen.  Helomtza,  FalUn. 

77.  Helorayza  atripennis.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  109. 

78.  Helorayza  observans.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  143. 

79.  Helomyza  meritoria,  n.  s.    Fcem.  Testacea,  thorace  vittis  duabus 


WAIGIOU,  MTSOL,  AND  NORTH  CEEAM.  219 

pallldioribus,  abdomine  lanceolate  vittis  duabus  fuscis,  alis  nigri- 
cautibus,  maculis  tribiis  marginalibus  uuaque  costali  punctoque  discali 
limpidis,  spatio  basali  limj)ido  striga  nigricante. 
Female.  Testaceous,  witli  black  bristles.  Head  paler  in  front  and  about 
the  eyes.  Antennae  about  half  the  length  of  the  face.  Arista  thinly 
and  minutely  pectinated.  Thorax  with  two  paler  stripes.  Abdomen 
lanceolate,  longer  and  much  narrower  than  the  thorax,  with  a  brown 
stripe  along  each  side.  Tarsi,  except  towards  the  base,  and  hind  knees 
brownish.  Wings  blackish ;  basal  part  limpid,  with  the  exception  of 
a  blackish  streak  ;  a  limpid  angular  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  costa ; 
three  limpid,  partl}^  connected  spots  on  the  interior  border ;  a  limpid 
l)oint  in  front  of  the  discal  transverse  vein  ;  veins  black,  testaceous  at 
the  base ;  discal  transverse  vein  nearly  straight,  parted  by  less  than 
half  its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  more  than  its  length  from  the 
pra^brachial  transverse  vein.  Length  of  the  body  6  lines;  of  the 
wings  10  lines. 

80.  Helomyza  fissifera,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Testacea,  arista  plumosa, 
abdomine  e  guttis  nigris  bilineato,  alis  cinereis,  venis  nigricante  nebu- 
losis. 

Female.  Testaceous,  with  black  bristles.  Antennae  not  reaching  the 
epistoma;  arista  plumose.  Abdomen  with  two  rows  of  black  dots. 
Legs  paler  than  the  body.  Wings  cinereous ;  veins  black,  testaceous 
towards  the  base  ;  longitudinal  veins,  towards  the  tips,  and  transverse 
veins  blackish -clouded;  discal  transverse  vein  straight,  parted  by  half 
its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  much  more  than  its  length  from 
the  prsebrachial  transverse  vein.  Length  of  the  body  2|  lines ;  of 
the  wings  6  lines. 

Allied  to  H.  restituta. 

G-en.  SciOMTZA,  Fallen. 

81.  Sciomyza  leucomelana.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  144. 

Subfam.  Lauxanides,  Walk. 
Gen.  LoNCH^A,  FalUn. 

82.  Loncbsea  inops,  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  110. 

Subfam.  Oktalides,  Haliday. 
Gen.  Ortalis,  Fallen. 

83.  Ortalis  leucomera,  n.  s.  Fam.  Obscure  viridis,  capite  rufe- 
scente  punctis  duobus  nigris,  antennis  testaceis,  abdomine  pedi- 
busque  nigris,  tarsis  albis,  alis  albis  nigro  quadrifasciatis,  fascia 
1*  abbreviata,  2^*  furcata,  4*  interrupta,  halteribus  albis. 

Female.  Dark-green,  shining,  with  black  bristles.  Head  reddish,  black 
towards  the  peristoma,  and  with  a  black  point  on  each  side  of  the 


220  ME.  F.  WALKEK  ON  DIPTERA  COLLECTED  IK 

vertex.  Antennae  testaceous,  short ;  arista  minutely  plumulose.  Ab- 
domen and  legs  black ;  tarsi  white.  Wings  white,  with  four  blackish 
bands;  1st  band  abbreviated  hindward  ;  2nd  forked  near  the  costa ; 
4th  apical,  obliquely  divided  in  the  middle ;  veins  black ;  discal  trans- 
verse vein  straight,  parted  by  less  than  its  length  from  the  border, 
and  by  much  more  than  its  length  from  the  praebrachial  transverse 
vein ;  halteres  white.  Length  of  the  body  3  lines ;  of  the  wings  6 
lines. 


Gen.  Strumeta,  Walk. 

84.  Strumeta  HELOMYZoiDES,  n.  s.  3fas  ef  Fcem.  Testacea,  thorace 
pectoreque  nigro  quadrivittatis,  abdomine  ovato  {mas)  aut  lanceolato 
(fcem.)  apicem  versus  nigricaute,  alis  nigricautibus  postice  cinereis. 

Male  and  Female.  Testaceous,  with  long  black  bristles.  Antennae 
much  less  than  half  the  length  of  the  face ;  arista  plumose.  Thorax 
with  four  black  stripes ;  inner  stripes  extending  along  the  sides  of  the 
scutellum ;  outer  stripes  extending  to  the  fore  wings.  Pectus  with 
two  black  stripes  on  each  side.  Abdomen  blackish  towards  the  tip, 
oval  in  the  male,  lanceolate  in  the  female.  Wings  blackish,  hind  part 
cinereous  for  more  than  half  the  breadth,  and  for  two-thirds  of  the 
length  from  the  base ;  veins  black ;  discal  transverse  vein  nearly 
straight,  parted  by  half  its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  much  more 
than  its  length  from  the  praebrachial  transverse  vein.  Length  of  the 
body  5-6  lines;  of  the  wings  10-11  lines. 

Gen.  Lamprogaster,  Macq. 

85.  Lamprogaster  marginifera,  Walk.     See  Vol.  ILL  p.  111. 

86.  Lamprogaster  scutellaris,  f^Fa^A:.     See  Vol.  IlL  p.  112. 

87.  Lamprogaster  SEPSOIDES,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Cyaneo-purpurea,  capite 
antico  rufescente,  oculis  albo  cinctis,  antenuis  rufescentibus,  thorace 
vittis  duabus  anticis  cinereis,  scutello  abdomineque  purpureis,  pedibus 
piceis,  tarsis  argenteis  apice  nigris,  alis  subcinereis  nigro  quadristri- 
gatis,  striga  1*  basali,  2"  3^ que  transversis,  4*  costali  subapicali. 

Female.  Bluish  purple,  with  black  bristles.  Head  reddish,  blacky  above, 
white  about  the  eyes.  Antennae  reddish  ;  arista  bare.  Thorax  with 
an  indistinct  cinereous  stripe  on  each  side  in  front ;  scutellum  and  ab- 
domen purple,  the  latter  dull  ferruginous  beneath.  Legs  piceous; 
tarsi  silvery,  black  towards  the  tips.  Wiugs  slightly  cinereous,  with 
an  irregular  black  basal  streak,  with  a  black  streak  along  the  apical 
part  of  the  costa,  and  with  two  intermediate  transverse  black  streaks, 
of  which  the  first  is  abbreviated  hindward,  and  the  second  is  inter- 
rupted between  the  cubital  vein  and  the  praebrachial  vein  and  extends 
along  the  discal  transverse  vein ;  veins  tawny,  black  towards  the  tips; 
halterc's  tawny,  with  black  knobs.  Length  of  the  body  5  lines;  of 
the  wings  10  lines. 


WAIGIOU,  MYSOL,  AND  NORTH  CEEAM.  221 

Gen.  Dacus,  Fahr. 

88.  Dacus  pubiseta,  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  294. 

Var.  Paler,  probably  immature ;  markings  of  the  wings  less  distinct. 

89.  Dacus  lituratus,  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  251. 

Gen.  PoLYARA,  Walk. 

90.  Polyara  insolita,  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  123. 

Female.  Abdomen  lanceolate,  about  thrice  the  length  of  the  thorax; 
two-thirds  of  the  length  forming  a  stj^le,  which  is  concave  except 
towards  the  tip.     Length  of  the  body  8  lines. 

Subfam.  Sepsides,  Walk. 
Gen.  Calobata,  Fabr. 

91.  Calobata  diffundens.  Walk.     See  Vol.  VI.  p.  17. 

92.  Calobata  coNTiNGENS,  n.  s.  Mas.  Cinereo-nigra,  capite  argen- 
teo,  oculis  albo  cinctis,  abdomine  fasciis  tribus  subargenteo-cinereis, 
femoribus  posterioribus  flavescente  bifasciatis,  femoribus  posticis  basi 
flavesceutibus,  tarsis  anticis  albis,  alis  cinereis  nigrieante  trifasciatis. 

Male.  Cinereous  black.  Head  silvery,  white  about  the  eyes.  Pectus 
with  a  slight  silvery  tinge.  Abdomen  with  three  cinereous  bands, 
which  have  a  slight  silvery  tinge.  Legs  black;  posterior  femora  with 
two  yellowish  bands,  one  subapical,  the  other  apical;  hind  femora  yel- 
lowish at  the  base  ;  fore  tarsi  white,  except  at  the  base.  Wings  cine- 
reous, with  three  broad  blackish  bands,  of  which  the  3rd  is  apical ; 
veins  black  ;  cubital  and  prabrachial  veins  connected  near  the  tips. 
Length  of  the  body  6  lines ;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

Closely  allied  to  C.  albitarsis. 

93.  Calobata  immiscens,  n.  s.  Mas.  Nigra,  antennis  rufis,  thora- 
cis disco  subcinereo,  ventre  ferrugiueo,  pedibus  fulvis,  tarsis  posteriori- 
bus, femoribus  anticis,  apice  tibiisque  anticis  nigris,  femoribus  poste- 
rioribus subfasciatis,  tarsis  anticis  albis  basi  nigris,  alis  cinereis  fusces- 
cente  subobsolete  bifasciatis. 

Male.  Black.  Antennae  red.  Disk  of  the  thorax  slightly  cinereous. 
Abdomen  ferruginous  beneath.  Legs  tawny ;  posterior  femora  with 
almost  obsolete  darker  bands ;  jjosterior  tarsi,  fore  femora  towards  the 
tips,  and  fore  tibiae  black ;  fore  tarsi  white,  black  at  the  base.  Wings 
cinereous,  with  two  very  indistinct  brownish  bands,  of  which  the  2nd 
is  apical ;  veins  black ;  cubital  and  pra;braehial  veins  nearly  united  at 
the  tips.     Length  of  the  body  6^  lines;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

Gen.  Cardiacbphala,  Macq. 

94.  Cardiacephaia  debilis,  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  124. 


222  MR.  F,  WALKEB  ON  DIPTERA  COLLECTED  IN 

Subfam.  Psilides,  Walk. 
Gen.  MiCROPEZA,  Macq. 

95.  Micropeza  fragilis.  Walk.     See  Vol.  I.  p.  37. 

Gen.  Angitula,  Walk. 

96.  Angitula  longicollis,  Walk.  See  Vol.  III.  p.  123.  Elaphomyiapo- 
lita,  Saund.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc,  New  Series,  v.  416,  pi.  12.  f.  6,  pi.  13.  f.  1. 

Gen.  Elaphomtia,  Saunders. 

97.  Elaphomyia  cervicornis,  Saund.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  New  Series,  v. 
414,  pi.  12.  f.  4,  5. 

Subfam,  Htdeomtzides,  Haliday. 

Gen.  NoTiPHiLA,  FalUn. 

98.  NoTiPHiLA  ORTALiDoiDES,  n.  s.  FcEJU.  Atra,  obscura,  capitc  an- 
tico  argenteo,  tliorace  postico  et  abdomine  cineveo  tomentosis,  tarsis 
piceis  basi  albidis,  alls  nigris,  fasciis  duabus  interruptis  puuetisque 
tribus  discalibus  albis,  balteribus  pallidis. 

Female.  Deep  black,  dull.  Head  silvery  in  front.  Antennae  nearly 
reaching  the  epistoma ;  3rd  joint  linear,  rounded  at  the  tip ;  arista 
plumose.  Thorax  hindward  and  abdomen  with  slight  cinereous  to- 
mentum.  Tarsi  piceous,  whitish  towards  the  base.  Wings  black, 
with  two  white  interrupted  bands,  and  with  three  white  points  on  the 
disk  nearer  the  base ;  veins  black ;  discal  transverse  vein  straight, 
parted  by  less  than  its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  more  than  its 
length  from  the  praebrachial  transverse  vein  ;  halteres  pale.  Length 
of  the  body  2i  lines ;  of  the  wings  5  lines. 

99.  NoTiPHiLA  UNicoLOR,  n.  s.  Ferruginea,  antennis  fulvis  arista 
plumosa,  abdomine  piceo  segmentis  cinereo  marginatis,  pedibus  fulvis, 
alis  fuscescenti-cinereis,  balteribus  albidis. 

Ferruginous.  Antennae  tawny,  very  short ;  3rd  joint  conical ;  arista 
plumose.  Abdomen  piceous ;  hind  borders  of  the  segments  cinereous. 
Legs  tawny.  Wings  brownish  cinereous ;  veins  black  ;  discal  trans- 
verse vein  straight,  parted  by  much  more  than  its  lengtli  from  the 
border,  and  by  much  more  than  twice  its  length  from  the  praibrachial 
transverse  veinj  halteres  whitish.  Length  of  the  body  If  line;  of 
the  wings  3^  lines. 

Fam.  HTPPOBOSCID^,  Leach. 
Gen.  Ornithomyia,  Leach. 

100.  Ornithomyia  Batchianica,  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  300. 


watgiotj,  mtsol,  and  north  ceram  223 

"Waigiou. 
Pam.  MTCETOPHILIDiE,  Haliday. 

Gen.  Leia,  Meigen. 

1.  Leia  indivisa,  n.  s.  Fam.  Ochracea,  antennis  nigris  basi  ochra- 
ceis,  abdomine  clavato  depresso,  tibiis  tarsisque  subsetulosis,  alls  cine- 
reis  plagis  tribus  obscui-ioribus,  venuUs  duabus  subcostalibus  nigro 
nebulosis. 

Female.  Ochraceous.  Antennse  black,  except  at  the  base.  Ocelli  nearly 
coutigiious,  in  a  line  with  the  hind  border  of  the  eyes.  Abdomen  de- 
pressed, increasing  in  breadth  from  the  base  to  the  tip.  Legs  rather 
long  and  slender;  tibiae  and  tarsi  minutely  setulose,  a  little  darker 
than  the  femora  and  coxae.  Wings  cinereous,  with  tvA'o  elongated 
darker  cinereous  spots  along  the  hind  border,  the  second  also  apical ; 
costa  with  a  darker  cinereous  apical  streak;  veins  black,  ochraceous 
at  the  base ;  two  oblique  subcostal  veinlets  clouded  with  black. 
Length  of  the  body  'S\  lines;  of  the  wings  6  lines. 
This  species,  in  the  structure  of  the  wing-veins,  differs  somewhat  from  all 
the  European  groups  of  the  genus. 

Paul.  STEATIOMID^,  Haliday. 
Gen.  Nerua,  Walk. 

2.  Nerua  scenopinoides,  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  81. 

Fam.  ASILID^,  Leach. 
Subfam.  Laphrites,  Walk. 
Gen.  Laphria,  Fahr. 

3.  Laphria  complens,  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  106. 

4.  Laphria  manifesta.  Walk,     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  87. 

5.  Laphria  aperta.  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  87. 

6.  Laphria  puer,  Doleschall.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  147. 

7.  Laphria  auribasis,  n.  s.  Fam.  Cupreo-nigra,  capite  pilis  aureis 
vestito,  mystace  e  setis  nigris,  antennarum  articulo  3"  lineari,  abdomine 
basi  subtusque  aurato  pilis  apicalibus  nigris,  pedibus  aurato  pilosis, 
femoribus  incrassatis,  alis  nigricantibus  basi  cinereis,  halteribus  flavo- 
albis. 

Female.  Cupreous  black,  stout.  Head  with  brightly  gilded  hairs  in 
front,  thickly  clothed  beneath  with  less  gilded  hairs ;  mystax  composed 
of  several  black  bristles.  Proboscis,  palpi,  and  antennae  black ;  3rd 
joint  of  the  antennae  linear,  elongate-conical  towards  the  tip.  Pectus 
with  gilded  tomentum.  Abdomen  brightly  gilded  beneath  and  at  the 
base  above ;  tip  black,  shining,  with  black  hairs.  Legs  robust,  thickly 
covered  with  long  gilded  hairs  ;  femora  much  incrassated ;  tarsi  with 


224  MR.  F.  WALKER  ON  DIPTEEA  COLLECTED  IK 

black  bristles.  Wiugs  blackish,  cinereous  towards  the  base ;  veins 
black  ;  halteres  yellowish  white.  Length  of  the  body  10  lines ;  of  the 
wings  18  lines. 

Subfam.  Asilites,  Walk, 
Gen.  AsiLUS,  Linn. 

8.  AsiLUs  BiLiGATUs,  n.  s.  Mas.  Cervinus,  capite  antico  albido, 
mystace  e  setis  albis,  antennis  nigris,  thorace  vittis  quatuor  fuscis, 
abdomine  fusco  segmentis  cinereo  uiarginatis  apice  nigro,  pedibus 
luteis,  alis  cinereis  apice  nigricantibus,  halteribus  flavescentibus. 

Male.  Fawn-colour,  with  a  few  black  bristles.  Head  whitish  in  front ; 
epistoma  not  prominent ;  mystax  composed  of  several  white  bristles. 
Proboscis,  palpi,  and  antennae  black  ;  3rd  joint  of  the  antenna;  lance- 
olate ;  arista  a  little  longer  than  the  3rd  joint.  Thorax  with  four 
brown  stripes,  the  lateral  pair  interrupted.  Pectus  hoary.  Abdomen 
brown ;  hind  borders  of  the  segments  cinereous ;  tip  black,  shining. 
Legs  luteous,  robust,  with  a  few  black  bristles ;  tarsi  piceous  towards 
the  tips.  Wings  cinereous,  blackish  towards  the  tips  ;  veins  black  ; 
halteres  yellowish.  Length  of  the  body  10  lines;  of  the  wings  18 
lines. 

G-en.  Ommatius,  llliger. 

9.  Ommatius  lucifer.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  88. 

10.  Ommatius  invehens,  n.  s.  Faun.  Niger,  sat  robustus,  facie 
albida,  mystace  e  setis  albis,  thoracis  suturis  lateribus  pectoreque 
canis,  abdomine  clavato  segmentis  cinereo  marginatis  apice  fulvo, 
tarsis  posticis  basi  tibiisque  fulvis,  alis  nigricanti-cinereis,  halteribus 
pallide  flavis. 

Female.  Black,  rather  stout.  Face  whitish ;  mystax  composed  of  white 
bristles.  Third  joint  of  the  antennae  conical,  very  small.  Shoulders, 
sutures  and  sides  of  the  thorax,  and  pectus  hoary.  Abdomen  clavate, 
rather  flat,  less  than  twice  the  length  of  the  thorax  ;  hind  borders  of 
the  segments  cinereous ;  tip  tawny.  Legs  stout ;  tibiae  tawny ;  hind 
tarsi  tawny  towards  the  base.  Wings  blackish  cinereous ;  veins  black  ; 
halteres  pale  yellow.  Length  of  the  body  6  lines ;  of  the  wings  13 
lines. 

"Fam.  BOMBYLID.^,  Leach. 
Subfam.  Thebevites,  Walk. 
Gen.  Thebeva,  Latr. 
U.  Thereva  congrua.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  90. 

Subfam.  Bombtlites,  Walk. 
Gen.  Anthrax,  Fahr. 
12.  Anthrax  Pclops,  Walk.     See  Vol.  HI.  j).  90. 


WAIGIOU,  MTSOL,  AND  NORTH  CERAM.  225 

13.  Anthrax  semiscita,  Walk.     See  V^ol.  I.  p.  118. 

14.  Anthrax  praetendens,  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  111. 

Earn.  STRPHIDiE,  LeacJi. 

Gen.  Eristalis,  Latr. 

15.  Eristalis  spiendensj  Leguillon.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  95. 

Gren.  Syrphus,  Fahr. 

16.  Syrphus  segrotus,  Fabr.     See  Vol.  I.  p.  124. 

Earn.  CONOPID^,  Leach. 

Gen.  CoNOPS,  Linn. 

17.  CoNOPS  metaxantha,  n.  s.  Mas.  Nigra,  capite  sulcato,  facie 
aurata,  abdouiine  apicem  versus  aurato  subtus  fulvo,  femoribus  apice 
tibiisque  rufescentibus,  alis  cinereis  antice  fuscescentibus,  halteribus 
flavis  apice  fulvis. 

Male.  Black,  with  slight  cinereous  tomentum.  Head  broader  than  the 
thorax  ;  vertex  transversely  furrowed  ;  front  longitudinally  furrowed ; 
face  with  bright  pale-gilded  tomentum.  Antennae  longer  than  the 
breadth  of  the  head,  lanceolate  towards  the  tips,  which  are  stylate. 
Abdomen  gilded  towards  the  tip,  which  is  tawny  beneath.  Femora, 
towards  the  tips,  and  tibia;  dull  red.  Wings  cinereous,  brownish  in 
front ;  veins  black ;  halteres  pale  yellow,  with  tawny  knobs.  Length 
of  the  bod}'  7  lines  ;  of  the  wings  14  lines. 

Earn.  MUSCID^,  Latr. 
Subfam.  Dexides,  Walk. 

Gen.  EuTiLiA,  Desv. 

18.  Rutilia  moneta,  Gerstdcker.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  241. 

19.  Rutilia  lucigena,  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  242. 

Gen.  DOLESCHALLA,   Walk. 

20.  DoLESCHALLA  coNSORS,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Picea,  capite  argenteo,  fron- 
talibus  atris,  vittis  duabus  anticis  antennisque  nigris,  thoracis  vitta, 
lateribus  pectoreque  argeuteis,  abdomine  subchalybeo  fasciis  tribus 
atris  duabusque  albidis,  pedibus  longis,  alis  angustis  cinereis,  costa 
et  venarum  niarginibus  nigris,  alulis  albido-cinereis. 

Female.  Piceous,  slender,  cylindrical.  Head  silvery  white ;  frontalia 
deep  black,  broad,  linear  ;  a  black  stripe  on  each  side  of  the  epistoma. 
Antennae  black,  nearly  reaching  the  epistoma ;  3rd  joint  linear,  slen- 


226  MR.  T.  WALKEE  ON  DIPTERA  COLLECTED  IN 

der,  about  six  times  the  length  of  the  2n(l.  Thorax  with  a  silvery 
stripe,  which  is  attenuated  in  front ;  sides  and  pectus  silvery.  Abdo- 
men with  a  chalybeous  tinge,  more  than  twice  the  length  of  the 
thorax ;  2nd,  3rd,  and  4th  segments  with  broad  deep-black  bands  on 
their  hind  borders  ;  3rd  and  4th  with  whitish  fore  borders.  Legs 
long.  Wings  narrow,  cinereous,  black  along  the  costa  and  along  the 
borders  of  the  veins ;  prsebrachial  vein  much  carved  at  its  flexure, 
straight  thence  to  the  tip  ;  discal  transverse  vein  curved  inward, 
parted  by  less  than  half  its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  less  than 
its  length  from  the  flexure  of  the  praebrachial  vein ;  alulae  whitish 
cinereous.     Length  of  the  body  /  lines;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

21.  DoLESCHALLA  GONYPEDoiDES,  n.  s.  Mas.  Obscurc  fusca,  capite 
argenteo,  frontalibus  atris,  antennis  nigris  basi  fulvis,  abdomine  lon- 
gissimo  maculis  octo  lateralibus  conicis  chalybeo-testaceis,  pedibus 
nigris  longissimis,  ahs  obscure  cinereis,  costa  venisque  nigricante 
nebulosis. 

Male.  Dark  brown.  Head  silvery  white ;  frontalia  deep  black,  widening 
in  front.  Proboscis,  palpi,  and  antennae  black ;  the  latter  not  reach- 
the  epistoma,  tawny  at  the  base.  Thorax  cinereous  along  the  sutures ; 
sides  and  pectus  whitish.  Abdomen  thrice  the  length  of  the  thorax, 
with  four  large  conical  testaceous  chalybeous-tinged  spots  on  each 
side.  Legs  black,  very  long.  Wings  dark  cinereous ;  costa  and 
borders  of  the  veins  blackish-clouded ;  praebrachial  vein  very  near 
the  border,  and  emitting  a  short  branch  at  its  flexure,  near  which  it  is 
curved  inward,  straight  thence  to  its  tip ;  discal  transverse  vein  un- 
dulating, parted  by  much  less  than  half  its  length  from  the  border, 
and  by  a  little  more  than  its  length  from  the  flexure  of  the  praebra- 
chial vein  ;  alulae  pale  cinereous.  Length  of  the  body  9  lines  ;  of  the 
wings  12  lines. 

Gen.  Peosena,  St.  Farg. 

22.  Prosena  pectoralis.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  101. 

Female"?  Blackish.  Head  silvery  white ;  frontalia  deep  black,  slightly 
widening  in  front.  Antennae  tawny,  not  reaching  the  epistoma.  Thoivix 
with  two  whitish  stripes ;  sides  and  pectus  white.  Abdomen  oval, 
whitish,  with  long  stout  bristles;  a  deep-black  band  on  the  hind 
border  of  each  segment.  Legs  black ;  coxae  and  femora  tawnv, 
the  latter  with  black  tips.  Wings  cinereous,  diffusedly  and  indis- 
tinctly brownish-bordered  along  the  veins  ;  praebrachial  vein  forming 
an  obtuse  angle  at  its  flexure,  very  slightly  curved  inwards  thence 
to  the  tip  ;  discal  transverse  vein  slightly  undulating,  parted  by  half 
its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  less  than  its  length  from  the 
flexure  of  the  praebrachial  vein. 

There  are  two  errors  in  the  description  referred  to  above.  The  s])eci- 
men  there  characterized  is  a  male,  and  is  not  a  Dexia. 


WAIGIOU,  MYSOL,  AND  NORTH  CERAM.  227 

Subfam.  Muscides,  W^alk. 
Gen.  SiLBOMTiA,  Macq^. 

23.  Silbomyia  costalis.  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  159. 

Gen.  MuscA,  lAnn. 

24.  Musca  obscurata,  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  105. 

Subfam.  Helomyzides,  Fallen. 

Gen.  Drtomyza,  Fallen. 

25.  Dryomyza  semicyanea.  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  109. 

Gen.  Xarnuta,  Walk. 

26.  Xarnuta  leucotelus.  Walk.     See  Vol.  I.  p.  28. 

Subfam.  Ortalides,  Holiday. 

Gen.  A  DRAMA,  Walk. 

27.  Adrama  selecta.  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  118. 

Gen.  Strumeta,  Walk. 

28.  Strumeta  concisa,  n.  s.  F(Em.  Fulva,  subtus  albido-flava,  tho- 
racis lateribus  piceis,  scutello  albido-flavo,  abdomine  nigro  antice  al- 
bido-flavo,  pedibus  albido-flavis,  alis  nigro-fuscis,  costa  cinereo  macii- 
lata,  margine  postico  cinereo  maculis  fuscis. 

Female.  Tawny,  whitish  yellow  beneath.  Antennae  not  reaching  the 
epistoma ;  3rd  joint  linear,  rounded  at  the  tip ;  arista  minutely  setu- 
lose.  Thorax  piceous  along  each  side  ;  scutellum  whitish  yellow. 
Abdomen  oval,  black,  shining,  broader,  but  hardly  longer,  than  the 
thorax ;  basal  half  whitish  yellow.  Legs  whitish  yellow.  Wings 
blackish,  brown  along  the  costa  and  towards  the  hind  border,  which 
is  cinereous,  with  several  brown  spots ;  costa  with  a  few  cinereous 
spots ;  veins  black ;  cubital  vein  deeply  undulating,  emitting  a  branch 
towards  the  costa  near  its  tip,  which  is  abruptly  curved  and  joins  the 
costa;  discal  transverse  vein  nearly  straight,  parted  by  less  than  half 
its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  about  its  length  from  the  prae- 
brachial  transverse  vein ;  halteres  pale.  Length  of  the  body  2|  lines  ; 
of  the  wings  7  lines. 

Gen.  PoTiCARA,  Walk. 

29.  PoTiCARA  TRicuRVATA,  n.  s.  Mas.  Nigra,  capite  antico  flavo, 
antennis  rufescentibus,  arista  plumosa,  scutello  metathorace  pectoreque 
purpureis  aut  cyaneis,  abdomine  fusiformi  purpurascenti-cyaneo,  pe- 
dibus piceis,  femoribus  flavis,  alis  nigris,  lituris  costalibus  et  margina- 
libus  limpidis. 


228  MR.  F.  WALKER  ON  DIPTER.V  COLLECTED  IN 

Male.  Black,  Head  bright  yellow  in  front ;  epistoma  very  large.  An- 
tennae reddish  ;  3rd  joint  short,  slender,  linear  ;  arista  plumose.  Tho- 
rax with  a  slight  cinereous  bloom ;  scutellum,  metathorax,  and  pectus 
dark  purple  or  blue,  shining.  Abdomen  fusiform,  dark  purplish  blue, 
not  longer,  but  very  much  narrower,  than  the  thorax.  Legs  piceous  ; 
coxae  and  femora  yellow.  Wings  black,  ample,  with  a  limpid  costal 
space,  which  is  divided  by  two  streaks ;  each  of  the  latter  has  a  lurid 
band ;  hind  exterior  space  limpid,  with  two  streaks,  of  which  the  first 
is  dilated  on  each  side  of  the  discal  transverse  vein  ;  hind  border  limpid 
towards  the  base  ;  veins  black,  contorted ;  praebrachial  transverse  vein 
and  discal  transverse  vein  forming  a  continuous  curved  line.  Length 
of  the  body  5  lines ;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

Gren.  Plattstoma,  Latr. 

30.  Platystoma  PROTENSA,  n.s.  Foem.  Ciuerea,  capite  antennisque 
lutescentibus,  facie  alba,  thorace  vittis  sex  fuscis,  abdomine  fasciis 
piceis,  pedibus  nigricantibus,  alis  cinereis  fasciis  nonnullis  interruptis 
aut  guttularibus  tribusque  integris  nigricantibus,  halteribus  albidis. 

Female.  Cinereous.  Head  dull  luteous;  face  white.  Antennre  dull 
luteous,  about  half  the  length  of  the  face ;  3rd  joint  linear,  rounded 
at  the  tip,  full  four  times  the  length  of  the  2nd ;  arista  setulose  at  the 
base.  Thorax  with  six  brown  stripes.  Abdomen  oval,  a  little  shorter 
and  narrower  than  the  thorax,  with  a  piceous  band  on  the  hind  border 
of  each  segment.  Legs  blackish.  Wings  cinereous,  with  several 
blackish  bands,  which  are  interrupted  or  composed  of  dots,  with  the 
exception  of  the  three  last  j  of  these  the  1st  includes  the  discal  trans- 
verse vein,  and  is  incompletely  forked  in  front ;  the  3rd  is  apical,  and 
is  connected  with  the  2nd  on  the  costa ;  discal  transverse  vein  straight, 
parted  by  one-fourth  of  its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  very  much 
more  than  its  length  from  the  pra;brachial  transverse  vein ;  halteres 
whitish.     Length  of  the  body  7  lines ;  of  the  wings  14  lines. 

Gen.  Dacus,  Fabt'. 
3\.  Dacus  pectoralis,  Walk.     See  Vol.  HL  p.  114. 
.32.  Dacus  lituratus,  fTatt.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  251. 

33.  Dacus  sepedonoides,  n.  s.  Mas.  Fulvus,  capite  macula  nigri- 
cante,  oculis  albido  cinctis,  thorace  guttis  duabns  anticis  nigris,  abdo- 
mine corapresso  subclavato,  alis  cinereis  apud  venas  fulvis  apice  nigri- 
cantibus. 

Male,  Tawny.  Head  whitish  along  the  eyes ;  a  large  triangular  blackish 
spot  between  the  eyes.  Antenna;  extending  beyond  the  epistoma ; 
3rd  joint  shghtly  widening  towards  the  tip,  full  six  times  the  length 
of  the  2nd ;  arista  bare.  Thorax  with  a  black  dot  on  each  side  of  the 
fore  border.  Abdomen  compressed,  subclavate,  very  much  longer  and 
narrower  than  the  thorax.     Wings  cinereous,  tawny  along  the  costa 


WAIGIOU,  MTSOL,  AND  NOKTK  CEEAM.  229 

aiul  along  the  veins,  blackish  towards  the  tips;  veins  tavvnj',  black 
towards  the  tips;  discal  transverse  vein  curved  outward,  parted  by 
hardly  one-fourth  of  its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  niucli  more 
than  its  length  from  the  oblique  prjcbrachial  transverse  vein.  Length 
of  the  body  8  lines;   of  the  wings  14  lines. 

3-1,  Dacus  curvifer,  n.  s.  Foem.  Piceus,  capitefulvo,  facie  uigro  bi- 
jjunctata,  thorace  vittis  quatuor  nigris,  maculis  duabus  lateralibus  scu- 
telloque  fulvis,  abdomine  uigro  fascia  ventreque  fulvis,  pedibus  pallida 
fulvis,  ahs  limpidis  vittis  duabus  fasciisque  tribus  fuscescentibus. 

Female.  Piceous.  Head  tawny ;  face  with  a  black  point  on  each  side. 
Antennae  extending  beyond  the  epistoma ;  3rd  joint  linear,  slender, 
more  than  four  times  the  length  of  the  2nd  ;  arista  bare.  Thorax  to- 
mentose,  with  four  slender  black  stripes,  the  outer  pair  abbreviated; 
a  large  spot  at  the  base  of  each  fore  wing  and  the  scutellum  pale 
tawny.  Abdomen  black,  oval,  broader  but  not  longer  than  the  thorax  ; 
2ud  segment  pale  tawny;  underside  tawny.  Legs  pale  tawny.  Wings 
limpid,  with  two  brownish  stripes,  and  with  three  irregular  brownish 
bands ;  1st  stripe  costal ;  2nd  along  the  anal  vein ;  1st  band  connect- 
ing the  two  stripes ;  2nd  very  broad,  recurved  inward  towards  the  costa  ; 
3rd  oblique ;  discal  transverse  vein  hardly  undulating,  parted  by  one- 
fourth  of  its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  a  little  less  than  its  length 
from  the  oblique  pra^brachial  transverse  vein.  Length  of  the  body 
5  lines ;  of  the  wings  9  lines. 

Gren.  Tetpeta,  Mcif/en. 

35.  Trypeta  multistriga.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  119. 

Subfam.  Achiides,  Walk. 
Gen.  AcHiAs,  Fabi-. 

36.  Achias  latividens.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  121. 

Mais'?  Piceous.  Head  whitish  yellow  in  front ;  face  with  three  black 
stripes ;  gense  much  developed ;  petioles  of  the  eyes  longer  than  the 
space  between  them,  with  a  yellow  stripe  in  front.  Thorax  with  five 
cinereous  stripes ;  middle  stripe  double ;  pectus  cinereous ;  scutellum 
purple.  Abdomen  purplish  blue,  with  two  large  cinereous  spots  on 
each  side,  pale  at  the  base. 

37.  AcHiAS  ASPiciENS,  u.  s.  F(£m.  Picea,  capite  fulvo  fasciis  duabus 
vittisque  quatuor  nigris,  oculis  subpetiolatis,  thorace  vittis  quatuor 
rufescentibus,  abdomine  fulvo  apice  piceo,  tarsis  posticis  femoribusque 
flavis,  illis  femoribusque  anticis  apice  piceis,  alls  limpidis  costa  nigra, 
vena  transversa  discali  fusco  nebulosa. 

Female.     Piceous.     Head  taAvny,  with  two  black  bands  in  front ;  face 
with  two  black  stripes ;  an  oblique  black  stripe  on  each  side  between 
the  face  and  the  gena; ;  eyes  with  short  petioles,  extending  beyond 
LK^JT.  PfiOC. — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  VII.  18 


230  MR.  F.  WALKER  ON  DIPTEEA  COLLECTED  IN 

the  sides  of  the  thorax.  Thorax  with  four  reddish  stripes.  Abdomen 
dull  tawny,  fusiform,  narrower  and  much  longer  than  the  thorax, 
piceous  towards  the  tip.  Femora  yellow ;  fore  femora  with  piceous 
tips;  hind  tarsi  yellow,  piceous  towards  the  tips.  Wings  limpid, 
black  along  the  costa,  diffusedly  clouded  with  brown  about  the  discal 
transverse  vein ;  veins  black,  pale  towards  the  base  ;  discal  transverse 
vein  straight,  parted  by  less  than  one-fourth  of  its  length  from  the 
bordei',  and  by  much  more  than  its  length  from  the  praebrachial  trans- 
verse vein.     Length  of  the  body  6  lines;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

Subfani.  Psilides,  Walk. 
Gen.  MiCEOPEZA,  Macq. 

38.  Micropeza  prolixa,  Wal  .     See  Vol.  V.  p.  299. 

39.  Micropeza  perclusa,  n.  s.  Mas.  Nigra,  nitens,  gracillima, 
epistomate  albo,  pectore  fulvo,  abdomine  fulvo  longo  compresso  apice 
nigro,  pedibus  piceis,  coxis  feraoribusque  posterioribus  fulvis,  his  piceo 
fasciatis,  tibiis  tarsisque  anticis  albidis,  alis  nigricantibus  basi  fasciisque 
tribus  cinereis. 

Male.  Black,  shining,  very  slender.  Epistoma  white.  Proboscis 
tawny.  Antennae  extending  much  beyond  the  epistoma;  3rd  joint 
linear,  rather  broad,  rounded  at  the  tip ;  arista  minutely  setulose. 
Pectus  mostly  tawny.  Abdomen  tawny,  much  compressed,  very 
much  longer  than  the  thorax,  increasing  in  depth  towards  the  tip, 
which  is  black.  Legs  piceous,  slender ;  coxse  tawny ;  posterior 
femora  tawny,  with  a  piceous  band ;  fore  tibiae  and  fore  tarsi  whitish. 
Wings  blackish,  cinereous  at  the  base,  and  with  three  cinereous 
bands ;  veins  black ;  cubital  and  praebrachial  veins  converging  eX' 
teriorly ;  discal  transverse  vein  straight,  parted  by  its  length  from  the 
border,  and  by  about  thrice  its  length  from  the  prasbrachial  transverse 
vein.     Length  of  the  body  6  lines ;  of  the  wings  7  lines. 

Subfam.  Sepsides,  WalJc. 
Gen.  ANaiTTJLA,  Walk. 

40.  Angitula  longicoUis,  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  123. 


North  Ceram. 

Fam.  MYCETOPHILID^,  Holiday. 

Gen.  SciARA,  Meigen. 

1.  SciARA  PONDEROSA,  n.  sp.  (Sect.  1,  Meigen).     Fain.  Atra,  vaUda 
antennis  robustis,  thorace  crasso,  alis  amplis  nigricanti-cinereis  apud 
costam  nigricantibus. 

Female.    Deep  black,  robust.     Antennae  stout,  full  half  the  length  of 


WAIGIOIT,  MYSOL,  AND  NOETH  CEEAM.  231 

the  body.  Thorax  thick.  Abdomen  a  httle  longer  than  the  thorax. 
Legs  stout.  Wings  ample,  blackish  cinereous,  blackish  along  the 
costa;  veins  black.  Length  of  the  body  2  lines;  of  the  wings 
6  lines. 

Pam.  CULICID^,  Saliday. 
Gren.  Megarhina,  JDesv. 

2.  Megarhina  immisericorsj  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  90. 

Fam.  TIPULID^,  Haliday. 

Gen.  LiMNOBiA,  Mdgen. 

Div.  Body  and  legs  very  slender.  Antenuse  in  the  male  minutely 
setulose,  in  the  female  plumose  or  beset  with  long  bristles. 
Wings  with  two  discal  areolets  ;  veins  not  forked ;  the  usual 
transverse  veinlet  between  the  second  and  third  externo- 
medial  veins. 

3.  LiMNOBiA  DELECTATA,  n.  s.  Mas  et  Fcem.  Nigra,  pedibus  piceis» 
alis  cinereis.  Mas.  Thorace  rufo,  abdomine  fasciis  luteis,  alarum  ma- 
culis  quatuor  costalibus  transversis  fuscis.  Foem.  Thorace  piceo,  ab- 
domine fasciis  albis,  alarum  maculis  latis  nigris. 

Male  and  Female.  Black.  Legs  piceous.  Wings  cinereous.  Halteres 
tawny,  with  black  knobs.  Male.  Thorax  red.  Abdomen  with  a  lute- 
ous  band  on  the  fore  border  of  each  segment.  Wings  with  four  trans- 
verse brown  spots  along  the  costa ;  veinlet  between  the  2nd  and  the 
3rd  exterior  medial  veins  clouded  with  brown.  Female.  Thorax 
piceous.  Abdomen  with  a  white  band  on  the  fore  border  of  each 
segment.  Wings  with  black  spots,  which  are  broader  than  those  of 
the  male.     Length  of  the  body  4-5  lines ;  of  the  wings  9^-11  lines. 

Div.  Wings  narrow,  with  a  discal  areolet ;  subcostal  vein  abruptly 
curved  to  the  cubital  vein  at  some  distance  from  the  tip  of 
the  wing ;  externo -medial  veins  long,  not  forked ;  veinlet  be- 
tween the  third  externo-medial  vein  and  the  subanal  vein  be- 
yond the  end  of  the  discal  areolet. 

4.  LiMNOBiA  iNNOTABXLis,  n.  s.  FcBwi.  Ochracca,  alis  cinereis,  venis 
nigris,  vena  subcostali  flaveseente. 

Female.  Ochraceous.  Wings  cinereous ;  veins  black ;  subcostal  vein 
yellowish.     Length  of  the  body  6  lines;  of  the  wings  16  lines. 

Gen.  TiPTJLA,  lAnn. 

5.  Tipula  infindens,  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  92. 

18* 


232  lin.  F.  WALKER  ON  DIPTERA  COLLECTED  IN 

Fam.  STRATIOMID^,  Saliclay. 

G-en.  Nertja,  Walk. 

6.  Nerua  scenopinoides,  Walk.     Vol.  III.  p.  81. 

Fam.  TABANID.E,  Leach. 

Gren.  Tabanus,  Linn. 

7.  Tabanus  obscuratus,  n.  s.  Fam.  Piceus,  capite  antico  ferni- 
ginco,  antennai'ura  articulo  3°  rufo  apice  piceo,  thoracis  lateribiis 
nigro  pilosis,  pedibus  iiigris,  alis  fusois  aveolis  cinereo  strigatis. 

Female.  Piceous.  Head  ferruginous  in  front;  callus  very  slender. 
Third  joint  of  the  antenna;  dark  red,  piceous  towards  the  tip,  with  a 
very  small  horn.  Thorax  with  black  hairs  on  each  side.  Legs  black. 
Wings  dark  brown,  paler  at  the  tips  and  along  the  hind  border,  with 
slight  cinereous  streaks  in  the  disks  of  the  areolets ;  veins  black ;  fore 
branch  of  the  cubital  vein  forming  a  rounded  angle  near  its  base, 
slightly  curved  thence  to  its  tip.  Length  of  the  body  8  lines;  of  the 
wings  17  lines. 

Closely  allied  to  T.  doreicus. 

Var.  Abdomen  broader,  shorter.     Wings  paler. 

This  may  be  a  distinct  species. 

Fam.  ASILIDiE,  LeacJi. 
Subfam.  Lapiirites,  Walk. 

Gen.  Laphria,  Fabr. 

8.  Laphria  Taphius,  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  105. 

9.  Laphria  Vulcanus,  Wied.     See  Vol.  L  p.  10. 

10.  Laphria  requlsita.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  105. 

11.  Laphria  socia.  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  84. 

12.  Laphria  congrua,  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  277- 

Subfam.  As i lite s,  TFalk. 
G-eu.  AsiLUs,  Linn. 

13.  Asilus  introducens.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  103. 

This  specimen  has  a  more  distinct  difference  between  the  interior  and 
exterior  colours  of  the  wings  than  that  of  the  Celebes  A.  introducens. 

Gen.  Ommatius,  Linger. 

14.  Ommatius  bacchoides,  n.  s.  ]\Ias.  Niger,  capite  cano,  mystace 
albo,  abdomine  clavato  segmentorum  suturis  ferrugineis,  pedibus 
crassis,  alis  nigricantibus  costa  nigra  dilatata,  halteribus  fulvis. 


WAiaiOU,  MTSOL,  AND  NORTH  CERAM.  233 

Male.  Black.  Head  hoary  in  front ;  face  with  hlack  hairs  ;  mystax 
and  underside  with  white  hairs.  Pectus  hoary.  Abdomen  clavate, 
cinereous  beneath,  about  twice  the  length  of  the  thorax ;  sutures  of 
the  segments  ferruginous.  Legs  short,  thick.  Wings  blackish,  black 
along  the  costa,  which  is  dilated ;  veins  black ;  halteres  tawny.  Length 
of  the  body  6  lines  ;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

15.  Omraatius  retrahens,  Walk.     See  Vol.  IH.  p.  88. 

Q-eu.  Leptogaster,  Meigen. 

16.  Leptogaster  tarsalis,  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  281. 

Fam.  LEPTID.E,  W^estw. 
Geu.  Leptis,  Fair. 

17.  Leptis  ferruginosa,  Wied.     See  Vol.  I.  p.  118. 

Fam.  BOMBYLID.E,  Leach. 
Gren.  Anthrax,  Fair. 

18.  Anthrax  Pelops,  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  90. 

19.  Anthrax  semiscita,  Walk.     See  Vol.  I.  p.  118. 

Var.  Transverse  veinlets  of  the  wings  not  clouded  with  black. 

20.  Anthrax  emissa,  n.  s.  Fam.  Nigra,  capite  pilis  anticis  albis, 
thoracis  marginibus  abdominisque  lateribus  basi  luteo  pilosis,  abdo- 
mine  plagis  duabus  apicalibus  albido  pilosis,  alis  cinercis  triente  basali 
costaque  nigris. 

Female.  Black.  Head  with  white  hairs  in  front.  Thorax  along  the 
fore  border  and  on  each  side,  and  abdomen  on  each  side  at  the  base, 
with  luteous  hairs.  Pectus  with  whitish  hairs.  Abdomen  with  a 
patch  of  whitish  hairs  on  each  side  at  the  tip.  Wings  cinereous,  black 
for  one-third  of  the  length  from  the  base  and  along  the  costa,  except 
at  the  tips ;  veins  black ;  radial  vein  slightly  curved  near  its  tip ;  fore 
fork  of  the  cubital  vein  much  curved,  forming  a  right  angle  near  its 
base,  which  rejects  a  long  branch ;  three  externo-medial  veins,  subanal 
vein,  and  anal  vein  of  the  usual  structure.  Length  of  the  body  5  lines ; 
of  the  wings  14  lines. 


"■O^ 


Pam.  EMPID^,  Leach. 
Gen.  Epiceia,  Wallc. 
21.  Epiceia  fermginea.  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  149. 


234  ME.  F.  WALKER  ON  DIPTERA  COLLECTED  IN 

Fam.  DOLICHOPID^,  Leach. 
Gren.  PsiLOPUS,  Meigen. 

22.  PsiLOPUS  SETicoRNis,  Ti.  s.  Mus  ct  F(Em.  Viridescenti-cyaneus, 
capite  purpiireo,  facie  argentea,  antennis  peclibusque  nigris,  arista  lon- 
gissima,  thorace  /02m.  purpureo,  abdomiue  aurato-viridi  fasciis  atris, 
tibiis  flavescentibus,  alis  cinereis  apud  costam  uigricantibus,  halteribus 
nigris. 

Male.  Greenish  blue.  Head  purple ;  face  silvery  white.  Proboscis  and 
anteunfE  black.  Arista  of  the  antenna;  much  longer  than  the  thorax. 
Pectus  slightly  silvery.  Abdomen  golden  green,  with  deep-black 
bands,  which  include  the  sutures  between  the  segments.  Legs  black, 
long,  slender ;  tibiae  yellowish.  Wings  cinereous,  blackish  along  the 
costa ;  veins  and  halteres  black ;  fore  branch  of  the  prsebrachial  vein 
slightly  curved ;  discal  transverse  vein  very  undulating.  Length  of 
the  body  3  lines  ;  of  the  wings  6  lines. 

Female.  Thorax  purjile.  Length  of  the  body  2  lines;  of  the  wings  4^ 
lines. 

23.  Psilopus  benedictus.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  91. 

24.  Psilopus  egens.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  92. 

Pani.  STEPHID.E,  ZeacJi. 
Gen.  Eristalis,  Latr. 

25.  Eristalis  splendens,  Leguillou.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  95. 

26.  Eristalis  MERODONTOiDES, n.s.  Mas  et  FcEm.  Nigra,  facie  la- 
teribus  cinereis,  thoracis  tomento  fuscescente  lateribus  subfulvis,  scu- 
tello  sordide  flavescente,  abdomine  fascia  interrupta  fulva  fasciisque 
dnabus  canis,  femoribus  posticis  incrassatis,  alis  cinereis  apud  costam 
subfuscis,  alulis  flavescenti-cinereis,  abdomine  elongate  subcompresso. 

Male  and  Female.  Black.  Face  with  cinereous  tomentum  on  each  side. 
Thorax  with  brownish  tomentum ;  sides  shghtly  tawny ;  scutellum 
pale  dingy  yellowish.  Abdomen  with  an  interrupted  tawny  band  on 
the  2nd  segment,  and  with  two  hoary  bands  on  the  fore  borders  of 
the  3rd  and  4th  segments.  Hind  femora  incrassated  ;  hind  tibia; 
curved.  Wings  cinereous,  diifusedly  brown  along  the  costa;  veins 
black,  tawny  towards  the  base ;  alula;  yellowish  cinereous.  Mate. 
Abdomen  slightly  compressed  towards  the  tip,  much  longer  than  that 
of  the  female  ;  appendages  very  large.  Length  of  the  body  8-9  lines ; 
of  the  wings  16  lines. 

Gen.  Syrphus,  Fahr. 

27.  Syrphus  cegrotus,  Fabr.     See  Vol.  I.  p.  124. 


WAIGIOU,  MYSOL,  AND  NORTH  CERAM.  235 

Earn.  MUSCID^,  Latr. 
Subfam.  Tachinides,  Walk. 

Gren.  Masicera,  Macq. 

28.  Masicera  sarcophagata,  n.  s.  Mas.  Nigra,  capite  albo  sub- 
aurato,  frontalibus  atris,  facie  obliqua  argentea,  thorace  cano  vittis 
quatuor  nigris,  abdomine  tesseliis  subauratis  et  pilis  nonnullis  apica- 
Hbus  ochraceis,  alis  cinereis,  alulis  albis. 

Male.  Black.  Head  white,  slightly  gilded,  with  cinereous  hairs  behind 
and  beneath  ;  frontalia  deep  black,  slightly  widening  in  front ;  face 
oblique,  silvery  ;  epistoma  not  prominent.  Antennae  nearly  reaching 
the  epistoma ;  3rd  joint  linear,  rounded  at  the  tip,  full  four  times  the 
length  of  the  2nd ;  arista  slender.  Thorax  bristly,  with  hoary  tomeH- 
tum,  which  is  interrupted  by  four  black  stripes.  Abdomen  elongate- 
oval,  much  longer  than  the  thorax,  tessellated  with  pale  gilded  tomen- 
tum,  with  a  few  ochraceous  apical  hairs.  Legs  stout,  bristly.  Wings 
cinereous  ;  veins  black  ;  prsebrachial  vein  forming  a  right  angle  at  its 
flexure,  near  which  it  is  slightly  curved,  and  is  thence  straight  to  its 
tip  ;  discal  transverse  vein  curved  inward,  parted  by  less  than  its  length 
from  the  border  and  from  the  flexure  of  the  prsbrachial  vein  ;  alulae 
white.     Length  of  the  body  9  lines ;  of  the  wings  14  lines. 

Gen.  EuTiLiA,  Desv. 

29.  Rutilia  augustipennis.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  101. 

Gen.  Prosena,  St.  Farrj. 

30.  Prosena  secedens,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Cana,  capite  albido,  frontalibus 
obscure  rufis,  antennis  luteis,  thorace  vittis  qviatuor  nigris,  abdomine 
fasciis  tribus  latis  atris,  alis  fuscescentibus  apud  costam  obscurioribus, 
alulis  albido-cinereis,  halteribus  fulvis. 

Female.     Hoary,   stout.     Head  whitish,  shining;    frontalia  dark   red, 
widening   in  front.     Proboscis  tawny,  black  towards  the  tip.     An- 
tenna; luteous,  not  reaching  the  epistoma,  which  is  prominent.     Tho- 
rax with  four  slender  black  stripes.     Abdomen  oval,  a  little  longer 
than  the  thorax,  with  three  broad  deep-black  bands,  of  which  the  1  st 
is  basal;  some  long  spines  towards  the  tip.     Legs  rather  long.    Wings 
brownish,  darkest  towards  the  Costa;  veins  black;  praebrachial  vein 
emitting  an  extremely  short  branch  at  its  flexure,  which  is  acutely 
rectangular,  very  slightly  curved  thence  to  its  tip ;  discal  transverse 
vein  slightly  undulating,  parted  by  nearly  half  its  length  from  the 
border,  and  by  much  more  than  half  its  length  from  the  flexure  of  the 
prsebrachial  vein  ;  alula;  whitish  cinereous  ;  halteres  tawny.     Length 
of  the  body  5  lines;  of  the  wings  9  lines. 

31.    Prosena   coacta,  n.  s.      Foem.    Nigra,   cano  tomentosa,  capite 
albo,  frontalibus  ferrugineis,  antennis  fulvis,  thorace  vittis  quatuor  ni- 


236  MIJ.  F.  WALKER  ON  DIPTEEA  COLLECTED  IK 

gris,  scutelli  apice  fulvo,  abdomine  fulvo  albido-micaceo  segmentonim 
marginibus  posticis  nigro  trimaculatis,  coxis  femoribusque  fulvis,  alls 
cinereis,  venis  fusco  subnebulosis,  halteribus  flavis. 
Female.  Black,  with  hoary  tomentum.  Head  white,  with  a  slight  fawn- 
coloured  tinge  on  each  side  of  the  frontalia,  which  are  ferruginous  and 
linear.  Proboscis  black,  tawny  towards  the  base.  Antennse  tawny, 
not  near  reaching  the  epistoma.  Thorax  with  four  indistinct  black 
stripes.  Scutellum  tawny  towards  the  tip.  Abdomen  oval,  tawny,  a 
little  longer  than  the  thorax,  with  whitish  reflections;  three  rows  of 
black  spots  on  the  hind  borders  of  the  segments.  Legs  long;  coxje 
and  femora  tawny.  Wings  cinereous;  veins  black,  slightly  clouded 
with  brown ;  prsebrachial  vein  forming  a  slightly  rounded  and  ob- 
tuse angle  at  its  flexure,  straight  thence  till  near  its  tip,  where  it  is 
slightly  bent ;  discal  transverse  vein  undulating,  parted  by  much  more 
than  half  its  length  from  the  border,  and  by  much  less  than  its  length 
from  the  flexure  of  the  prsebrachial  vein  ;  alula?  whitish  cinereous ;  hal- 
teres  pale  yellow.     Length  of  the  body  5  lines;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

Subfam.  Saecophagides,  Wane. 

Gen.  Saecophaga,  Meigen. 

32.  Sarcophaga  brevis,  n.  s.  Focm.  Nigra,  breviuscula,  capite  al- 
bido,  frontalibus  atris,  palpis  ferrugineis,  thorace  vittis  quatuor  cauis, 
abdomine  ovato  maculis  cinereis  nitentibus  quadrifariam  tessellato, 
alis  cinereis,  aluhs  albis,  halteribus  fulvis. 

Female.  Black,  rather  short.  Head  whitish,  shining;  frontalia  deep 
black,  hardly  widening  in  front.  Palpi  ferruginous.  Thorax  with 
four  well-defined  hoary  stripes.  Pectus  hoary.  Abdomen  oval,  not 
longer  than  the  thorax,  distinctly  tessellated  with  four  rows  of  shining 
cinereous  spots;  underside  hoary.  Wings  cinereous;  veins  black, 
with  the  usual  structure ;  alula;  white ;  halteres  tawny.  Length  of 
the  body  5  lines;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

Subfam.  MusciDES,  ?Fa?^. 

Gren.  Pteellia,  Besv. 

33.  Pyrellia  obtrusa.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IIL  p.  105. 

G-en.  OcHEOMTiA,  Macq^. 

34.  Ochromyia  promittens.  Walk.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  134. 

Gen.  MuscA,  Linn. 

35.  MuscA  PRECOX,  n.  s.  Mas.  Nigra,  sat  angusta,  capite  argenteo 
thorace  vittis  tribus  canis,  abdomine  cauo  lurido  vitta  dorsali  suturisque 
jiigris,  alis  fuscescenti-cinereis. 


WAiaiOTJ,  MYSOL,  AND  NOltXH  CEKAM.  237 

Male.  Black,  rather  narrow.  Head  silvery  in  front.  Eyes  bare.  An- 
tennae rather  short.  Thorax  with  three  hoary  stripes.  Pectus  hoary. 
Abdomen  oval,  lurid,  with  hoary  tomentum,  not  longer  than  the  tho- 
rax;  dorsal  stripe  and  suturesof  the  segments  black.  Wings  brownish 
cinereous ;  veins  black ;  pra;brachial  vein  forming  a  rounded  obtuse 
angle  at  its  flexure,  slightly  curved  inward  thence  to  its  tip ;  discal 
transverse  vein  slightly  curved,  parted  by  more  than  half  its  length 
from  the  border,  and  by  more  than  its  length  from  the  flexure  of  the 
prffibrachiul  vein.     Length  of  the  body  2|  lines;  of  the  wings  5  lines. 

Subfam.  Lausanides,  WaUc. 

Gen.  LoNciiiEA,  Fallen. 

36.  Lonchsca  inops.  Walk.     See  Vol.  III.  p.  110. 

Subfam,  Oetalides,  lEaliday. 

G-en.  Platystoma,  Latr. 

37.  Platystoma  tarsalis,  n.  s.  Foiin.  Nigra,  capite  albo,  frouta- 
libus  rufis  antice  nigris,  peristomatis  lateribus  antennisque  piceis, 
thorace  vittis  quatuor  cinereis,  scutello  niteute,  abdoraine  albido  fasciis 
duabus  nigris  apice  styliformi,  tarsis  basi  albis,  alis  cinereis  nigro 
quadrifasciatis,  fascia  P  antice  flexa  et  dilatata,  2*  3"que  antice 
flavescente  strigatis,  4(1  apud  costam  angulata,  halteribus  flaves- 
centibus. 

Female.  Black,  dull.  Head  white;  frontalia  red,  black  in  front; 
peristoma  piceous  on  each  side.  Proboscis  and  palpi  black.  Antennae 
piceous,  not  reaching  the  epistoma.  Thorax  with  four  slight  cinereous 
stripes;  sides  and  pectus  cinereous;  scutellum  shining.  Abdomen 
whitish,  abruptly  styliform  at  the  tip,  not  longer  than  the  thorax,  with 
two  black  bands,  of  which  the  2nd  is  apical.  Tarsi  white  towards  the 
base.  Wings  cinereous,  with  four  black  bands  ;  1st  band  incomplete 
hindvvard,  bent  inward  and  dilated  in  front,  where  it  is  accompanied 
by  some  little  transverse  black  streaks ;  2nd  and  3rd  bands  trans- 
versely streaked  with  yellowish  in  front ;  4th  baud  angular  in  frontj 
and  extending  along  the  costa  to  the  tip  of  the  wing ;  veins  black ; 
discal  transverse  vein  nearly  straight,  parted  by  one-fourth  of  its 
length  from  the  border,  and  by  much  more  than  its  length  from  the 
praebrachial  transverse  vein ;  halteres  pale  yellowish.  Length  of  the 
body  6  lines ;  of  the  wings  12  lines. 

Gen.  Lampkogastee,  Macq. 

38.  Lamprogaster  marginifera.  Walk.     See  Vol.  UL  p.  IIL 


Geu.  Dacus,  Fair. 
39,  Dacus  imitans.  Walk,     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  150. 


18t 


238      ON  DIPTEBA  rnOM  AVAIGIOU,  MYSOL,  AKD  NORTH  CEBAM. 

Gen.  TiiTPETA,  Meigen. 

40.  Trypeta  MELALEUCA,  u.  s.  Mus.  Nigra,  nitens,  gracilis,  capite 
antennisque  testaceis,  oculis  albo  cinctis,  abdomine  loiige  ovato,  tibiis 
tarsisque  testaceis,  alis  nigris  basi  strigisque  quatuor  postieis  unaque 
costali  albis. 

Male.  Black,  shining,  slender.  Head  testaceous,  white  about  the  eyes. 
Antenuro  testaceous,  not  reaching  the  epistoma ;  arista  bare.  Abdo- 
men elongate-oval,  not  longer  than  the  thorax.  Tibiae  and  tarsi 
testaceous.  Wings  black,  white  at  the  base,  and  with  five  white 
transverse  streaks,  of  which  one  forms  a  triangular  costal  spot,  and 
three  extend  from  the  disk  to  the  hind  border ;  the  5th  is  very  small, 
and  is  on  the  interior  border  opposite  the  costal  spot ;  discal  trans- 
verse vein  straight,  parted  by  less  than  half  its  length  from  the  border, 
and  by  less  than  its  length  from  the  praebrachial  transverse  vein ; 
halteres  testaceous.  Length  of  the  body  \\  line;  of  the  wings 
31  lines. 

Subfam.  Htdromtzides,  Haliday. 

Gren.  OcHTHERA,  Latr. 

41.  Ochthera  innotata,  Wal]c.     See  Vol.  IV.  p.  171. 

Fam.  HIPPOBOSCID^,  Leach. 
G-en.  Oenithomtia,  Olfers. 

42.  Ornithomyia  Batchianica,  Walk.     See  Vol.  V.  p.  300. 


GOBEITE. 

1.  Rutilia  iGNOBiLis,  n.  s.  Fcem.  Obscure  aeneo-viridis,  capite  albido, 
frontalibus  atris,  antennis  nigris  basi  rufescentibus,  scutello  virides- 
centi-fulvo,  abdomine  lato  nigricanti-viridi,  ahs  cinereis  basi  costaj- 
que  dimidio  interiore  nigris. 

Female.  Dark  aeneous  green.  Head  whitish ;  frontalia  deep  black, 
widening  in  front.  Proboscis  black.  Palpi  piceous.  Antennae  black, 
not  near  reaching  the  epistoma,  reddish  at  the  base.  Scutellum  dark 
greenish  tawny.  Abdomen  blackish  green,  much  broader  than  the 
thorax.  Legs  black.  Wings  cinereous,  mostly  black  at  the  base  and 
along  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  costa ;  veins  black ;  prsebra- 
chial  transverse  vein  clouded  with  black  ;  prsebrachial  vein  forming  a 
right  angle  at  its  flexure,  curved  inward  thence  to  its  tip;  discal 
transverse  vein  undulating,  parted  by  nearly  half  its  length  from  the 
border,  and  by  much  less  than  its  length  from  the  flexure  of  the  prae- 
brachial  vein.     Length  of  the  body  5i  lines ;  of  the  wings  13  lines. 


INDEX. 


Page 

Acantliopus 115 

Acheea,  Hiibn 181 

atrivittata,  Walk 181 

pulchrivena,  Walk.       .     .     .  182 

purpureiUnea,  Walk.   .     .     .  181 

semipallida,  Walk 181 

Achias,  Fabr 229 

aspiciens,  Walk 229 

latividens,  Walk 229 

Achiides,  Walk 229 

Acontia,  Ochs 49 

caprina,  Walk 51 

indecisa,  Walk 50 

inordinata,  Walk 50 

leucophffia,  Walk 49 

marginalia,  Walk 49 

roseo-nivea,  Walk 49 

sordida,  Walk 50 

xanthopbila,  Walk.      ...  50 

Acontidse,  Giien 49 

Adams,  A.  On  the  species  of  Pyra- 

midellinai  found  in  Japan  .  .  1 
.     On  the  Japanese  species  of 

Leiostraca 84 

.     On  the  species  of  Rostrife- 

rous    Gasteropods   (Sti'ombidse, 

Trichotropidte,    Cyprseidse,    and 


Amphiperasida?)  foimd  in  Japan 

— .     On  the  species  of  Fusidse 

wliich  inhabit  the  seas  of  Jajjan  . 

On  the  species  of  Mitridse 


91 


105 


Agathis 


found  in  tlie  seas  of  Japan     .     .  198 

Adraga,  TFalk 204 

univitta,  Walk.  \ 204 

Adrama,  Walk 227 

selecta,  Walk 227 

iElurus,  Kluff 27 

comatus.  Sin 27 

,  Lafr 12 

deceptor,  Sm 12 

flavipennis,  Sm 12 

Agenia,  Schiodte 30 

AmaUhea,  Sm 80 

blanda,  Giier 30 

clavata,  Sm 31 

Eudora,  Sm 30 

Metclla,  Sm 31 

LiyX.  PROC. ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  VII. 


Page 

Agenia  Numeria,  Sm 31 

Vesta,  Sm 31 

Aglae 115 

Amblyopone,  Erichs 18 

castaneus,  Sm 18 

Ammophila,  Kirhy      ....  34,  110 

insolata,  Sm 34 

Amphigonidae,  Guen 184 

Amphigonia,  Ouen 184 

costistriga,  Walk 184 

Amphiperas,  Gron 95 

brevis.  Sow.    ......     95 

bulla,  Sow 95 

punctata,  Duclos      ....     95 

pyrifoiinis.  Sow 95 

Rhodia,  A.  Ad 95 

umbilicata,  Soio 95 

Amphiperasidse 95 

Ampulex 111,121 

Andrena 113 

Andrenidse,  Leach 44 

Angitula,  Walk 222,230 

longicoUis,  Walk.    .     .     222,230 

Anomis,  H'uhn 77 

fulvida,  Guen 77 

Anopliia,  Guen 171 

angulifera.  Walk 171 

hmitaris.  Walk 171 

suffundens.  Walk.   .     .     .     .  172 

Antliidiimi 113 

Anthomyides,  Walk 216 

Anthophila,  Distribution  of  the     .  124 

Anthophilidse,  Dwp 58 

Anthophora,  Lair 48,  116 

■ — —  elegans,  Sm 48 

zonata,  LAnn 48 

Anthrax,  Fair 209,  233 

cmissa,  Walk 233 

Pelops,  Walk.     .     .  209,  224,  233 

priBtendens,  Walk 225 

semiscita,  Walk.      ...    1,  233 

Apis,  Linn 43,  1 17 

dorsata,  Fahr 48 

• socialis,  Latr 48 

Aricia,  Gray 93 

Arabica,  Linn 93 

caput-serpentis,  Linn. ...     94 

19 


210 


INDEX. 


Page 

Aricia  moncta,  Linn 94 

reticulata,  Martyn  ....     93 

Aricia,  Macq 216 

albicornis,  Walk 216 

biplaga,  Walk 217 

contraria,  Walk 217 

leucoceros,  Walk 217 

prolixa.  Walk 218 

■ significans,  Walk 217 

Ariolica,  Walk 53 

lineolata 53 

signata 54 

Ai'ippara,  Walk 74 

indicator,  Walk 74 

Ai'pactophilus,  Sm 36 

■  ■      bicolor,  Sm 36 

Arligisa,  Walk 160 

nigrosignata,  Walk.     .     .     .  160 

AsilidiB,  Leach  ....  206,  223,  232 

Asilites,  Walk 207,  224,  232 

Asilus,  Urm 207,  224,  232 

biligatus,  Walk 224 

depulsus,  Walk 207 

didymoides,  Walk 208 

introducens,  Walk.      .     .     .  232 

Asinduma,  Walk 167 

exscripta,  Walk 167 

Asta,  Walk 170 

quadrilinea.  Walk 170 

Astygisa,  Walk 192 

larentiata,  Walk.     .     .     .     .  192 

metaspila,  Walk 193 

Attida3,  Sm 21 

Augocblora 113 

Aulana,  Walk 204 

confirmata,  Walk 204 

Ausinza,  Walk 192 

gequa,  Walk 192 

Autoba,  Walk 57 

versicolor,  Walk 58 

Automala,  Walk 60 

seraidolosa,  Walk 60 

Axona,  Walk 211 

volluccUoides,  Walk.    .     .     .212 

Baccha,  Fabr 212 

purpuricola.  Walk.       .     .     .  212 

tripartita,  Walk 212 

Badausa,  Walk 170 

hypenoides,  Walk 170 

Badiza,  Walk 195 

ereboides,  Walk 196 

Bagistana,  Walk 194 

rudis.  Walk 194 

Banisia,  Walk 77 

fenestrifera.  Walk 78 

tetragonata,  Walk 78 

Bantana,  Walk 52 

albida,  Walk 52 

Bees,  social,  distribution  of  .     .     .  116 
Bembes Ill 


Page 

Bendidae 178 

Beria,  TFalk 61 

recusata,  Walk 62 

BibionidiB,  Haliday 202 

Blackwall,  John.  A  succinct  Review 
of  recent  attempts  to  explain 
several  remartable  facts  in  the 
physiology  of  Spiders  and  In- 
sects     , 154 

Borabus Ill 

Borabylidee,  Leach      .     .  209,  224,  233 
Bombylites,  Walk.      .     .     .     209,224 

Borborides,  Haliday 218 

Bracon,  Fah 11 

occultator,  Sm 11 

peuetrator,  Sm 11 

Braconidse,  Westiv 11 

Briarda,  Walk 161 

• decens,  Walk 161 

Csenosia,  Meig 218 

Uturata,  Walk 218 

Callithea,  Swains 201 

crebrilirata,  live 201 

obeliscus,  Rve 201 

spreta,  A.  Ad 201 

Callopistria,  Hilbn 64 

ventralis,  Walk 64 

Calobata,  Fahr 221 

contingens.  Walk 221 

diffundens,  Walk 221 

Calpidge,  Ghien 74 

Calpm-nus,  Montf. 95 

bullulatus,  Soii) 95 

carneus,  Lam 95 

conciunus,  Sow 95 

dentatus.  Sow 95 

dorsuosus.  Hinds     ....     96 

formosus,  Sow 96 

lacteus.  Lam 95 

striatulus.  Sow 95 

Cansea,  Walk 73 

seniitessellata,  Walk.  .     .     .73 

Canariuni,  Schum 92 

Luhuanum,  Linn 92 

Cancilla,  Swains 199 

caruicolor,  Rve 199 

circulata,  Kien 199 

Herklotsiana,  Dohrn    .     .     .  199 

rosacea,  Sve 199 

stramuiea,  A.  Ad 199 

Canthiiidus,  Montf. 108 

Cumingianus,  Lkr.       .     .     .  108 

erytlu'ostomus,  Rve.     .     .     .  108 

Capnodes,  Guen 188 

anomioides,  Walk.       .     .     .  188 

intractata,  Walk 188 

macvdicosta,  Wallc 188 

Cardiacephala,  Ifacq 221 

debiUs,  Walk 221 

Carissa,  Walk 168 


I 


INDEX. 


241 


Page 
Carissa  cossoides,  Walk.  .  .  .  168 
Carmara,  Walk 62 

subcervina,  Walk 63 

Cartcia,  Walk 82 

nebulilinea,  Walk 83 

Cataulacus,  Sm 24, 120 

setosus,  Sm 24 

Catephiidse,  Ghuen 171 

Cenoccslius,  Haliday 12 

insidiator,  Sm 12 

Cerbia,  Walk 179 

subolivacea,  Walk 179 

Cerceris,  Latr 37, 112, 122 

inmiolator,  Sm 37 

CMorion Ill 

Chodda,  Walk 64 

sordidvda,  Walk 64 

Cholimma,  Walk 60 

leucanioides,  Walk.      ...     61 

Cboluata,  Walk 57 

eburneifera.  Walk 57 

Cborsia,  Walk 59 

maculosa.  Walk 60 

Chrysallida,  Cpr 2 

alveata,  A.  Ad 2 

consiinilis,  A.  Ad 2 

consobrina,  A.  Ad 2 

erucella,  A.  Ad 3 

filocincta,  A.  Ad 2 

galbula,  A.  Ad 3 

mumia,  A.  Ad 2 

munda,  A.  Ad 2 

mundiila,  A.  Ad 2 

nana,  A.  Ad 2 

plicata,  A.  Ad 2 

pupula,  A.  Ad 2 

rufolineata,  A.  Ad 3 

Chrysomyia,  Desv 215 

divitiosa,  Walk 215 

Cbrysopila,  Macq 208 

stylata,  Walk 208 

Chuduca,  Walk 164 

pyraloides,  Walk.    ....  165 

Ciasa,  Walk 165 

pustulifera,  Walk 165 

Coelioxys,  Latr 47, 114 

intrudens,  Sm 47 

Cominella,  Gray 107 

fucata,  A.  Ad 107 

Conopidae,  Leach 225 

Conops,  Linn 225 

metaxantha,  Walk.       .     .     .  225 

Corticata,  Walk 52 

scoparioides.  Walk.      ...     53 

Corsa,  Walk 166 

absorbens.  Walk 166 

Cosmopbila,  Boisd. 76 

fuscifrons,  Walk 77 

inconclusa.  Walk 77 

scitipennis,  TValk 76 


Pago 

Costellaria,  Swains 200 

beilula,  A.  Ad 200 

citliara.  Roe 200 

Collinsoni,  A.  Ad 200 

cruentata,  Chemn 200 

Dohrni,  A.  Ad 200 

militaris,  Rve 200 

pusilla,  A.  Ad 200 

semicostata,  Anton  ....  200 

Suluensis,  Ad.  Sf  Rve.  .     .     .  200 

zelotypa,  Rve 200 

Cotamba,  Walk 218 

fumifera,  WalJc 218 

Crabro 112,122 

Crabronidse,  Leach 35 

.Distribution  of  the       .     112,122 

Crithote,  Walk 182 

horridipes.  Walk 183 

Ci'ocisa,  Jiir 47, 115 

nitidiUa,  Fabr 47 

Cropia,  Walk 166 

onerata,  Walk 166 

Cryptoceridse,  Sm 23 

,  Distribution  of  the      .     .     .  120 

Crytocerus 120 

Ci'yptus,  Fair 7 

albopictus,  Sm 7 

tarsatus,  Sm 7 

volatilis,  Sm 7 

Ctenioschelus 115 

Culex,  Linn 202 

obturbans,  Walk 202 

Culicidse,  Haliday  ....     202,  231 

Cuhcula,  Walk 178 

bimarginata.  Walk.      .     .     .  178 

Curgia,  Walk 166 

nonagrica,  Walk 166 

Cyliudra,  Schum 199 

undulosa,  Rve 199 

Cyphoma,  Bolt 96 

elongatum,  A.  Ad 96 

Cyprsea,  Linn 93 

fclina.  Gray 93 

fimbriata,  Gmel 93 

flaveola,  Gmel 93 

Cyprteidse 93 

Dacus,  Fabr 221,  228,  237 

curvifer,  Walk 228 

imitans,  Walk 237 

lituratus,  Walk 228 

pectoralis,  Walk 228 

pubiseta,  Walk 221 

sepedonoides,  Walk.    .     .     .  228 

Daona,  Walk 190 

mansueta,  Walk 190 

Dapha,  Walk 54 

exhibens,  Walk 55 

Dacygastrse,  Leach 46 

Detounda,  IValk 193 

spurcata,  Walk 194 

19* 


242 


INDEX. 


Page 

Deva,  Walk 74 

infundens,  Walk 7'4 

Dexia,  Meig 214 

alulifcra,  Walk 214 

Dexides,  Walk 214,  225 

Diaiihorus,  3Ieig 210 

resumens,  Walk 210 

Dimirica,  Walk 56 

nubifera,  Walk 56 

Doleschalla,  Walk 225 

• censors,  Walk 225 

gonypedoidi.-s,  Walk.   .     .     .  226 

DolichopicUc,  Leach    .     .     .     209,  234 
Dolichoijus,  Ijafr.  ......  210 

■  pulchriceps.  Walk 210 

Dorsippa,  Walk 81 

notabilis,  IValk 82 

Dorylus 119 

Drjomyza,  Fallen 227 

semicyanea,  Walk 227 

Dumatlia,  Walk 195 

herbida,  Walk 195 

Dyrzela,  Walk 51 

incrassata 51 

pai'allela 51 

Ecliinopla,  Sm 23, 120 

deceptor,  Sm 23 

nitida,  Sm 23 

striata,  Sm 23 

Ectatomma,  Sm 19 

rugosa,  Sm 19 

Elapliomyia,  Saunders     ....  222 

cerviconiis,  Saunders  .     .     .  222 

Empidse,  Leach 209,  233 

Enea,  Walk 63 

signicosta 63 

Entozoa  of  Salmo  salar    ....  149 

Epiceia,  Walk 209,  233 

ferruginca,  Walk.    .     .     209, 233 

Erastridae,  Guen 58 

Erastria,  Ochs 58 

securifera,  Walk 58 

EriopidiB,  Guen 64 

Eristalis,  Lafr 210,  225,  234 

gequipars,  Walk 210 

boniboides,  Walk 210 

crythropyga.  Walk.      .     .     .  211 

insci'ipta,  Walk 210 

—  lucilioides,  Walk 210 

merodontoides 234 

l^lacens.  Walk 211 

postscripta,  Walk 210 

splendeus,  Leguillou     .     225,  234 

Eiicera 115 

Eumeiies,  Lair 37,  122 

agdis,  Sm 37 

• arcuatus,  Fahr 37 

conforrais,  Sm 38 

■ diligeiis,  Sm 39 

mediauus,  Sm 38 


Page 

Etimpues  perplexu.?,  Sm 39 

Praslina,  Guer 37 

pullatus,  Sm 39 

tricolor,  Sm 37 

volatilis,  Sm 38 

Urvillei,  Sauss 37 

Eumenida' 37, 122 

Eurhipidai,  Guen 65 

Euritis 115 

EurygastL-r,  Macq 213 

'-  interdicta,  Walk 213 

Eutelia,  llUhn 65 

approxiuiata.  Walk.     ...  65 

consentanea,  Walk.      ...  68 

dimidiata,  Walk 6G 

— —  dulcUinea 66 

instructa 68 

obliquata 66 

opposita 67 

subocellata 68 

Euthria,  Gray 108 

badia,  A.  Ad 108 

lirata,  A.  Ad 108 

plumbea,  Phil 108 

Evanidfe,  Leach 6 

Felia,  Walk 197 

intermixta,  Walk 197 

Flammona,  Walk 55 

quadrifosciata.  Walk.  ...  55 

Foriiiica,  Linn 12,  118 

circumspecta,  Sm 12 

coxalis,  Sm 12 

fragilis,  Sm 12 

lajvissima,  Sm 13 

longice}")?,  Sm, 13 

nitida,  Sm 13 

pallida,  Sm 12 

pavida,  Sm 13 

quadriceps,  Sm 12 

Formicidse,  Leach  ......  12 

,  Distribuiion  of  the.     .     .     .  118 

Fusidse  which  inhabit  the  seas  of  Ja- 
pan, A.  Adams  on  the  species  of  105 

Eusus,  Klein 105 

Beckii,  Rie 106 

crebriliratus,  Rre 105 

fragosus,  Rve 106 

gracillimus,  Ad.  l\'  Rve.     .     .  106 

NovcD-HoUandia;,  Roe.      .     .  105 

pagoda,  Xes* 106 

perplexus,  A.  Ad 106 

sohdulus,  A.  Ad 106 

Gadirtha,  Walk 161 

chalybea,  Walk 161 

diffundens,  Walk 161 

discigcra,Tra/A' 163 

ferromixta,  IJ'alk 162 

inexacta,  Walk 161 

metaphrra,  Walk 163 

polygrapha,  If'alk 162 


INDEX. 


243 


Pago 
Gadirlha  qiiadrinotata,  Walk.  .     .  1()2 

seiuit'evvcns,  Walk 1G3 

Gallinula,  Klein 92 

succincta,  Linn 92 

vittata,  Lam 92 

Garella,  Walk 51 

rotundipcmiis,  Walk.  ...     52 

Gariga,  Walk 59 

argentilinca,  Walk.       ...     59 

GayeUa 122 

GiuEea,  Walk 190 

pectoralis,  Walk 100 

Glypta,  Orav 10 

fracticornis,  Sm 10 

Goneptrrida?,  Guen 76 

Grammodes,  Ouen 182 

Mygdon,  Cram 182 

Graptoinj'za,  Desv 216 

calliphoroides,  Walk.  .     .     .216 

Gymnoplistia,  Westir 203 

mclancholica,  Walk.    .     .     .  203 

IlaUctus 113 

Ilelomyza,  Fallen. 218 

atripenuis,  Walk 218 

•  iissifera,  Walk 219 

meritoria,  Walk 218 

observans,  Walk 218 

Helomyzides,  Fallen 218 

Hemifusus,  Swains 105 

tuba,  Gmel.  (sp.)     ....  105 

Heptacondylus 120 

Ilippoboscidae,  Leach ,     .     .     222, 238 

Homoptera,  Boisd 83 

biarmioides,  Walk 83 

intractabilis,  Walk.      ...     83 

Homopteridse,  Boisd 83 

Hidodes,  Gioen 178 

saturnioides,  Guen.       .     .     .  178 

Hybl8eida^,  Guen 75 

Hyblaja,  Fair 75 

erycinoidcs,  Walk 75 

tortricoides,  Guen 75 

Hydromyzides,  Haliday  .     .     222,  238 
Hymenoptera,    Aculeate,    of    the 
Jiasteni      Archipelago,       Table 
showing  the  geogra]jhical  distri- 
bution of  the 125 

Hypogrammidse,  Guen 161 

Hypopyra,  Guen 178 

apicalis,  Walk 178 

vespertilio,  Fabr 178 

Icaria,  Sauss 41 

deceptor,  Sm 42 

impetuosa,  Sm 41 

irritata,  Sm 42 

maculiventris,  Sauss.    ...     41 

niorosa,  Sm 42 

torrida,  Sm 42 

Ichneumonidse,  Leach      ....       7 
ichnogaster,  Sauss 41, 123 


Page 
Ichnogaster  iridipennis,  <S';».      .     .     41 

unicolor,  Sm 41 

Idicara,  Walk 172 

olivacea,  Walk 172 

Iphinoe,  H.  c}  A.  Ad 93 

quach'icariuata,  A.  Ad. ...     93 

— • —  unicarinata.  Sow 93 

Lacibisa,  Walk. . 82 

bifaria,  IValk 82 

Lagoptera,  Guen 179 

• pallescens,  Walk.     ....  179 

Lamprogaster,  Macq.  .     .     .     220, 237 

marginifera.  Walk. .     .     220,  237 

sepsoides,  Walk 220 

scut.;llaris.  Walk 220 

Laphria,  Fabr 206,  223,  232 

aperta.  Walk 223 

aui'ibasis.  Walk 223 

complens,  Walk 223 

congrua,  Walk.  .     .     .     206,  232 

consors,  Walk 206 

diviilsa,  Walk 206 

flagrantissima,  Walk.  .     .     .  206 

gerraana.  Walk 206 

manifesta,  Walk 223 

puer,  Walk 206,223 

requisita,  Walk 232 

socia,  Walk 232 

Tapliius,  Walk 232 

— —  Vulcanns,  Walk 232 

Laphrites,  Walk.    .     .     .  206,  223,  232 

Larra Ill 

Larrada,  Sm 34, 121 

auruleiita,  Sm.     .     .     .     "     .     34 

funerea,  Sm ■     .     84 

niodesta,  Sm.       .     .     .     '     .     34 

sabidosa,  Sm 35 

Larridte,  Leach 34 

distribution  of Ill 

Lauxanides,  Walk.       .     .     .     219, 237 

Lcia,  Meigen 223 

indivisa.  Walk 223 

Lciostraca,   A.  Adams  ou  the  Ja- 
panese species  of 84 

Ariel,  A.  Ad 85 

—  baUeata,  A.  Ad 89 

bilineata,  Ad.  &;  Eve.   ...     87 

biiascialis,  A.  Ad 88 

bizona,  A.  Ad 88 

cinctclla,  A.  Ad 89 

chigenda,  A.  Ad 89 

circumcincta,  A.  Ad.    ...     88 

■ clara,  A.  Ad 84 

clavclla,  A.  Ad 84 

conspurcata,  A.  Ad.      ...     87 

ci'assula,  A.  Ad 90 

erystallina,   A.  Ad 86 

exigua,  A.  Ad 87 

gracilenta,  A.  Ad 89 

hastata,  A.  Ad 85 


244 


INDEX. 


Page 

Leiostraea  liumilis,  A.  Ad.    ...  90 

inquiuata,  A.  Ad 90 

intcrrupta,  A.  Ad 89 

labiata,  A.  Ad 84 

laiiceata,  A.  Ad 8-i 

Leachii,  A.  Ad 84 

lentiginosa,  A.  Ad 87 

lepida,  A.  Ad 85 

metulina,  A.  Ad 86 

Mindorensis,  A.  Ad.     ...  85 

Miranda,  A.  Ad 85 

nana,  A.  Ad 87 

uitida,  A.  Ad 84 

nirea,  A.  Ad 85 

— ■■ —  nixa,  A.  Ad 87 

Oberon,  A.  Ad 85 

paxillus,  A.  Ad 84 


87 
86 
87 
85 

pusilla,  A.  Ad 86 

pusio,  A.  Ad 86 

pygmsea,  A.  Ad 86 


picturata,  A.  Ad. 

pistillum,  A.  Ad. 

puniila,  A.  Ad.    . 

pura,  A.  Ad. 


scitula,  A.  Ad 90 

spiculum,  A.  Ad 87 

spi-eta,  A.  Ad.     .....     90 

subulina,  A.  Ad 85 

tseniata,  A.  Ad.        ....     88 

tantilla,  A.  Ad 89 

tui'gidula,  A.  Ad 84 

vincta,  A.  Ad 88 

Leptidse,  Weshv 208,233 

Leptis,  Fahr 208,  233 

ferruginosa,  Wied    .     .     208,  233 

Leptogaster,  Meigen    '     .     .     208,  233 

longipes,  Walk 208 

tarsalis.  Walk 233 

Lminobia,  Meig 202,  231 

auroratra,  Walk 202 

dL4eotata,  Walk 231 

innotabilis.  Walk 232 

selectissima.  Walk 202 

Liogastra 115 

Lithosiidse,  Steph 196 

Lonchaja,  Fallen     ....     2l9, 237 

inops,  Walk.       .     .     .     219, 237 

Luponia,  Gray 94 

caui'ica,  Linn 94 

clandestina,  Linn 94 

erosa,  Linn 94 

helvola,  Linn 94 

onyx,  Linn 94 

pallida,  Gray 94 

vitellus,  Linn 94 

Maceda,  Walk 176 

discalis,  Walk 176 

mansueta,  Walk 176 

Macromeris,  St.  Farg 33 

violacca,  St.  Farg 33 


Page 

Manoba,  Walk 62 

iniplens,  Walk 62 

Masicera,  Macq 213,  235 

mysolana,  Walk 213 

sarcophagata,  Walk.     .     .     .  235 

Maxilua,  Walk 168 

frontaUs,  Walk 169 

Megachilc,  Lafr 46 

Alecto,  Sm 46 

fidvifrons,  Sm 46 

fuueraria,  Sm 46 

Lachesis,  Sm 46 

plauida,  Sm 46 

Megarhina,  Lesv 202,  231 

immisericors,  Walk.     .     202,  231 

Megischus,  Brulle 6 

insidiator,  Sm 7 

spoliator,  Sm 6 

tarsalis,  Sm 6 

Melecta 115 

Melipoua 117 

Melissa 115 

Melissodes 116 

Meranoplus 120 

Mesocheira 115 

Mesosteuus,  Brulle     .....       8 

miiltipictus,  Sm 8 

puleherrimus,  Sm 8 

Micra,  Gven 58 

dcrogata.  Walk 58- 

Micropeza,  Macq 222,  230 

fragilis,  Walk 222 

perclusa,  Walk 230 

prolixa,  Walk 230 

Minica,  Walk 175 

nigi'ilinea,  Walk 176 

M'Intosh,  W.  C.  Notes  on  the 
Food  and  Parasites  of  the  Salnio 
Salar  of  the  Tay  ...,-..  145 

Miralda,  A.  Ad 3 

diadema,  A.  Ad 3 

gemma,  A.  Ad 3 

MarieUa,  A.  Ad 3 

Mirobriga,  Walk 196 

pulcln-iijicta.  Walk.      .     .     .  196 

Mitra,  Lam 198 

floccata,  Rve 198 

impressa,  Anton 198 

Japonica,  A.  Ad 198 

sacerdotalis,    A.  Ad.     .     .     .198 

Mitreola,  Sivains 199 

ignobihs,  Rve.      .     .     . 


199 

Mitridse  found  in  the  Seas  of  Japan, 

A.  Adams  on  the  species  of  .     .  198 

Mitrinte 198 

Monedula Ill 

Mormula,  A.  Ad 1 

egregia,  A.  Ad.   .....  2 

Rissoina,  A.  Ad 1 

Mucronaha,  A.  Ad 91 


i 


INDEX. 


245 


Page 
Mucronalia  bicincta,  A.  Ad.       .     .     91 

cxilis,  A.  Ad 91 

lactea,  A.  Ad 91 

subula,  A.  Ad 91 

Mumiola,  A.  Ad 5 

reticosa,  A.  Ad 5 

sph'ata,  A.  Ad 5 

tessellata,  A.  Ad 6 

Murgisa,  Walk 193 

orgyoides,  Walk 193 

Murray,  Andrew.       On  the  Early 
stages   of  Development   of  Or- 

thopterons  Insects 97 

Musama,  Walk 205 

Musca,  Linn 216,  227 

aricioides,  Walk 216 

obscurata,  Walk 227 

prsecox.  Walk 236 

sordidissima,  Walk.     .     .     .  216 

Muscida;,  Lafr.      .     .     .  213,  225,  235 
Muscides,  Walk.    ...  215,  227,  236 

Mutilla,  Lhm 24, 120 

anthylla,  Sm 24 

Damia,  Sm 24 

faiista,  Sm 25 

lanthea,  Sm 24 

mii'abilis,  Sm 24 

nigra,  Sm 24 

• suspiciosa,  Sm 24 

Thera,  Sm 24 

MutiUida;,  Leach 24 

,  Distribution  of  .     .     .     110, 120 

Mycetopliilida;,  Saliday       .     223,  230 

Mygniniia,  Sm '32 

Aspasia,  Sm 32 

exasperata,  Sm 32 

fervida,  Sm 32 

intrepida,  Sm 33 

iridipenuis,  Sm 32 

opulenta,  Sm 32 

Myrmica,  Latr 21, 120 

incerta,  Sm^ 21 

moesta,  Sm 21 

poneroides,  Sm 21 

unibripennis,  Sm 21 

Myrmicidce,  Distribution  of  the     .  119 

Neptunea,  Link 106 

SBstuosa,  Gould 107 

antiqua,  Linn 106 

despeeta,  ii»» 107 

fornicata,  Fabr 106 

lurida,  A.  Ad 107 

Nertobriga,  Walk. ...'..     75 

reversa,  Walk 75 

Nerua,  Walk 223,  232 

scenopinoides,  Walk.   .     223,  232 

Nolasena,  Walk 75 

dulcissima,  Walk 76 

Noniada,  Fabr.       ...    47, 114, 124 
conspicua,  Sm 47 


Page 

Nomada  insularis,  Sm 47 

Nouiia,  Latr 45, 113, 124 


bidentata,  Sm 45 

— ^ —  concinna,  Sm 45 

dentata,  Sm 45 

florea,  Sm 45 

ii-idescens,  >S'j» 45 

metallica,  Sm 45 

siraillima,  Sm 46 

Notipliila,  Fallen 222 

ortaUdoides,  Walk.      .     .     .222 

unicolor,  Walk 222 

Notodontidse,  Steph 197 

Nyctipao,  Siihn 177 

crepuscularis,  Linn.      .     .     .  177 

Obrapa,  Walk 204 

perilampoides.  Walk.  .     .     .  204 

Ochromyia,  Macq 216,  236 

promittens,  Walk.       .     216,  236 

Ochthera,  Latr 238 

innotata,  Walk.       ....  238 

Odontomachvis,  Latr.       .     .     ,  19, 119 

aciculatus,  Sm 19 

cepbalotes,  Sm 19 

mahgnus,  Sm 19 

nigriceps,  Sm 19 

simillimus,  Sm 19 

tyrannicus,  Sm 19 

Odynerus,  Latr 39, 123 

agihs,  Sm 39 

conspicuus,  Sm 40 

fallax,  Sm 40 

laboriosus,  Sm 41 

sobrmus,  Sm 40 

(Ecophylla,  Sm 17, 119 

smaragdina,    Sm.     .     .     .  17, 119 

Ommatius,  Illiger       .     .  208,  224,  232 

bacchoides,  Walk 232 

invehens.  Walk 224 

Lucifer,    Walk 224 

nanus,  Walk 208 

noctifer,  Walk; 208 

retrabens,  Walk.     .     .     208, 233 

Ommatophora,  Chuen 177 

— ' —  luminosa.  Cram 177 

Ommatophoridse,  Ouen 177 

Ophideres,  Boisd 176 

fullonica,  Linn 176 

Opliideridse,  Onen 176 

Opliisma,  Cruen 179 

uiversa.  Walk 179 

lutea,  Walk 180 

rubida,  Walk 179 

velata.  Walk 180 

Ophiusa,  Ochs 182 

fidvotsenia,  &nen 182 

Joviana,  Cram 182 

Ophiusidse,  Quen 179 

Ornithomyia,  Olfers    .     .     .     222,238 
Batchianica,  Walk.      .     222,238 


246 


IXDEX. 


Page 

Oroba,  JFalk 81 

tiirrigons,  Walk 81 

Ortalides,  Halidai)       .     .  219,  227,  237 

Ortalis,  Fallen         219 

leucomera,  Walk 219 

Ortliopterous   Insects,  A.   Murray 
on    the    early   Stages    of    Deve- 

lopnient  of 97 

Oryssus 124 

Osca,  Walk 73 

guttulosa.  Walk 73 

Osuiia 113 

Partlienia,  Lowe 3 

cselata,  A.  Ad 4 

foveolata,  A.  Ad 4 

littoralis,  A.  Ad 4 

monocycla,  A.  Ad 4 

pagodula,  A.  Ad 4 

punctigera,  A.  Ad 4 

pusio,  A.  Ad 4 

semiplicata,  A.  Ad.       ...       4 

spirata,  A.  Ad 4 

Pelopoeus,  Latr 34,  111 

Bengalensis,  Dahlh.      .     .     .     34 

■  leetus,  Sm 34 

murarius,  Sm 34 

•  spirifex,  Ziinn.  (sp.)       ...     34 

Penic'illaria,  G^uen 65 

quaclrinotata.  Walk.     ...     65 

Penza,  Walk.     .......     56 

puncticeps,  Walk 56 

Pheidole,  TFestw.    ......     22 

megacephala,  Sm 22 

mordax,  Sm 22 

penctralis,  Sm 23 

singularis,  Sm 22 

Philantliidse 37 

Philanthus 112,122 

Phuniana,  Walk 164 

canescens,  Walk 164 

Phyllodes,  Boisd 176 

•  semilinea,  Walk 176 

Pimpla,  Fabr 8 

apicalis,  Sm 9 

arrogans,  Sm 8 

braconoides,  Sm 8 

caudata,  Sm 10 

destructor,  Sm 9 

incisa,  Sm 9 

inimica,  Sm 10 

insidiator,  Sm 9 

Pison,  Spin 35, 122 

nitidus,  Sin 35 

•  pallidipalpis,  Sm 35 

Platystoma,  ia^r 228,237 

protensa,  Walk 228 

tarsalis,  Walk 237 

Plecia,  Sqffm 202 

dorsalis.  Walk 202 

Plusia,  Ocks 69 


Page 

Plusia  albosignata,  Walk.    ...  72 

detegens.  Walk 72 

duplicilinca,  Walk.       ...  70 

ferripunctum,  Walk.    ...  69 

inaperta,  Walk 71 

inomata,  Walk 71 

iuvicta,  Walk 72 

niveiplaga,  Walk 71 

pallida,  Walk 70 

stipata,  Walk 70 

Yerticillata,  Guen 69 

Plusida;,  Boisd 69 

Podoniynna,  Sm 19 

basalis,  Sm 19 

lajvissi'.na,  Sm.    .     -     ...  20 

ruficeps,  Sm 20 

Polistes,  Zatr 43 

•  diabolicus,  Sauss 43 

clcgans,  Sm 43 

fastidiosus,  Sauss 43 

nigrifrons,  Sm 43 

Pieteti,  Sauss 43 

Smitliii,  Sauss 43 

stigma,  Fabr 43 

tepidus,  Fabr 43 

Polyara,  JFalk 221 

insolita,  Walk.    .     .     .     ,     .221 

Polybia,  Sauss 43, 113 

limatula,  Sm 43 

Polyrhacbis,  Sm 13,  118 

Acasta,  Sm 14 

Alpheus,  Sm 14 

biliamatus,  Sm 13 

Bubastes,  Sm 15 

Busiris,  Sm 13 

Diaphantus,  Sm 13 

dives,  Sm 13 

Dolomcdes,  Sm 14, 16 

Euryalus,  Sm 16 

Ithonus,  Sm 13 

marginatus,  Sm 13 

nigriceps,  Stn 17 

Orsyllus,  Sin 14 

paromalus,  Sm 15 

paxillus,  Sm 17 

rufofenioratus,  Sm 13 

rugifrons,  Sm 13 

sciilpturatus,  Sm 14 

scatellatus,  Sm 13 

sericatus,  Sm 14 

serratus,  Sm 14 

sexspinosus,  Sm 13 

Sparaxcs,  Sm. 16 

Trophimus,   Sm 14 

Valerus,  Sm 1  i 

Xiphias,  Sm 16 

Pompilidff,  Leach 29 

,  Distribution  of  .     .     .     110,  121 

Pompilus,  i^rtir 29,121 

bicolor,  Fabr 29 


1 


IXDEX. 


247 


Page 
Pompilus  doprajdator,  *S»i.    ...     29 

jucuudus,  Sm 29 

vigiians,  Sm 29 

Fonera,  Lair 17,119 

cuprea,  Sm 17 

— —  Iseviceps,  Sm 17 

parallcla,  Sm 17 

purpurea,  Sm 18 

tortuolosa,  Sm 18 

Poneridae,  Sm 17 

,  Distribution  of  the      .     .     .  119 

Potamophora,  Gven 177 

ferrifracta,  Walk 177 

Poticara,  Walk 227 

tricurvata,  Walk 227 

Priene,  S.  4"  A.  Ad 106 

caiicelliita,  Lam 106 

Oregonensis,  Say     ....  lOG 

Priocnemis,  Schiodte 30 

adustus,  Sm- 30 

fervidus,  Sm 30 

• — • —  flavipenuis,  Sm 30 

pulcherrimus,  Sm 30 

Prosena, /S;;.  i^ar//.       .       214,226,235 

argentata,  Walk 214 

coacta.  Walk 235 

pectoi'alis,  Walk 226 

secedens,  Walk 235 

Prosopis,  Fahr 44, 113 

apicata,  Sm 44 

imperialis,  Sm 44 

lusoi'ia,  Sm •     .     44 

Psen,  Lair 37, 122 

petiolatus,  Sm 37 

Pseudomyrnia,  Guer 20 

carbonaria,  Sm 20 

Iseviceps,  Sm 20 

Psilides,  Walk.       ....     222,230 

PsUopus,  Meig 209,  234 

benedict  us,  Walk.   .     .     209,  234 

egens.  Walk 234 

lucigcna,  Walk 209 

moderatus,  Walk 209 

seticornis.  Walk 234 

subrectus.  Walk 209 

supei'ans,  Walk 209 

Pusia,  Swains 201 

amabilis,  Mve 201 

analogica,  Rce 201 

Bronni,  Dkr 201 

cavea,  Elv 201 

dernicstina,  Lam 201 

Ivraussii,  Lkr 201 

rubra,  Brod 201 

Pustularia,  Swains 94 

staphylea,  Linn 94 

raniidella 1 

rellia,  Desv 215,  236 

—  obtrusa.  Walk 236 

—  porphyricola,  Walk.     .     ,     .  215 


Pago 

Pyrgulina,  A.  Ad 4 

bellula,  A.  Ad 5 

Brenda,  A.  Ad 4 

casta,  A.  Ad 4 

concinna,  A.  Ad 5 

decuf?sata,  A.  Ad 5 

elegant  ula,  A.  Ad 4 

fenestrata,  A.  Ad 5 

• Minna,  A.  Ad 4 

miranda,  A.  Ad, 5 

pulchella,  A.  Ad 5 

pura,  A.  Ad 5 

I'ygmsea,  A.  Ad ,       5 

tantilla,  A.  Ad 5 

Radius,  Sclinm 96 

acumiiidtus.  Sow 96 

obtusus,  Sotv 96 

recui-vus.  Sow 96 

scitulus,  A.  Ad 96 

— ■ —  svibreflexus,  Sow 96 

Remigia,  Gtien 183 

Archesia,  Cram.       .     .     .     .183 

bendioides.  Walk 184 

frugalis,  Fabr 183 

intracta.  Walk 183 

Zeta,  Walk 183 

Remigiida),  Gtten 183 

Remusia,  TVallc 173 

hirtissima,  Walk 173 

Rhopalum 112 

Rhynchium,  Spin 39,  123 

ha!morrboidale,  Fahr.  ...     39 

metaUicum,  Saiiss 39 

parentissimum,  Satiss.  .     39 

Rliyssa,  Grav 10 

vestigator,  Sm 10 

viator,  Sm 10 

Rusicada,  Walk 78 

basiscripta.  Walk 79 

lignigera,  IValk 78 

Rutilia,  Desv.     .     .     .       225, 235, 238 

angustipennis,  TFalk.         .     .  235 

ignobilis.  Walk 238 

lucigena.  Walk 225 

moneta,  Gersi 225 

Salduba,  Walk 203 

areolaris,  Walk 204 

gradiens,  Walk 203 

Salius,  Fabr 33 

maliguus,  Sm 33 

Salnio  Salar,  W.  C.   M'Intosli  on 

the  Food  and  Parasites  of      .     .  145 

Sarcophaga,  Meiff 214 

brevis,  Wcilk 236 

innotata.  Walk 214 

Sarcophagides,  Walk.       .     .     214, 236 

Sargus,  Walk 205 

quadrifasciatus,  Walk.      .     .  205 

Sarthida,  Walk 80 

signifera,  Walk 81 


248 


INDEX. 


Page 

Scabricula,  Swains 198 

asperulata,  A.  Ad 199 

pretiosa,  Rve 199 

punctolirata,  A.  Ad.     .     .     .199 

■ scrabricula,  Linn 198 

Sciara,  Meig 230 

ponderosa,  Walk 230 

Sciomyza,  Fallen 219 

leucomelana,  Walk.      .     .     .  219 

Scleroderma,  Latr 27 

modesta,  Sm 27 

Scolia,  Fabr 27, 121 

agilis,  Sm 29 

aureicollis,  St.  Farg.    ...     29 

aurulenta,  Sm 29 

captiva,  Sm 28 

dimidiata,  Guer 29 

dubia,  Sm 28 

fimbriata,  Burm 29 

fulgidipennis,  Sm 28 

insularis,  Sm 27 

larradilbrniis,  Sm 28 

morata,  Sm 28 

Sepsides,  Walk 221,230 

nitida,  Sm 28 

Scoliadse,  Distribution  of  the     .     .  121 
Seopulipedes,  Distribution  of  the  .  115 

Selenis,  Guen 189 

sequaUs,  Walk 189 

iufequalis,  Walk 189 

vaciUans,  Walk.       .     .     .     .  189 

Sehna,  A.  Ad 91 

succiniola,  A.  Ad 91 

Silborayia,  Macq 215,  227 

costalis.  Walk.   .     .     .     215, 227 

decrescens,  Walk 215 

Sipho,  Klein 107 

dilatatus,  Q.  cf  G 107 

plicatus,  A.  Ad 107 

Sabinii,  Grai/ 107 

Smith,  Fred.  Catalogue  of  Hyme- 
nopterous  Insects  collected  by 
Mr.  A.  R.  Wallace,  in  the  islands 
of  Mysol,  Ceram,  Waigiou,  Bou- 

ru,  and  Timor     , 6 

.     Notes  on  the  Greographical 

Distribution  of  the  Aculeate  Hy- 
menoptera  collected  by  Mr.  A.  R. 
Wallace  in  the  Eastern  Archipe- 
lago   109 

Solenopsis,  Westw 21 

cahda,  Sm 22 

cephalotes,  Sm 21 

laboriosa,  Sm 22 

Spersara,  Walk 174 

■ glaucopoides,  Walk.     .     .     .  175 

Spheeodes 124 

Sphegida;,  Leach 33 

Sphegidse,  Distribution  of     .     110, 121 
Sphex,  Fahr 33, 121 


Page 

Sphex  argentata,  Sm 33 

diabolicus,  Sm 33 

ferox,  Sm 33 

formosa,  Sm 33 

sericea,  Sm 33 

tyrannica,  Sm 33 

Spiders  and  Insects,  J.  Blackwall 
on  several  Remarkable  Facts  in 
the  Physiology  of  the    .     .     .     .154 

Stauropus,  Germ 197 

.  indeterminatus,  Germ.      .     .  197 

Steiria,  Walk .173 

sequUinea,  Walk 174 

albistriga,  Walk 174 

ferrifera.  Walk 173 

humeralis.  Walk 174 

repleta,  Walk 173 

sigaifera.  Walk 173 

trajiciens,  Walk 173 

Stratiomidse,  Haliday      .  203,  223,  232 

Stratiomys,  Geoff. 203 

restricta.  Walk 203 

Strigatella,  Siuains 199 

amphorella.  Lam 199 

scutulata,  Chemn 199 

Strombida; 92 

Strumeta,  Walk 219,  227 

concisa.  Walk 227 

helomyzoides.  Walk.    .     .     .  219 

Sympis,  Guen 184 

rufibasis,  Guen 184 

Syrphida;,  Leach    .     .     .  210,  225,  234 
Syrphus,  Fahr.       .     .     .  212, 225,  234 

wgrotus,  Fabr.  .     .  212,  225,  234 

ericetoram,  Fahr 212 

Tabanidfe,  Leach 205,  232 

i'abanus,  Linn 205,  232 

exagens,  Walk 205 

facilis.  Walk 205 

obscuratus,  Walk.  .     .     .     .232 

sylvioides,  Walk 205 

Tachinides,  Walk.       .     .     .     213,235 

Tachytes Ill 

Talariga,  Walk 190 

capacior,  Walk 190 

Tenthrediiiidce,  Distribution  of  the  124 

Terebellum,  Klein 92 

terebellum,  Linn 92 

Tetralonia .115 

Thacona,  Walk 109 

costivitta.  Walk 169 

Thalestria 115 

Thereva,  Latr 224 

■ congrua.  Walk.  ■ 224 

Therevites,  Walk 224 

Tliermesia,  Huhn 184 

anteccdens.  Walk 184 

erassiuscula.  Walk.       .     .     .  18G 

discontenta.  Walk 185 

finipalpis.  Walk 184 


INDEX. 


24.9 


Page 
Theniiesia  metagona,  Walk.      .     .  185 

nigripaljjis,  Walk 187 

noctinix,  Walk 185 

plagifera,  Walk 187 

poaphiloides,  Walk.     .     .     .  186 

ruficeps 186 

sparsa 187 

Thermesidse,  &uen 184 

Thynnidfe,  JErichs 25 

Thynnus,  Fair 25, 120 

insularis,  Sm 26 

lugubris,  Sm 25 

placidus,  Sm 26 

pullatus,  Sm 26 

Tiphia,  Fabr 25 

intrudens,  Sm 25 

TipuHdae,  Haliday      .     .     .     202, 231 

Tipula  infindens,  ^Walk 231 

Toxocampa,  Crtien 79 

decernens,  Walk 79 

nigripalpis,  Walk 80 

obliterans,  Walk 79 

Toxocampidse,  Guen 97 

Trichoprosopa,  Macq 213 

divisa,  Walk 213 

Ti'icliotropidce 92 

Trichotropis,  Brod.  Sf  Sow.  ...     92 

hicannata,Br.cfSotv.    ...     92 

borealis,  Brod.  8(  Sow.      .     .     93 

cancellata,  Hinds     ....     93 

cedo-nuUi,  A.  Ad 93 

conica,  Moll 93 

inerinis,  Hinds 93 

iusignis,  Midd 93 

Trigona 117,  124 

Trigonopsis Ill 

Tritonidea,  Swains.'' 108 

balteata,  Reeve 108 

Proteus,  Reeve 108 

Trivia,  G-ray 94 

globosa,  Gray 94 

gran  do,  Qask 94 

Trupanea,  Macq 207 

transacta,  Walk 207 


Page 

Trypeta,  Meig 229,  238 

inelaleuca,  Walk 238 

multistriga,  Walk 229 

Trypoxylon,  Latr 35, 112 

graeillimum,  Sm 35 

placidum,  Sm 35 

Turriculinse 200 

TypMopone 119 

Varnia,  Walk 69 

miniata.  Walk 69 

Veia,  Walk 160 

homopteroides 161 

Vescisa,  Walk 191 

commoda.  Walk 191 

Vespa,  Linn 43, 123 

afSnis,  Fair 43 

Alduini,  Sauss 43 

Philippiaensis,  Sauss.  ...     44 

unicolor,  Sm 44 

Vespidse,  Steph.       ...    41, 112, 122 

Volva,  Bolt 96 

volva,  L 96 

Walker,  Francis.  Catalogue  of 
Heterocerous  Lepidopterous  In- 
sects collected  at  Sarawak  in 
Borneo,  by  Mr.  A.  R.  Wallace, 
with  Descriptions  of  New  Species. 
(Continued.)  ....     49,  160, 181 

.     Catalogue  of  the  Dipterous 

Insects  collected  ia  Waigiou, 
Mysol,  and  North  Ceram  by 
Mr.  A.  E.  Wallace,  with  De- 
scriptions of  New  Species       .     .  202 

Wasps,  Social 41 

,  SoUtary 37 

Xanthodes,  Guen 49 

intersepta,  Ghien 49 

Xarnuta,  Walk 227 

leucotelus.  Walk 227 

Xylocopa,  Latr 48, 116 

sestuans,  Linn,  (sp.)      ...     48 

perforator,  Sm 48 

provida,  Sm 48 

unicolor,  Sm.      ...  .48 


THE  ElfD. 


Printed  by  Taylob  and  Francis,  Red  Lion  Co\irt,  Fleet  Street. 


A' 


n']^ 


-^^^?fe~ 


^^^  e^c^^y^^ 


B' 

<r-t- 

CD 

l-S 

f" 

CD 
CD 

^ 

tJ 

T^   hj 

W 

B 

H 
^ 

Q) 

• 

ihed  by  the 
aover  Squar 

0 

9    ^ 

r-^ 

0 

0       p 

1— 1 

0 

*-^ 

c3 

^ 

<::> 

fe< 

1^ 

• 

0 

>i 

s> 

e  Office 
ich  add 

6 
0 

0 

0 

Co 

05 

CD       0 

0 

1— 1 

Co 

GO 

the  B 
inten 

0 

0 

> 

<             > 
P 

0 

OQ 

^ 

^ 

cr?    ^ 

M 

GO 

Co 

1— ' 

Ornitholog 
Subscribers 

• 

bd 

• 

Jo 

1 

j 

OS 

H 

C3D 

p      <n- 

CD 

0 

^ 

H.         ^ 

>^ 

n^ 

§    5. 

> 

1 — 

^   0 

CD     « 

^ 
0 
> 

e-t-      Oi 

CD 

t^ 

=30 

P-  H 

(=1 

>* 

0    ^ 

0) 

0 

1— ( 

CO      •-$ 

• 

CD      i2j 

P      CD 

' 

&-     P 

Q 


i-O 

OS 

P 

CD 

o 

P 

^ 

> 

1— '• 

CD 

as 

P- 

o 

en 

V* 

CD 

P-i 

CD 

a 

to' 

s^ 

o 
a 

S 

O 

1" 

S^ 

^ 

O 
P 

p 
a- 

CD 

<r-^ 

p- 

CD 

O 

I—" 

s 

02 

o 

1 — 1 

a 
S 

5i 

a 

2 

3- 

P 

P 

CD 

X 

O 

O 

2. 

C — 1 

OS 

05 
ON 

05 

03 

1 

2?- 

P- 

o 

p" 

h-j 
P- 

§ 

a. 

I-" 

p 

O 

cr 

§ 

• 

C) 

lO 

05 

?> 

CD 

C^ 

<i 

s 

4 

CD 

<s» 

Si 

*^ 

• 

,S5 

•-s 

o 

Cfi 

CD 

GO 

^ 
P 
&- 

• 

1 

Ob 

• 

S5 

P 

P- 

CD 

1— J 
I—" 

CD 

•  • 

o 

a' 

O 

t-i 
CD 
O 

• 

B 

p 

o 
p 

o 

p 
< 
o 

o 

CD 

CD 

2. 

1— '• 

p- 

P- 

CD 

!--• 

CD 

CO 

p 

CD 

p- 

CD^ 

o 

CD 

p' 

■-s 

o 

CD 
O 

U- 

^ 

p- 

CD 

1— !• 
P 

P- 

P 

P 

<r*- 

o 

CD 

P 
P 

o 

B 

P- 

> 

trt- 

P- 

O 

a 

CD 

P 

o 

p 
p. 

o 
p 

CI- 

P- 

CD 

03 

to 

? 

^ 

? 

•^ 

k 

9? 

OS 

<s>. 
<s>. 

<>• 

t 

o 
p" 

o 

I—"  • 

<1 

Oi 

H 

CD 

CD 

t» 

CD 
O 

CD 

Co 

C2 

03 

o 

p 

Os 

^ 
s- 

^ 
a 

a 

Co 

05 

r 

05 

CD 

<n- 

p- 
CD 

o 

P 

e-t- 

B 

1— '• 
02 

<r^- 

P 

O 
o 

p 

o^ 

Cc 

<>*. 

<:?+. 

'^'^^ 

S^ 

^MB^ 

CD 
CD 

• 

i 

05 

• 

• 

05 

o 
p 

o 

O 

CO 

CD 

P- 

P 

CD 
P 
P- 

p 

?5 

• 

• 

CD 
P- 

i-i 

CO 

Q 

(T^ 

CD 

CD 

T3 

o 

o 

O 

V* 

o 

02 

CD 

a. 

CD 

w 

S 

1— !• 

I—" 

CD 

< 

N 

CD 

P 

CD 

p 

'  _ 

03 

ft- 

o 

O 

p- 

t 

3 

CD 
S 

CD 


/n^VU-